低活化比制备天然气吸附剂： 活化助剂提高吸附剂性能

以石油焦为原料、KOH为主活化剂,在低活化比m_KOH∶m_C＝2∶1下制备吸附剂,考察了活化助剂KNO₃、NaNO₃、Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂和HJ对吸附剂储气性能的影响,对活化助剂提高吸附剂性能的机理进行了分析。结果表明,活化物料中加入适量助剂KNO₃、Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂或HJ能显著提高吸附剂性能,HJ与Mg(NO₃)₂、Ni(NO₃)₂协同活化的效果最好。其中,Mg(NO₃)₂、HJ加入量均为10 %（助剂与石油焦质量分数）下制备的吸附剂样品在25℃、3.5MPa下对甲烷质量吸附量达0.143,有效体积释放量达117.1,性能超过活化比m_KOH∶m_C=3∶1、无助剂下制备的吸附剂。     

铝改性赤泥吸附剂的制备及其除氟效能的研究

以铝工业废矿渣为原材料,通过铝盐改性及焙烧活化处理,制备了水中除氟吸附剂。研究考察了吸附剂吸附氟能力、反应时间、pH值以及投加量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,铝改性赤泥吸附剂具有较好的除氟效果,未焙烧铝改性赤泥吸附剂及经过200 ℃焙烧活化赤泥吸附剂的饱和吸附量分别达到68.07和91.28 mg·g^-1,远高于原状赤泥的饱和吸附量13.46 mg·g^-1。经吸附后出水氟含量低于1 mg·L^-1的国家饮用水标准。吸附规律符合Langmuir等温方程,溶液pH值显著影响除氟效果,在溶液pH值为7~8时达到最佳去除效果。     

陶瓷纤维基硅胶/分子筛复合吸附剂的实验研究

采用浸渍法在基材上原位反应生成硅胶,以硅溶胶作为分子筛的分散剂、黏合剂制备出陶瓷纤维基硅胶/分子筛复合吸附剂,采用静态法测定了吸附剂纸片和块体的吸附量,并利用静态吸附床结构来模拟转轮的工作状态,结果表明:在不同湿度条件下,复合吸附剂具有较高的静态和动态吸附量。     

氨基酸在固／水界面的吸附作用

本文研究了活性炭、硅胶和氧化铝自水中吸附酪氨酸和苯丙氨酸。所得的结构表明,（1）在活性炭/水界面上两种氨基酸的吸附等温线均为Langmuir型。极限吸附量nm^S、吸附常数b与介质pH值关系曲线大约在氨基酸等电点处有最大值,这可用介质pH对氨基酸溶解度的影响解释。在活性炭表面,氨基酸主要以两性离子躺方式吸附。（2）在硅胶（氧化铝）/水界面上的吸附等温线为S型,吸附量仅为在活性炭/水界面上的1‰,在硅胶表面苯丙氨酸主要以电性作用吸附;在氧化铝表面酪氨酸以两性离子与表面形成氨键吸附。     

TREATMENT AND RESOURCE REUSE OF WASTEWATER FROM NAPHTHOL AS—E PRODUCTION PROCESS

The wastewalter from naphthol As-E production process was treated with macroporous polymeric adsorbent DNDA-222,Naphthol As-E and 2,3-acid in the wastewater could be removed completely and the Total Organic Carbon(TOC) of the wastewater was decreased more than 98% from 1655mg/L to less than 30mg/L.The adsorbates could be desorbed completely with NaOH aqueous solution.     

A WATER-COMPATIBLE PHENOLIC HYDROXYL MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR ADSORBING PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

A water-compatible phenolic hydroxyl modified polystyrene adsorbent (AM-1) foradsorbing and removing phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions was prepared by covalent bonding of phenolic hydroxyl groups to the surface of porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene beads, this resin can be used directly without wetting process. A comparison of the sorption properties of the new resin and Amberlite XAD-4 toward four phenolic compounds, phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol,and p-nitrophenol was made. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption of AM-l for all four phenolic compounds increased around 20% over that of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be contributed to phenol hydroxyl group on the surface and the unusual pore distributior. At their dilute solution, the equilibrium adsorption capacities of AM-1 for phenol increased about 62% over that of Amberlite X4D-4, while equilibrium adsorption capacities of the other three phenolic compounds increased 4-35%, suggesting an advantage of AM-I over Amberlite XAD-4 in the collection of phenol.Freundlich isotherm equations and isosteric adsorption enthalpies for the four phenolic compounds indicate a physical adsorption process on the Amberlite XAD-4 and AM-I resins. Column studies for phenol show that AM-1 resin has excellent adsorption and desorption performance.     

