表面增强拉曼光谱对西地那非类药物的快速检测

采用表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术并结合简单的前处理流程,对保健品样品中11种西地那非类药物进行了非定向快速筛查研究.结果表明,11种西地那非类药物可根据结构分为5类,类别之间SERS谱图差异显著;类别内SERS谱图具有共性特征,特征峰相对强度差异明显.实际样品的检测中,西地那非类药物的最低检出浓度约为0.05 mg/kg;前处理和测试的总时长约为3~5 min,且与检测目标物和样品无关.本方法高灵敏度、快速和非定向检测的设计理念为快速检测保健品中违禁添加药物提供了新思路和新方法.     

Experimental characterization of dynamic behaviour of gelatin-based material using DIC

In this paper, the dynamic response of gelatin-based soft material under impact loading is investigated. The dynamic tests are principally performed by the classical SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars) technique. However, due to the very low mechanical impedance of the specimen compared with the Hopkinson bars, the feeble impact forces are measured by highly sensitive piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pressure sensors instead of SHPB measurement system. The PVDF pressure sensors are placed on the interfaces between the specimen and the bars. During the impact test, the non-equilibrium stress state and inhomogeneous strain fields are developed in the specimen; a digital image correlation (DIC) technique is proposed to identify the inhomogeneous displacement fields using high speed photography. A non-parametric approach based on the DIC technique is developed to deduce the transient stress fields in the longitudinal and transverse directions from the displacement fields measured by DIC. The validation of the calculated stress fields is performed by comparing them with the stress measurements from the PVDF pressure sensor at the bottom end of the specimen. Furthermore, stress-strain response is carried out using this approach throughout the specimen. It is clearly shown that the average highest strain rate varies with position in the specimen. This lead to multiple stress-strain relations determined at different strain rates by only one impact test. The significant strain rate sensitivity is observed at the tested rate range from 81/s to 269/s. Under compression loading, the axial stress state is developed as a simple compression only in the central part of the specimen due to the friction at the interfaces between the specimen and the bars. According to the calculated results based on movement of “long waves”, the region of the simple compression stress state in the central part of the specimen is localized. It is observed that the axial stress is much more important than the transverse stress in the central part and this confirms the assumption of uni-axial compression stress state in the specimen.     

Combining field‐amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip for the preconcentration and separation of metal ions

A common drawback of paper‐based separation devices is their poor detection limit. In this study, we combined field‐amplified sample stacking with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis on a paper chip with six array channels for the parallel separation and concentration of multiple samples. With a new hyphenated technique, the brown I₂ from the Fe³⁺/I⁻ oxidation–reduction reaction emerged near the boundary between the dilute ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and potassium iodide and highly concentrated KCl solutions. For the separation and concentration of three components, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe³⁺, the Fe³⁺ detection limit was improved at least 266‐fold by comparing the hyphenated technique with moving reaction boundary electrophoresis. The detection limit of Fe³⁺ was found to be as low as 0.34 ng (20 μM) on the paper chip. We also demonstrated the analysis of a real sample of four metal ions, with detection limits as follows: 0.16 μg Cr³⁺, 1.5 μg Ni²⁺, 0.64 μg Cu²⁺, and 1.5 μg Co²⁺. The synergy of field‐amplified sample stacking and moving reaction boundary electrophoresis in the micron paper‐based array channels dramatically improved the detection limit and throughput of paper‐based electrophoresis.     

双靶向CdTe量子点的制备及其在细胞标记中的应用

以巯基乙酸和巯基乙酰肼为稳定剂,制备了酸度敏感型CdTe量子点。经与抗体链接,该量子点具备酸度敏感、免疫识别双重靶向功能。经荧光光谱分析、透射电镜图像及细胞免疫成像证明,抗体已成功链接于量子点表面,且该量子点具有酸度敏感及抗体识别的双重靶向功能,可以实现对肿瘤细胞的特异性标记。     

Approaches to achieve surface sensitivity in the in situ XAS of electrocatalysts

In situ and operando techniques providing information regarding adsorbate bonding and atomic arrangements on the electrode surface along with pure electrochemical measurements are needed to more fully understand the detailed mechanism of electrocatalytic reactions on high surface areas/nanoparticle electrocatalysts. X-ray adsorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful tool to interrogate the electronic structure and local coordination environment of such electrocatalysts under working conditions, but it should be acknowledged that standard XAS methods are not intrinsically surface sensitive. This review will present recent in situ XAS studies on single-atom, metal, and metal oxide electrocatalysts, highlighting the approaches taken to achieve surface sensitivity by careful designing of the sample under investigation.     

Electrospray ionization stability and concentration sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry using a flow-through microvial interface

Concentration sensitivity is a key performance indicator for analytical techniques including for capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE–MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI). In this study, a flow-through microvial interface was used to couple CE with MS and improve the ESI stability and detection sensitivity. By infusing a peptide mixture through the interface into an MS detector at a typical flow rate for CE-MS analysis, the spatial region near the interface was mapped for MS signal intensity. When the sprayer tip was within a 6 × 6.5 × 5 mm region in front of the MS inlet, the ESI was stable with no significant loss of signal intensity for ions with m/z 239. Finite element simulations showed that the average electric field strength at the emitter tip did not change significantly with minor changes in emitter tip location. Experiments were conducted with four different mass spectrometer platforms coupled to CE via the flow-through microvial interface. Key performance indicators, that is, limit of detection (LOD) and linearity of calibration curves were measured for nine amino acids and five peptides. Inter- and intraday reproducibility were also tested. The results were shown to be suitable for quantification when internal standards were used.     

Equicontinuity and Sensitivity of Group Actions*

Let(X, G) be a dynamical system(G-system for short), that is, X is a topological space and G is an infinite topological group continuously acting on X. In the paper,the authors introduce the concepts of Hausdorff sensitivity, Hausdorff equicontinuity and topological equicontinuity for G-systems and prove that a minimal G-system(X, G) is either topologically equicontinuous or Hausdorff sensitive under the assumption that X is a T₃-space and they provide a classification of transitive d...     

一种结构故障的振动诊断法

文章分析了振动参数对结构故障的敏感度，选取对故障比较敏感、又能反映结构动力特性的频响函数，作为诊断故障的参数，采用了最小二乘辨识、卡尔曼滤波、自适应滤波等方法，进行故障诊断、仿真试验的结果表明，本文提出的方法可行，且有一定精度，实物试验结果表明，当局部刚度下降5%时，运用本文方法可诊断出故障。     

对胡海昌的小参数法的补充

专著提出了计算特征向量摄动的一种非模态展开法，本文对这一方法中参数μ或者矩阵μ如何选取的问题进行了研究，分析了μ的数学本质，并指出对于重特征值问题，μ只要是一个适当选定的标量常数既可，无需是个矩阵。     

数字图象测量系统灵敏度分析

在目前常规图象分辨率基础上，对数字图象相关测量方法的灵敏度进行分析，给出了位移和应变测量的灵敏度，并讨论了影响灵敏度的有关因素，进而指出，数字图象测量系统特别适合于各种位移场的大变形场的定量测量，在配制了相应的光学观察仪器后。也基本适合一般变形场的测量。