土壤和沉积物样品ICP-AES多元素同时分析基体元素的干扰及其修正

感耦等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)在土壤、地质和环境样品的分析中已有广泛应用。由于直读ICP光谱仪有很好的测量精度,因此常量元素分析的精度和准确度在很大程度上取决于样品的化学前处理,我们用HCIO_4-HNO_3-HF混酸分解沉积物样品,几种常量元素测定的变异系数小于2％,本工作用这种方法分解取自西藏的土壤标准参考样品,七种常量元素的测定结果均很好地满足标样元素定值要求。影响微量元素准确测定的因素较多,基体元素的干扰是主要因素之一。本工作在原有工作的基础上,进一步研究了样品中主要基体元素对微量元素测定的光谱干扰,讨论了利用元素间干扰系数法进行光谱干扰修正所遇到的一些问题。     

土壤样品ICP-AES多元素同时分析

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)应用于土壤及环境样品的分析,多有报道。我们用HClO_4-HNO_3-HF混酸分解土壤样品,利用元素间干扰系数法修正土壤样品中基体元素对微量元素测定的干扰,测定了土壤标准参考物质中16种元素,其测定结果均能满足欲测元素定值要求。     

土壤和沉积物中全硼量与其他微量及常量元素的ICP-AES同时测定

用含有氢氟酸的混酸(H_3PO_4-HClO_4-HNO_3-HF或H_3PO_4-HNO_3-HF)分解样品,磷酸的存在可以避免硼挥发损失。利用ICP-AES法同时测定土壤和水系沉积物样品中全硼量及其他18个常量及微量元素,对标准参考物质的分析结果表明,方法有良好的准确度和精密度。硼的回收率在84.8—100％之间,相对标准偏差小于7.4％(微量元素)和小于3.9％(大量和小量元素)。方法适合于土壤和沉积物批量样品的多元素快速分析。     

海底沉积物的ICP-AES分析

海底沉积物用硝酸-高氯酸-氢氟酸消解,然后用ICP-AES法同时测定常量和微量元素。研究了样品中基体元素对微量元素测定的光谱干扰,并采用干扰曲线斜率法进行干扰校正,分析批量海底沉积物样品获得满意结果。     

X-射线荧光光谱法直接测定电工硅钢钢屑中的微量元素

报道了Ｘ射线荧光光谱法直接测定电工硅钢钢屑样品微量元素的新方法,校正了样品中元素中间的基体效应影响和校正了钢屑样品的不同颗粒结构,不同几何形态及不同表面状态的影响,使钢屑样品可不经处理直接测定,操作简便。     

水样的预富集-X射线荧光光谱分析

X射线荧光光谱分析法具有简单、快速、可同时测定多种元素等优点,但是其检出限值较大,用来分析水样的报导不很多。本文介绍用离子交换树脂膜富集水中微量元素,然后X射线荧光光谱测定的方法。待测元素被选择性吸附富集在交换膜上,可被视为薄样品,避免了厚样品的复杂的基体效应校正。该方法简便易行,可在现场取样预富集,免除了水样运输和贮存的困难及麻烦,适用于环境样品的监测。实验使用上海化工厂生产的3361苯乙烯磺酸型阳离子膜和3362苯乙烯季胺型阴离子膜,测定了水中锌、铅、汞、溴四种微量元素。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)直接快速测定蚕蛹、蝎子、海肠中20种元素含量,采用微波炉消解样品,试验了微波消解的条件.并对微波消解溶样和常规酸法溶样分别进行了测定和比较.方法的检出限为0.01～0.12 mg·L-1,相对标准偏差为1.4%～4.6%.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定工业电解质中钙、镁、锂

工业电解质中微量元素钙、镁、锂对电解槽的正常运行非常重要。本文采用高氯酸加热挥发除氟,以盐酸(1 1)溶解残渣,选用Ca317.9nm、Mg297.5nm、Li670.7nm作为分析谱线,考察了样品处理方法、共存元素干扰对测定结果的影响。建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定工业电解质中钙、镁、锂的方法。结果表明：不同的电解质因其所含氧化铝的不同会有部分不溶杂质,但对微量元素的测定影响很小,可以忽略不计。共存元素铝和钠不干扰微量元素的测定。按照试验方法对2个电解质标准样品进行了测定,其测定值与标准值吻合。同时对不同电解槽的工业电解质样品进行了分析,其结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在0.69%-5.68%之间,满足生产分析的需要。     