吸附制冷用复合吸附剂的吸附热

本文推导出由一条吸附等温线和同一吸附质的汽化潜热,计算吸附热的简化模型。对水和乙醇在自制复合吸附剂、13X分子筛、硅胶和活性炭上的吸附热进行了计算;对吸附热与吸附量的关系进行了关联,给出了拟合方程。结果表明:在相同的吸附量条件下,水在复合吸附剂上的积分吸附热比在13X分子筛上低11％～17％;乙醇在复合吸附剂上的积分吸附热较在活性炭上低23％～27％。该研究为吸附制冷系统结构设计提供了计算吸附热的简便算法。     

PAN-based activated carbon nanofiber/metal oxide composites for CO2 and CH4 adsorption: influence of metal oxide

In the present study, we successfully prepared two different electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based-activated carbon nanofiber (ACNF) composites by incorporation of well-distributed Fe₂O₃ and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs). The influence of metal oxide on the structural, morphological, and textural properties of final composites was thoroughly investigated. The results showed that the morphological and textural properties could be easily tuned by changing the metal oxide NPs. Even though, the ACNF composites were not chemically activated by any activation agent, they presented relatively high surface areas (S_BET) calculated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation as 212.21 and 185.12 m²/g for ACNF/Fe₂O₃ and ACNF/Co₃O₄ composites, respectively. Furthermore, the ACNF composites were utilized as candidate adsorbents for CO₂ and CH₄ adsorption. The ACNF/Fe₂O₃ and ACNF/Co₃O₄ composites resulted the highest CO₂ adsorption capacities of 1.502 and 2.166 mmol/g at 0 °C, respectively, whereas the highest CH₄ adsorption capacities were obtained to be 0.516 and 0.661 mmol/g at 0 °C by ACNF/Fe₂O₃ and ACNF/Co₃O₄ composites, respectively. The isosteric heats calculated lower than 80 kJ/mol showed that the adsorption processes of CO₂ and CH₄ were mainly dominated by physical adsorption for both ACNF composites. Our findings indicated that ACNF-metal oxide composites are useful materials for designing of CO₂ and CH₄ adsorption systems.     

外加阴离子吸附剂对复合污染黄土淋洗过程养分淋失的减缓机制(Ⅱ)

化学淋洗法是常用的污染场地修复方法,其经济性、简便性、安全性等指标较其他方法有较大优势。化学淋洗法存在的弊端之一是淋洗过程土壤伴存养分的同步淋失,若能在此瓶颈问题上有所突破,将会大大促进淋洗法场地修复的应用进程。本文研究的目标在于揭示合成秸秆基阴离子吸附剂对养分淋失的减缓机制,采用吸附平衡模式(等温线和动力学)与光谱分析技术(SEM和FT-IR)相结合,力图从微观层面验证宏观研究结果。Langmuir和准二级动力学方程能更好地描述硝酸根和磷酸根的吸附行为,由Langmuir方程计算得出q_m分别为7.507 5和4.194 6 mg·g-1,吸附反应为单层吸附和优惠吸附过程,主要控速步骤为化学吸附。阴离子吸附剂对硝酸根和磷酸根的吸附活化能(298 K)E_a分别为42.25和39.38 kJ·mol-1,吸附反应自发、吸热。纯净水和KOH能够实现阴离子吸附剂的再生,超声辅助和延长解吸时间对于解吸效果略有促进作用。吸附后阴离子吸附剂表面被点状分布的细微颗粒物覆盖,解吸后仅有少量枝状物零星分布。吸附前后FTIR图谱的主要波峰红移或蓝移,证实阴离子吸附剂表面及内部官能团通过静电作用与硝酸根和磷酸根结合。阴离子吸附剂对硝酸根和磷酸根的吸持固定是物理吸附和化学吸附共同作用的结果。     

季铵基吸附树脂的合成及其在甜菊式甙提取分离中的应用

研究了由工业二乙烯苯聚合得到的大孔树脂进行氯甲基化的可行性，考察了聚合物孔结构催化剂用量、反应温度和时间等因素对氯甲基化反应的影响，由氯甲基化树脂制备了强极性季铵基吸附剂。并研究了合成的季铵基吸附剂对甜叶菊提取物中甜菊甙及色素的吸附－脱附性能，发现该吸咐剂对甜菊甙与色素的吸附－脱附性能完全不同，因而可用该吸附剂制备高品质的甜菊式。