溶剂在丁腈基聚氨酯中的溶解和扩散

用石英弹簧法和示差扫描量热法 (DSC)、红外分光光度计 (FTIR)研究了苯、乙醇、丙酮、醋酸乙酯和1,2 二氯乙烷五种溶剂在端羟基聚丁二烯 丙烯腈共聚物为软段的聚氨酯中的溶解和扩散行为 .结果表明所有溶剂在丁腈聚氨酯中的扩散均为非费克扩散 ,且随着溶剂蒸汽压增大偏离费克扩散的程度增大 .相同相对蒸汽压下 1,2 二氯乙烷和醋酸乙酯偏离费克 (Fickian)扩散的程度较大 ,而乙醇、丙酮和苯则较小 ,这主要与它们和丁腈软段溶解度参数的极性分量和氢键分量有关 .1,2 二氯乙烷和苯在HTBN PU中的溶解度较高 ,而乙醇 ,醋酸乙酯和丙酮较低 ,主要与它们和丁腈软段溶解度参数的色散分量有关 .所有溶剂均表现出近似Flory Huggins型等温吸收曲线 .红外表明吸收溶剂后 ,氨基甲酸酯基团的氢键化程度有不同程度的下降 ,和溶剂与之形成氢键的能力大小有关 .力学性能表明非极性溶剂苯对材料的力学性能影响较小 ,而乙醇 ,醋酸乙酯和丙酮由于可与氨酯基团形成氢键 ,对原HTBN PU中氨酯键氢键的破坏大 ,力学性能下降大     

双亲嵌段聚合物的合成与应用

本文介绍了双亲嵌段聚合物的合成方法，包括共溶剂法、聚合后功能化法、胶束聚合法、自由基界面聚合法等，以及双亲嵌段聚合物在乳液聚合、三次采油、医用高分子材料等方面的应用。     

用网格搜索寻优法选择分离6种青霉素类药物的薄层色谱溶剂系统

 用网格搜索寻优法确定了分离６种青霉素类药物的薄层色谱溶剂系统。采用均匀设计法安排初始实验，借助计算机进行网格搜索寻优计算，在硅胶ＧＦ（２５４）板上成功地分离了青霉素钠、苯唑青霉素钠、磺苄青霉素钠、氨苄青霉素钠、氧哌嗪青霉素钠和羧苄青霉素钠，方法简便、有效。     

溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备Pd-Cu/γ-Al2O3低温CO氧化催化剂

Nano-particle Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ monometallic and Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ bimetallic catalysts were prepared by solvated metal atom impregnation (SMAI) method. The results of XRD measurement indicated that Pd- Cu alloy was formed in the bimetallic catalysts and the crystalline particle size of the alloy increased as Cu contents increased with av-erage diameters < 6.0nm for all the samples. XPS and Auger spectra showed that Pd was in zero- valent state, Cu existed mainly in zero- valent state and partially in monovalent state Cu⁺. The Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ and Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited higher activity for CO oxidation at low temperature. The activity of Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ bimetallic catalyst was higher than that of Pd/γ-Al₂O₃ monometallic catalyst. The Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst with Pd/Cu atomic ratio of 1∶1 showed the highest activity.     

溶剂化效应在所谓“位阻效应”中的重要作用

SN2反应中 ,底物上的大基团会使反应速率明显降低。以前认为该现象完全源于位阻效应 ;但国外新近的研究结果显示 ,该现象的产生应当是溶剂化效应和位阻效应共同作用的结果 ,且溶剂化效应的贡献可能更大     

有机杂化锡硫化合物[Ni(tepa)]2 (μ2 -Sn2 S6 )的溶剂热合成及晶体结构

利用溶剂热法合成了有机杂化锡硫化合物[Ni(tepa)]2(μ2-Sn2S6)(1,tepa=四乙烯五胺),其结构和光吸收特性经IR,元素分析和UV表征,晶体结构由X-射线单晶衍射仪测定。1属于四方晶系,空间群为I41/a,晶胞参数:a=0.909 0(17)nm,b=1.305 1(2)nm,c=1.299 2(2)nm,β=92.918(4)°,V=1.539 3(5)nm3,Z=4,Mr=462.89 g.mol-1,Dc=1.997 g.cm-3,μ=3.243 mm-1,F(000)=928,R1=0.070 2,wR2=0.151 2[I>2σ(I)],S=1.075。1中Ni2 离子与tepa配体的5个N原子和[Sn2S6]4-阴离子的一个端基S原子配位,形成了畸变八面体几何构型。[Sn2S6]4-阴离子作为桥连配体,通过端基S原子与[Ni(tepa)]2 配阳离子连接形成了中性的中心对称化合物[Ni(tepa)]2(μ2-Sn2S6)。     

成膜溶剂对聚4-甲基戊烯-1膜的形态结构和透过行为的影响——Ⅱ.膜的气体透过行为

以聚4－甲基戊烯－1（PMP）为膜材质，分别以环己烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯及环己烷／三氯乙烯为溶剂，研究了这些溶液浇铸膜对O2、N2、H2及CO2等气体的透过行为。结果表明，气体的透过主要发生在PMP的无定形区域，但也在PMP的晶区进行。PMP的Ⅵ型结晶比Ⅰ型结晶具有较低的氧化透过活化能。     

Vibrational Spectroscopic Study on Ion Solvation and Association of Lithium Perchlorate in 4-Methoxymethyl-ethylene Carbonate

Solvation interaction and ion association in solutions of lithium perchlorate/4-methoxymethyl-ethylene carbonate （MEC） have been studied by using Infrared and Raman spectra as a function of concentration of lithium perchlorate. The splitting of ring deformation band and ring ether asymmetric stretching band, and the change of carbonyl stretching band suggest that there should be a strong interaction between Li^＋ and the solvent molecules, and the site of solvation should be the oxygen atom of carbonyl group. The apparent solvation number of Li^＋ was calculated by using band fitting technique. The solvation number was decreased from 3.3 to 1.1 with increasing the concentration of LiClO4/MEC solutions. On the other hand, the band fitting for the ClO4^- band revealed the presence of contact ion pair, and free ClO4^- anion in the concentrated solutions.     

改进的微波辅助无溶剂法提取薄荷和陈皮中的挥发油组分

An improved solvent free microwave extraction, in which a kind of microwave absorption medium （carbonyl iron powder） was used, was applied to the extraction of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel without addition of any solvent and pretreatment. It took much less time of extraction （30 min） than microwave-assisted hydrodistillation （90 min） and conventional hydrodistillation （180 min）. The kinds of chemical compositions in essential oil extracted by different methods were almost the same and such improved solvent free microwave extraction can be a feasible way in extraction of essential oil from dried plant materials.     

CdS和CdSe新型纳米结构的高效溶剂热合成

采用快速高效的溶剂热法合成了海星形CdS纳米结构和一维CdSe纳米结构。用XRD、SEM和UV-Vis等表征手段对产物进行了表征，结果表明产物为单一的CdS和CdSe纳米结构，且CdS纳米结构具有良好的分散性，其形成极大地受到pH值影响，而CdSe先形成层状的二维结构、再形成一维纳米结构。