蜜蜂花粉中多元素的ICP发射光谱分析

花粉中含有与人体健康密切相关的多种微量元素。因此其微量元素的测定对研究花粉的生理功能、病理作用及进一步开发利用我国丰富的花粉资源将是不可缺少的。ICP发射光谱法已用于生物样品的分析。本文报导了蜜蜂花粉中15种元素的ICP发射光谱分析方法。对花粉的溶解方法,共存元素的相互干扰及其校正方法进行     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定工业电解质中钙、镁、锂

工业电解质中微量元素钙、镁、锂对电解槽的正常运行非常重要。采用高氯酸加热挥发除氟,以盐酸(1+1)溶解残渣,选用Ca 317.9nm、Mg 297.5nm、Li 670.7nm作为分析谱线,考察了样品处理方法、共存元素对测定结果的影响。建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定工业电解质中钙、镁、锂的方法。结果表明:不同的电解质因其所含氧化铝的不同会有部分不溶杂质,但对微量元素的测定影响很小,可以忽略不计。共存元素铝和钠不干扰微量元素的测定。按照实验方法对2个电解质标准样品进行了测定,其测定值与标准值吻合。同时对不同电解槽的工业电解质样品进行了分析,其结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)在0.69%~5.7%,满足生产分析的需要。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中重金属元素的含量

将微波消解运用于火焰原子吸收光谱法对土壤中Mn,Pb,Cu和Cr微量元素含量的测定.通过正交实验进行了微波消解条件的优化,还进行了消解结果精密度实验,该方法的加标回收率为98.3%～107.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于0.25%,具有较好的准确度和精密度.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定茯苓中微量元素

本文确定了各微量元素火焰原子吸收光谱仪的工作条件,建立了各微量元素线性回归方程.应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了天然茯苓和液体发酵茯苓中微量元素含量.研究结果表明二者微量元素含量存在一定的差异,探讨了产生上述差异的原因.     

桑蚕丝腺体和丝纤维中金属离子的含量

用不同的测试方法, 即质子诱导X射线发射(PIXE)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和原子吸收光谱(AAS)对桑蚕丝腺体和丝纤维中金属元素的含量进行了详细的表征. 结果表明, 在桑蚕丝腺体和丝纤维中含有钠、镁、钾、钙、铜、锌、铁、锰八种金属元素, 同时还可能含有微量的铷和锶. 这些金属元素在丝腺体和各种丝纤维(蚕茧丝、强拉丝和脱胶丝)中的含量都有所变化, 而这些变化可能与之在成丝过程(丝蛋白的构象转变过程)中所起的作用有关.     

Certification of a second-generation biological reference material (freeze-dried human serum) for trace element determinations

The certification of a second-generation biological reference material (freeze-dried human serum) for trace element determinations is described. The material was prepared under rigorously controlled conditions to avoid extraneous additions. Analytical data were obtained by the authors as well as by numerous other intra- and extra-mural investigators, solicited on the basis of established experience in determining selected elements. For 14 trace elements (aluminium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, bromine, rubidium, molybdenum, cadmium and caesium) certified values (in ng g^?1 or μg g^?1 dry weight) are listed; for an additional element (nickel) a best estimate (in ng g^? dry weight) is added. Trace element concentrations in the material, which is available to the scientific community, closely approximate those in normal, lyophilized blood plasma or serum samples. The material thus provides the means to check the accuracy and precision of analytical procedures for quantifying low-level trace elements in the best possible conditions and to detect errors that can easily be overlooked when reference materials with higher levels of trace elements are used. In addition, and in contrast to already existing biological reference materials with high levels of trace elements, it offers the possibility of identifying unsuspected errors at the sample preparation stage.     

Determination of some trace elements in the industrial process of aluminium production

Some trace elements in samples from the aluminium industry (Aluminium Kombinat, Titograd, Yugoslavia) were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Samples characteristic for alumina production (bauxite, red sludge), reduction cell components (alumina, anode, AlF₃, cryolite) and aluminium produced (purity 99.5–99.7%) have been analyzed. 10 trace elements were determined under a given set of working conditions and followed through the routine production.     

