高温超导体角分辨光电子能谱研究及新进展

本文较详细地评述了高温超导体角分辨光电子能谱研究的所有主要方面的成就及最新进展。所涉及的主题有：角分辨光电子能谱基础知识,费米面的角分辨光电子能谱研究,超导能隙及对称性研究,赝能隙问题的角分辨光电子能谱研究,高温超导体的角分辨光电子能谱谱线形分析,近节点区域准粒子的色散行为,双层能带劈裂。所涉及的材料不仅有最广泛研究的Bi2212,还包括Bi2201,Bi2223,La-214,Y-123乃至电子型掺杂的超导体。所引用的文献特别注意了从新一代高能量、动量分辨的能量分析器得到的系统、深入的工作。     

高温超导体电子结构和超导机理的角分辨光电子能谱研究

超导是一种奇异的宏观量子现象.100多年来,已发现的超导体主要分为两类:以金属或者合金为代表的常规超导体以及以铜氧化物和铁基高温超导体为代表的非常规超导体.常规超导体的超导机理能被BCS超导理论完美解释,但高温超导体的超导机理至今仍未达成共识,已经成为凝聚态物理领域中长期争论且充满挑战的重大科学问题.从实验上揭示非常规超导材料的微观电子结构,是理解其奇异正常态和超导电性机理、建立新理论的前提和基础.角分辨光电子能谱技术,由于可以实现对材料中电子的能量、动量和自旋的直接测量,在高温超导研究中发挥了重要的作用.本文综述了我们利用角分辨光电子能谱技术在铜氧化物和铁基高温超导体电子结构和超导机理研究中取得的一些进展,主要包括母体的电子结构、正常态的非费米液体行为、超导态的能带和超导能隙结构以及多体相互作用等.这些结果为理解铜氧化物和铁基高温超导体的物性及超导机理提供了重要的信息.     

Electronic structure,Dirac points and Fermi arc surface states in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Na_3Bi from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

The three-dimensional(3D) Dirac semimetals have linearly dispersive 3D Dirac nodes where the conduction band and valence band are connected. They have isolated 3D Dirac nodes in the whole Brillouin zone and can be viewed as a 3D counterpart of graphene. Recent theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that the 3D Dirac semimetal state can be realized in a simple stoichiometric compound A_3Bi(A = Na, K, Rb). Here we report comprehensive high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission(ARPES) measurements on the two cleaved surfaces,(001) and(100), of Na_3Bi. On the(001) surface, by comparison with theoretical calculations, we provide a proper assignment of the observed bands, and in particular, pinpoint the band that is responsible for the formation of the three-dimensional Dirac cones. We observe clear evidence of 3D Dirac cones in the three-dimensional momentum space by directly measuring on the k_x–k_y plane and by varying the photon energy to get access to different out-of-plane k_zs. In addition, we reveal new features around the Brillouin zone corners that may be related with surface reconstruction. On the(100) surface, our ARPES measurements over a large momentum space raise an issue on the selection of the basic Brillouin zone in the(100) plane. We directly observe two isolated 3D Dirac nodes on the(100) surface. We observe the signature of the Fermi-arc surface states connecting the two 3D Dirac nodes that extend to a binding energy of ~150 me V before merging into the bulk band. Our observations constitute strong evidence on the existence of the Dirac semimetal state in Na_3Bi that are consistent with previous theoretical and experimental work. In addition, our results provide new information to clarify on the nature of the band that forms the3 D Dirac cones, on the possible formation of surface reconstruction of the(001) surface, and on the issue of basic Brillouin zone selection for the(100) surface.     

超声珩磨作用下两空化泡动力学特性

为了探讨超声珩磨作用下磨削区的空化机理,基于速度势叠加原理,考虑超声珩磨速度和珩磨压力,建立了磨削区两空化泡的动力学模型. 数值模拟了磨削区空化泡初始半径、两空化泡间距、超声声压幅值、珩磨压力、珩磨头转速对磨削区两空化泡动力学特性的影响. 研究表明,考虑两空化泡之间的相互作用时,要想获得良好的空化效果,可将两空化泡初始半径之比控制在3 倍以内;选择较高的超声波声压幅值与较低的珩磨压力,并且使超声波声压幅值与珩磨压力和液体静压力之差介于0.66~1.89MPa 之间;增大珩磨头转速空化泡溃灭也略有加速;通过试验测量材料表面粗糙度的方法间接验证了理论分析的合理性.      

