用液态急冷法在Fe-C,Fe-C—Sb系中获得ε相

本工作用液态急冷法在Fe-C,Fe-C-Sb系合金中获得h.c.p.结构的介稳相ε。ε相是一个固溶体,其晶格常数随着含碳量和含锑量的增加而增大,但c/α值则近于恒量。Fe-C-Sb合金中的8相具有一定的热稳定性,差热分析指出,它在125℃以下不分解,而且Si和Sb的加入提高了ε相的稳定性。ε相的晶粒细小,为10^-1微米级,晶界粗宽。本工作对Ruhl和Cohen等由Fe-C-Si系合金获得ε相的工作进行了验证。用扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜对ε相的形貌进行了观察。 关键词：     

急冷Al-Si超导合金的负磁阻效应

本文研究了热处理对急冷(快速淬火)Al-11.3at％Si共晶合金的微观结构和超导电性的影响。实验发现100℃/50hr退火样品在超导-正常转变区内有负磁阻效应,这表明在这种样品中存在两个超导相。 关键词：     

基于拉曼光谱的电线绝缘材料老化状态评估

电线绝缘材料老化状态的准确评估有助于减少因电线绝缘老化引起的火灾,该实验基于拉曼光谱检测平台及自行搭建的老化设备,对13种电线绝缘材料（聚偏氟乙烯、聚丙烯、聚四氯乙烯、尼龙、亚大尼龙、聚氨酯、乳胶、聚全氟乙丙烯树脂、橡胶、聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、硅胶、进口硅胶）进行加速温度老化以及加速紫外老化试验并定期检测,温度老化10个时间段,时间间隔为32 h,每个老化时间15个样本数据,获得温度老化的每种材料共150个样本光谱数据;紫外老化13个时间段,时间间隔16 h,每个老化时间15个样本数据,获得紫外老化的每种材料共195个样本光谱数据。依据老化时间段,温度老化分为10类,紫外老化分为13类,采用线性回归分类和支持向量机对原始光谱数据进行分类,两种分类算法准确率均在80%以上的材料有尼龙、聚氨酯、特氟龙、橡胶等,但部分材料的分类准确率却低于70%,在对原始光谱数据进行支持向量机分类时,由于样本数量多以及光谱维度高,支持向量机分类所需时间较长,为进一步提升分类准确率以及分类速度,对原始光谱数据进行迭代自适应加权惩罚最小二乘法、五点三次平滑等预处理方法,采用PCA压缩,样本光谱维数从2 048维降至3维,由于降维后的样本光谱维数小于样本数量,无法满足线性回归分类要求,故采用支持向量机进行分类,经过预处理以及特征提取后,数据的分类效果得到大幅度提升,所有材料的温度老化、紫外老化均获得90%以上的分类准确率,支持向量机的分类速度亦得到大幅度提升,其结果为电线绝缘材料老化状态的有效评估提供理论依据,对预防因绝缘老化引起的事故提供技术支持。     

Simulation of induced radioactivity for a heavy ion medical machine

The radioactivity induced by carbon ions of the Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) was studied to asses its radiation protection and environmental impact. Radionuclides in the accelerator component, and in the cooling water and air at the target area, which are induced from primary beam and secondary particles, are simulated by FLUKA Monte Carlo code. It is found that radioactivity in the cooling water and air is not very important at the required beam intensity and energy that is needed for treatment, while radionuclides in the accelerator component may cause some problems for maintenance work and, therefore, a suitable cooling time is needed after the machine is shut down.     

Charge sharing effect on 600 μm pitch pixelated CZT detector for imaging applications

We are currently investigating the spatial resolution of highly pixelated Cadmium Zinc Telluride （CZT） detector for imaging application. A 20 mm × 20 mm× 5 mm CZT substrate was fabricated with 600 μm pitch pixels （500μm anode pixels with 100 μm gap） and coplanar cathode. Charge sharing between two pixels was studied using collimated a 122 keV gamma ray source. Experiments show a resolution of 125 μm FWHM for double-pixel charge sharing events when the 600 μm pixelated and 5 mm thick CZT detector biased at -1000 V. In addition, we analyzed the energy response of the 600 μm pitch pixelated CZT detector.     

