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Nonequilibrium free energy and information flow of a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling 下载免费PDF全文
Zhiyuan Lin 《中国物理 B》2021,30(8):80501-080501
We build a double quantum-dot system with Coulomb coupling and aim at studying connections among the entropy production, free energy, and information flow. By utilizing concepts in stochastic thermodynamics and graph theory analysis, Clausius and nonequilibrium free energy inequalities are built to interpret local second law of thermodynamics for subsystems. A fundamental set of cycle fluxes and affinities is identified to decompose two inequalities by using Schnakenberg's network theory. Results show that the thermodynamic irreversibility has energy-related and information-related contributions. A global cycle associated with the feedback-induced information flow would pump electrons against the bias voltage, which implements a Maxwell demon. 相似文献
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On the basis of the double-well ratchet potential which can be calculated theoretically and implemented experimentally, the influences of the time delay, the coupling constant, and the asymmetric parameter of the potential on the performance of a delayed feedback ratchet consisting of two Brownian particles coupled mutually with a linear elastic force are investigated. The centre-of-mass velocity of two coupled Brownian particles, the average effective diffusion coefficient, and the Pe number are calculated. It is found that the parameters are affected by not only the time delay and coupling constant but also the asymmetric parameter of the double-well ratchet potential. It is also found that the enhancement of the current may be obtained by varying the coupling constant of the system for the weak coupling case. It is expected that the results obtained here may be observed in some physical and biological systems. 相似文献
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对偏离热力学极限条件的有限系统中的若干基本热力学问题作些探讨.结果表明,尺度效应使系统产生一系列新的物理特性,使得统计物理教科书中诸多人们熟悉的结论对有限系统不再适用. 相似文献
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理想量子气体的尺度效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据欧拉-麦克劳林(Euler-MacLaurin)公式,导出有限理想量子气体的热力学量表达式,揭示系统尺度和边界形状对其性质的影响.结果表明,有限尺度效应导致了一系列与热力学极限条件下不同的性质特征,如系统的非广延性和压强的各向异性等. 相似文献
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The Onsager reciprocity relation and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Based on a general model of Brownian motors, the Onsager
coefficients and generalized efficiency of a thermal Brownian motor
are calculated analytically. It is found that the Onsager
reciprocity relation holds and the Onsager coefficients are not
affected by the kinetic energy change due to the particle's motion.
Only when the heat leak in the system is negligible can the
determinant of the Onsager matrix vanish. Moreover, the influence of
the main parameters characterizing the model on the generalized
efficiency of the Brownian motor is discussed in detail. The
characteristic curves of the generalized efficiency varying with
these parameters are presented, and the maximum generalized
efficiency and the corresponding optimum parameters are determined.
The results obtained here are of general significance. They are used
to analyze the performance characteristics of the Brownian motors
operating in the three interesting cases with zero heat leak,
zero average drift velocity or a linear response relation, so that
some important conclusions in current references are directly
included in some limit cases of the present paper. 相似文献
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Energy is often partitioned into heat and work by two independent paths corresponding to the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions of a quantum system. The discrepancies of the heat and work for various quantum thermodynamic processes have not been well characterized in literature. Here we show how the work in quantum machines is differentially related to the isochoric, isothermal, and adiabatic processes. We prove that the energy exchanges during the quantum isochoric and isothermal processes are simply depending on the change in the eigenenergies or the probability distributions. However, for a time-dependent system in a non-adiabatic quantum evolution, the transitions between the different quantum states representing the quantum coherence can affect the essential thermodynamic properties, and thus the general definitions of the heat and work should be clarified with respect to the microscopic generic time-dependent system. By integrating the coherence effects in the exactly-solvable dynamics of quantum-spin precession, the internal energy is rigorously transferred as the work in the thermodynamic adiabatic process. The present study demonstrates that the quantum adiabatic process is sufficient but not necessary for the thermodynamic adiabatic process. 相似文献
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On the basis of the entropy of incomplete statistics (IS) and the joint probability factorization condition, two controversial problems existing in IS are investigated: one is what expression of the internal energy is reasonable for a composite system and the other is whether the traditional zeroth law of thermodynamics is suitable for IS. Some new equivalent expressions of the internal energy of a composite system are derived through accurate mathematical calculation. Moreover, a self-consistent calculation is used to expound that the zeroth law of thermodynamics is also suitable for IS, but it cannot be proven theoretically. Finally, it is pointed out that the generalized zeroth law of thermodynamics for incomplete nonextensive statistics is unnecessary and the nonextensive assumptions for the composite internal energy will lead to mathematical contradiction. 相似文献
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