Thermoelectric Properties of the CuGaTe_2 Crystal from First-principles Calculations:the Role of Doping and Temperature

The thermoelectric properties of CuGaTe2 crystal are investigated by using the first-principles method and semi-classical Boltzmann theory. We find that the electronic structure of CuGaTe2 is favorable for p-type doping. The transport coefficients can be tuned by doping and changing the work temperature to yield an optimized thermoelectric performance. The optimal doping concentration is 2 × 1020 cm-3, in which the maximum ZT value can reach 1.65 at 900 K. The results suggest CuGaTe2 might find promising applications as good thermoelectric materials, particularly at high temperature.     

La3+掺杂对Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3反铁电单晶储能性能的影响

采用顶部籽晶法生长了La3+掺杂Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3(PLN)反铁电单晶,晶体组分简写为xLa-PLN(x=1;、3;、5;),并详细研究了La3+掺杂对PLN晶体储能性能的影响.通过ICP测试了不同配比晶体的实际掺杂比例,分别为0.3;、1.1;、2.9;.XRD显示该晶体体系为正交相钙钛矿结构,且存在两套超晶格衍射点阵,分别由A位铅离子反平行排列和B位离子有序排列导致.介电温谱给出了晶体的介电常数、介电损耗随温度和频率的变化规律,不存在弥散相变.变温电滞回线显示,该体系均表现出典型的双电滞回线特性,且随着La3+含量的增加,有效储能密度逐渐增大,最高储能密度达到5.1 J/cm3.这主要是由于La3+掺杂导致体系的容忍因子下降,从而增强了反铁电稳定性,最终提高了PLN体系的能量存储密度.     

新戊基溴和叔戊基溴在234 nm的光解动力学

使用离子速度成像技术研究了新戊基溴和叔戊基溴的234 nm光解动力学. 由于它们具有比正戊基溴更多的支链,因此不仅可以观测到C-Br键的直接断裂,还分别存在一个和两个由于弯曲振动模被激发引起的慢速解离通道,母体分子在C-Br键断裂之前就已经有大量的可资用能被用于激发弯曲振动模. 这些充分说明了新戊基溴和叔戊基溴在234 nm光解中C-Br键的断裂是由于伸缩振动和弯曲振动的耦合而产生的,而不单纯归咎于伸缩振动引起.     

卷烟滤嘴上菌核净农药的残留分析

建立了卷烟滤嘴中菌核净农药气相色谱-电子捕获检测器检测方法.并对前处理条件的优化进行了探讨.样品用苯提取,DB-1701弹性石英毛细管柱分离,GC-ECD检测.实验表明:方法的检出限为0.018 mg/kg,回收率在81.5%～93.7%之间,相对标准偏差为5.4%～9.7%.方法已用于环境样品中菌核净的测定.     

基于羟自由基体系的流动注射-化学发光检测水中的焦性没食子酸

建立了在酸性条件下基于羟自由基(.OH)反应的流动注射-化学发光检测水中焦性没食子酸的新方法。羟自由基由Fe3 和过氧化氢在线混合产生。它能氧化罗丹明6G产生微弱的光,而焦性没食子酸能显著的增强这一反应。方法的检出限为2.7×10-7g/L;线性范围为8.0×10-7~1.0×10-4g/L;线性方程为ΔI=25.436C 21.822(C:μg/L,r=0.9996)。对2.0×10-6g/L的焦性没食子酸平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为4.80%。该方法成功的应用于环境水中焦性没食子酸的检测,其回收率在91.1%~108.8%。并探讨了该反应可能的机理。     

利用冰水同心球模型反演冰水混合云

将云看作由众多冰水同心球粒子所构成,建立冰水同心球模型。模拟冰水混合云,计算可见光(0.66μm)和近红外波段(1.64μm和2.14μm)的反射函数和光学厚度,建立查找表。选取MODIS卫星数据中1通道、6通道和7通道数据,用最小方差拟合法反演光学厚度、有效粒子半径,和MOD06数据中的光厚度和有效粒子半径对比结果较一致,实验结果表明提出的冰水混合云的反演方法具有合理性。     

Direct-bandgap electroluminescence from tensile-strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells at room temperature

Tensile-strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells(MQWs) were grown on a Ge-on-Si virtual substrate using ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition on an n+-Si(001) substrate. Direct-bandgap electroluminescence from the MQWs light emitting diode was observed at room temperature. The quantum confinement effect of the direct-bandgap transitions is in good agreement with the theoretical calculated results. The redshift mechanism of emission wavelength related to the thermal effect is discussed.     

三元铁电单晶Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3生长及性能表征

采用高温助熔剂法首次成功生长出了Pb(Yb1/2Nb1/2) O3-Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3) O3-PbTiO3 (PYZNT)三元铁电单晶,并对晶体组分、介电、铁电和压电性能进行了研究.结果表明,晶体为纯三方钙钛矿相,实际组分为0.68PYN-0.22PZN-0.1PT.分别对晶体的介电,铁电和压电性能进行研究.介电常数ε'和介电损耗tanδ对温度和频率表现出典型的弛豫行为.晶体的居里温度TC为80℃.由于反铁电体PYN含量较高,晶体具有非常大的矫顽场,在100kV/cm的外电场条件下极化还不能反转,因而无法得到饱和的电滞回线.在未极化条件下,测得晶体的压电常数d33为78 pC/N.     

Measurement of the ~2H(~7Be,~6Li)~3He reaction rate and its contribution to the primordial lithium abundance

In the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis(SBBN) model, the lithium puzzle has attracted intense interest over the past few decades, but still has not been solved. Conventionally, the approach is to include more reactions flowing into or out of lithium, and study the potential effects of those reactions which were not previously considered.~7Be(d,~3He)~6Li is a reaction that not only produces~6Li but also destroys~7Be, which decays to~7Li, thereby affecting~7Li indirectly. Therefore, this reaction could alleviate the lithium discrepancy if its reaction rate is sufficiently high.However, there is not much information available about the~7Be(d,~3He)~6Li reaction rate. In this work, the angular distributions of the~7Be(d,~3He)~6Li reaction are measured at the center of mass energies Ecm = 4.0 Me V and 6.~7Me V with secondary~7Be beams for the first time. The excitation function of the~7Be(d,~3He)~6Li reaction is first calculated with the computer code TALYS and then normalized to the experimental data, then its reaction rate is deduced. A SBBN network calculation is performed to investigate its influence on the~6Li and~7Li abundances. The results show that the~7Be(d,~3He)~6Li reaction has a minimal effect on~6Li and~7Li because of its small reaction rate. Therefore,the~7Be(d,~3He)~6Li reaction is ruled out by this experiment as a means of alleviating the lithium discrepancy.