微波水热两步法合成高可见光响应Ag2S/ZnO及其光催化性能、机理

在不同的制备条件下,通过微波水热两步法获得了一系列Ag₂S/ZnO光催化剂,采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和N₂吸附-脱附等测试手段对产物结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,产物以六方纤锌矿ZnO为主,其晶型结构并未随着反应温度和Ag₂S物质的量的增加而改变。Ag₂S的引入显著增强了光催化剂在可见光区的吸收,使吸收边带发生红移,同时抑制了ZnO(001)晶面的生长。另外,所得产物的形貌随着Ag₂S物质的量的增加从爆米花状转变为少量的柱体颗粒,且BET比表面积经过复合后明显减小。以罗丹明B为目标降解物,研究并比较了一系列Ag₂S/ZnO光催化剂对罗丹明B的光降解性能。结果表明,n_Ag2S/n_ZnO为1:10时,光催化剂在紫外光、可见光和模拟日光的照射下具有最好的光催化效果,优于目前应用最广泛的市售P25。另外,所制备的光催化材料Ag₂S/ZnO经4次循环使用后,其降解效率没有明显下降,表明该催化材料具有一定的光催化稳定性。经捕获实验研究发现,在Ag₂S/ZnO的光催化反应中空穴起主要作用,并根据绝对电负性估算了复合材料Ag₂S/ZnO的能带位置,据此提出了可能的光催化反应机理。     

Investigation of the transfer ionization process in collisions of partially stripped ions on He

In this paper a projectile ion-recoil ion coincidence technique is used to investigate the transfer ionization processes in collisions of 0.22--6.30~MeV C^{q + } ions and 0.25--6.35~MeV O^{q + } ions (q=1, 2, 3, 4) with the He atom separately. The cross section ratio f of transfer ionization to single electron transfer is measured, and the dependence of f on both charge state q and energy E of the projectiles is investigated. The electron-structure and the mechanisms leading to transfer ionization affect the dependence of f on q and E. Our measurements, along with other data published previously, suggest a similar dependence of f on charge state and energy of projectile for partially stripped ions over a large energy range. The maximum value of f is approximately 0.17q^{0.60}; the energy corresponding to maximum f is about 160q^{0.60}~keV/u.     

Study on tapered crossed subwavelength gratings by Fourier modal method

Fourier modal method incorporating staircase approximation is used to study tapered crossed subwavelength gratings in this paper. Three intuitive formulations of eigenvalue functions originating from the prototype are presented, and their convergences are compared through numerical calculation. One of them is found to be suitable in modeling the diffraction efficiency of the circular tapered crossed subwavelength gratings without high absorption, and staircase approximation is further proven valid for non-highly-absorptive tapered gratings. This approach is used to simulate the ``moth-eye' antireflection surface on silicon, and the numerical result agrees well with the experimental one.     

低能质子辐照活体细胞的能量沉积特性

为了研究带电粒子与活体细胞的相互作用,利用能量为2,2.5,3 MeV的质子外束,在室温环境下对厚约50 nm的氮化硅支持膜上的毕赤酵母菌进行辐照,并用金硅面垒探测器测量其透射能谱,通过对能量沉积特性的分析,表明质子外束穿过毕赤酵母菌后能损随入射能的增大而减小,但能量歧离随入射能的增大而增大。To study the interaction of charged particles with biological living cells,we delivered 2,2.5 and 3 MeV protons outside vacuum as external beam at room temperature to irradiate yeast Pichia cells which are supported by 50 nm thick silicon nitride film and the transmission energy spectrum were measured by an Au-Si surface barrier detector to analyze energy deposition properties.The results demonstrate that the energy loss decreases with the incident protons energy increase,but the energy straggling increases with incident protons energy increase.     

Transfer ionization of the isocharge sequence ion and Ar collisions

The ratios of transfer ionization to single capture for isocharge C^{q+}, N^{q+}, O^{q+}, Ne^{q+} ions on Ar atoms are measured by using position-sensitive and time-of-flight techniques. It is found that the ratio R_{1} increases with nuclear charge Z in a q=4 sequence, and the ratio R_{1} sequences have the minimum values at Z=7 and Z=8 in q=5 and q=6 sequences, respectively, and the ratio R_{1} decreases with the increase in the nuclear charge Z in a q=7 sequence. The results may be explained within the frame of the statistical model. It may be concluded that the transfer ionization depends remarkably upon the electronic structure of the projectile. The projectiles used in this study have the same charge state and velocity, but different electronic structures. The dependence of the ratio R_{1} on q is studied for Ne^{q+}-Ar collisions. The ratio R_{1} is found to increase as q increases for Ne^{q+}－Ar collisions. The measured dependence of the ratio R_{1} on q is compared with the calculation using the molecular Coulomb over-barrier model.