甲苯中微量金属元素测定及特征分析

利用乙醇-水-稀硝酸乳化体系分散溶解甲苯样品,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定甲苯中V、Cr、Mn、Fe、 Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ag、Cd及Pb等微量金属元素的新方法。采用有机进样系统,以Re多元素混标为内标元素,优化了仪器射频功率、载气流速、采样深度等仪器参数,以及乙醇-水比例和硝酸含量等样品前处理条件。结果表明,在最佳实验条件下,甲苯中多数微量金属元素的检出限均可达 ng/L级,各元素的线性关系良好(线性系数r=0.998 4~1.000);方法精密度较高,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于8.0%;准确度和重现性较好,相对误差不高于10%。对不同厂家的甲苯样品进行分析,结果发现不同厂家样品的Zn、Mn与Co元素差异较大。该方法能够对不同厂家来源的甲苯进行区分,从而为实现海洋泄漏污染工业苯系物的鉴别提供一种新的辅助分析方法。     

Purification and characterization of two major selenium-containing proteins in selenium-rich silkworm pupas

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in vivo involved in the defense against oxidative stress. Se deficiency is associated with many human diseases. The bioactivity of Se is dose- and species-dependent. Silkworm pupa has been reported to accumulate Se mainly in proteins. Thus the characterization of major Se-containing proteins is very important in the application of Se-rich silkworm pupas in food and drugs. In this study, crude proteins were extracted from Se-rich silkworm pupas, followed by DEAE-Sepharose and Sephedex G-75 chromatography. Se content was measured after each step to determine the highest Se-containing fraction for the next step of separation. The proteins obtained were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, followed by in-gel digestion with trypsin, and were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS and ESI-MS/MS. These data showed two proteins mainly accumulated Se in the silkworm pupas. Those two proteins were proven by mass spectrometry to be arylphorin and sex-specific storage-protein 2 precursor (SP-2), respectively. Both of them belong to the storage proteins of amino acids during metamorphosis and the non-feeding pupal stage. The results suggest that Se could be enriched by storage proteins and be supplied to silkworm pupas in accompany with amino acids for the synthesis of new Se-containing proteins and peptides.     

Studies of LA-ICP-MS on quartz glasses at different wavelengths of a Nd:YAG laser

The capability of LA-ICP-MS for determination of trace impurities in transparent quartz glasses was investigated. Due to low or completely lacking absorption of laser radiation, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) proves difficult on transparent solids, and in particular the quantification of measurement results is problematic in these circumstances. Quartz glass reference materials of various compositions were studied by using a Nd:YAG laser system with focused laser radiation of wavelengths of 1064 nm, 532 nm and 266 nm, and an ICP-QMS (Elan 6000, Perkin Elmer). The influence of ICP and laser ablation conditions in the analysis of quartz glasses of different compositions was investigated, with the laser power density in the region of interaction between laser radiation and solid surface determining the ablation process. The trace element concentration was determined via calibration curves recorded with the aid of quartz glass reference materials. Under optimized measuring conditions the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves are in the range of 0.9-1. The relative sensitivity factors of the trace elements determined in the quartz glass matrix are 0.1-10 for most of the trace elements studied by LA-ICP-MS. The detection limits of the trace elements in quartz glass are in the low ng/g to pg/g range.     

Studies of LA-ICP-MS on quartz glasses at different wavelengths of a Nd:YAG laser

The capability of LA-ICP-MS for determination of trace impurities in transparent quartz glasses was investigated. Due to low or completely lacking absorption of laser radiation, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) proves difficult on transparent solids, and in particular the quantification of measurement results is problematic in these circumstances. Quartz glass reference materials of various compositions were studied by using a Nd:YAG laser system with focused laser radiation of wavelengths of 1064 nm, 532 nm and 266 nm, and an ICP-QMS (Elan 6000, Perkin Elmer). The influence of ICP and laser ablation conditions in the analysis of quartz glasses of different compositions was investigated, with the laser power density in the region of interaction between laser radiation and solid surface determining the ablation process. The trace element concentration was determined via calibration curves recorded with the aid of quartz glass reference materials. Under optimized measuring conditions the correlation coefficients of the calibration curves are in the range of 0.9–1. The relative sensitivity factors of the trace elements determined in the quartz glass matrix are 0.1–10 for most of the trace elements studied by LA-ICP-MS. The detection limits of the trace elements in quartz glass are in the low ng/g to pg/g range.     

蜘蛛与蚕的人工强制纺丝研究进展

为制备高性能人造蜘蛛丝和蚕丝,人们在蜘蛛丝蛋白的基因重组、再生蜘蛛丝蛋白或蚕丝蛋白的仿生纺丝,以及蜘蛛与蚕的人工强制纺丝方面开展了大量工作.研究了人工强制纺丝,比较了蜘蛛牵引丝和蚕丝在不同纺丝条件下的力学性能.结果表明:在一定范围内增加纺丝速率有利于提高蜘蛛丝和蚕丝的力学性能,此外,环境温度、纺丝状态等条件对丝的性能也...