Electronic structure of heavy fermion system CePt_2In_7 from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

We have carried out high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on the Ce-based heavy fermion compound CePt_2In_7 that exhibits stronger two-dimensional character than the prototypical heavy fermion system CeCoIn_5.Multiple Fermi surface sheets and a complex band structure are clearly resolved. We have also performed detailed band structure calculations on CePt_2In_7. The good agreement found between our measurements and the calculations suggests that the band renormalization effect is rather weak in CePt_2In_7. A comparison of the common features of the electronic structure of CePt_2In_7 and CeCoIn_5 indicates that CeCoIn_5 shows a much stronger band renormalization effect than CePt_2In_7. These results provide new information for understanding the heavy fermion behaviors and unconventional superconductivity in Ce-based heavy fermion systems.     

Electronic structure and nematic phase transition in superconducting multiple-layer FeSe films grown by pulsed laser deposition method

We report comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission investigations on the electronic structure of single crystal multiple-layer FeSe films grown on CaF_2 substrate by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) method. Measurements on FeSe/CaF_2 samples with different superconducting transition temperatures T_c of 4 K, 9 K, and 14 K reveal electronic difference in their Fermi surface and band structure. Indication of the nematic phase transition is observed from temperature-dependent measurements of these samples; the nematic transition temperature is 140-160 K, much higher than ~90 K for the bulk FeSe. Potassium deposition is applied onto the surface of these samples; the nematic phase is suppressed by potassium deposition which introduces electrons to these FeSe films and causes a pronounced electronic structure change. We compared and discussed the electronic structure and superconductivity of the FeSe/CaF_2 films by PLD method with the FeSe/SrTiO_3 films by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) method and bulk FeSe. The PLD-grown multilayer FeSe/CaF_2 is more hole-doped than that in MBE-grown multiple-layer FeSe films. Our results on FeSe/CaF_2 films by PLD method establish a link between bulk FeSe single crystal and FeSe/SrTiO_3 films by MBE method, and provide important information to understand superconductivity in FeSe-related systems.     

弱酸试纸法测量功率超声珩磨空化声场的研究*

为了简便、直观地测量功率超声珩磨磨削区的空化声场强度及分布情况,提出了利用弱酸PH试纸测量磨削区空化声场的方法。利用超声空化效应产生的弱酸空化泡在PH试纸表面溃灭后,形成深浅和分布不同的变色区域,间接地表征油石表面空化声场的强弱和分布规律。通过对比不同超声频率、测试距离和时间,得出了最佳测试距离和时间。结果表明,当超声频率为18.6 kHz,距离为10 mm时,测得油石表面的空化声场强度和分布最佳。该方法可形象地评价功率超声珩磨磨削区空化声场的强度和分布情况,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

P2W18杂多酸-萘胺修饰电极研制及应用

研制了Dawson型杂多酸P2W18-1_萘胺化学修饰电极 ,采用循环伏安法等方法研究了聚合膜电极的电化学特性。在弱酸性介质中 ,电极对亚硝酸根的氧化有电催化作用。亚硝酸盐的浓度在1×10 -6～1×10-4mol/L范围内 ,催化电流与亚硝酸根浓度成线性关系。电极用于水样中NO2- 含量测定 ,结果令人满意     

水溶性金属席夫碱与DNA相互作用的荧光光谱

研究了几种水溶性的金属席夫碱与 DNA相互作用的光谱性质。在所研究的金属中 Mn的络合物与 DNA的相互作用最强,荧光强度改变最大且其激发和发射峰均有微小紫移。其紫外可见光谱亦有明显的减色效应和微紫移。 KI猝灭和 Mn席夫碱与溴化 3, 8 _ 二氨基 _ 5 _ 乙基 _ 6 _ 苯基菲啶的竞争实验证实了 Mn席夫碱与 DNA之间的作用方式是嵌入方式。同时也考察了 pH值、温度对 Mn席夫碱及 Mn席夫碱－ DNA体系荧光强度影响。 Mn席夫碱仅与 DNA的一部分键位发生作用, Mn席夫碱相对荧光强度与加入的小牛胸腺 DNA的浓度,在 3× 10－ 6～ 2× 10－ 4 mol/L范围内呈线性关系。水溶性 Mn席夫碱可以作为一种新型荧光探针用于微量 DNA的检测。     

汇算清缴的关键点

企业所得税汇算清缴工作是企业涉税业务中的一项重要工作,是对企业所得税的一次全面、完整、系统的计算、缴纳过程。