高效液相色谱/质谱法识别不同明胶酶解产物中特征多肽

在不同动物胶原蛋白序列比对基础上,利用高效液相色谱/质谱联用技术(HPLC/MS)建立一种通过特征多肽进行明胶鉴别的方法。实验以牛明胶和猪明胶为对象,序列比对结果表明,牛和猪的Ⅰ型胶原蛋白α1链和α2链均存在氨基酸序列差异。利用胰蛋白酶将牛明胶和猪明胶降解,通过HPLC/MS分析了两种明胶酶解产物中的多肽片段。结果表明:牛明胶和猪明胶酶解产物中均可检测出存在序列差异的特征性多肽,其氨基酸序列差异与两种胶原蛋白序列比对结果中的序列差异一致;酶解产物中特征多肽上的脯氨酸存在不同程度的羟基化修饰,特征多肽的相对含量主要受明胶分子量范围影响。利用HPLC/MS检测明胶酶解产物中的特征多肽是一种鉴别牛明胶和猪明胶的有效方法。     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定蚕蛹中的微量元素

分别采用FAAS和GFAAS方法,测定蚕蛹样品中的常见微量元素及有害重金属元素。对微波消解条件和测定方法进行了探讨和优化,并用标准物质贻贝验证,获得较满意的准确度和精密度。方法可用于蚕蛹样品及同类产品的微量元素元素测定。     

微波消解-分光光度法测定大豆中的硼量

研究了分光光度法测定大豆中的硼时样品的微波消解方法。建立了合理的分析步骤。进行了微波消解条件的选择及方法的精密度、准确度试验。试验结果表明:消解完全仅需20 min,相对标准偏差均小于7.6%,其方法的加标回收率为92%~105%。     

Microwave enhanced alkaline digestion of silicate samples for determination of Fe2O3

A novel approach to the study of microwave enhanced alkaline digestion was developed for rapid digestion of silicate samples. By using alkali metal hydroxide solution as microwave digestion solvent, the feasibility and principle of digestion were discussed for the determination of Fe₂O₃ contents in quartz, kaolin, feldspar and soda-lime-silica glass. The results obtained from four standard samples and six real world samples are in good agreement with the certified values, and are comparable to the predicted results from traditional alkaline digestion method. All the above demonstrates that this new proposed method is precise, accurate and can provide a simple, fast and energy saving procedure for the determination of components in silicate samples.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定化学原料药中痕量钯含量

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定酒石酸氢可酮原料药中痕量元素钯含量的方法。样品经过微波消解,在优化ICP-MS仪器工作参数后,对样品中的钯含量进行测定。结果表明,方法检出限为0.002 9μg/mL,加标回收率在94.90%～103.4%,相对标准偏差小于3%。方法实现了对化学原料药中痕量钯的快速、简便、准确的检测。方法有望用于其它类似化学原料药中多种痕量元素的同时检测。     

不同预处理方法对准东高碱煤中碱金属含量测定的影响

以四种不同的准东高碱煤及气化飞灰为研究对象,对高碱煤及气化飞灰中碱金属(Na、K)的赋存形态,以及不同预处理方法(低温灰化法、直接消解法、中国国标法、萃取法及氧弹燃烧法)对准东高碱煤及气化飞灰中碱金属(Na、K)含量测定的影响进行了测试分析。结果表明,准东高碱煤中碱金属Na主要以水溶态形式存在,碱金属K主要以水不溶态形式存在;不同的预处理方法对准东高碱煤中碱金属(Na、K)含量的测定结果影响显著,对于准东高碱煤及气化飞灰中碱金属(Na、K)含量测定,建议采用氧弹燃烧法,萃取法也可以相对准确地反映煤中碱金属Na的含量。     

Improved methodology for the microwave digestion of carbonate-rich environmental samples

Microwave-assisted digestion permits a rapid and total dissolution of sediments and various other sample types, allowing easier and more accurate multi-element determinations. In this study, we present an optimised microwave digestion method for the complete digestion of 200 mg of carbonate-rich sediments. The optimised method prevents the formation of precipitates and assures a complete dissolution of the material. The optimised method involves treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) prior to microwave digestion, which prevents the formation of an insoluble calcium fluoride precipitate associated with the use of hydrofluoric acid (HF). Three different certified reference samples along with a pure calcium carbonate standard and a carbonate-rich in-house marine sediment sample were considered. Sediments were found to only be partially digested if insufficient HF was present, while a noticeable fluoride-based precipitate was found if excess HF was present. Twenty elements were analysed using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Al, Ag, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V and Zn). A total sample digestion with average elemental recoveries above 90% was obtained by reacting carbonate-rich samples with HCl on a hotplate at 150°C for 2 h (time for the total release of generated CO₂), prior to any microwave digestion step. This extra step prevented the accumulation of gas in the sealed vessels during digestion, which would otherwise influence the carbonate chemical equilibria and make insoluble calcium available for precipitation. After this initial treatment, the improved digestion method consisted of microwave attack employing a mix of concentrated HCl, nitric acid (HNO₃) and HF (4 mL/10 mL/2 mL), followed by evaporation on a hotplate. The limits of detection (LOD) obtained using the optimised microwave protocol and ICP-MS measurements were below 0.1 µg/kg for the trace elements and below 0.2 mg/kg for major elements.     

微波酸溶-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤和沉积物中Be~(2+)

建立了微波酸溶电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定土壤和沉积物中Be2+的分析方法。采用HNO_3-HCl-HF混酸体系微波消解土壤及沉积物样品,以电热板赶酸的方法对样品进行前处理。优化了仪器参数,采用在线内标法消除基体效应。方法的检出限为0.0029mg/kg。对土壤标准样品进行测定,结果都在标准值范围之内;对土壤及沉积物实际样品进行测定,相对标准偏差均小于5%,加标回收率分别在94.4%~115%和91.5%~113%范围之内。实验结果表明,建立的ICP-MS法与石墨炉原子吸收(GFAA)法对土壤的沉积物中Be~(2+)的测定无差异性。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4,4′-二羟基二苯甲酮中痕量元素的几种前处理方法比较研究

比较了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4,4′-二羟基二苯甲酮中的痕量元素K、Na、Ca、Fe、Mg、Al时,不同样品前处理方法对测定结果的影响。实验发现,干法灰化、微波消解和胆碱溶液直接溶解三种样品前处理方法得到的测定结果没有显著差异,干法灰化测定结果较其它两种方法略微偏低,说明样品有损失。三种方法的加标回收率为88.1%~105.6%,精密度为1.3%~3.5%。     

智能石墨消解–ICP–MS法测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd元素的分析方法。采用连续β射线–DHS PM2.5大气颗粒物浓度监测仪采集空气中的PM2.5,以智能石墨消解PM2.5滤膜样品,ICP–MS测定其中的Pb和Cd元素含量。在优化的仪器条件下,元素Pb和Cd标准曲线的线性相关系数均为0.999 9,检出限分别为0.018,0.52ng/m3,满足HJ 657–2013的要求。Pb和Cd的加标回收率分别为95.8%~101.4%,99.3%~104.9%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为4.20%和2.38%(n=6)。对滤膜标准样品进行了测定,测定结果与标准值一致。该方法测定结果准确、可靠,可用于测定空气PM2.5中的Pb和Cd。