基于蒙特卡洛方法的网络计划资源优化

蒙特卡洛方法由计算机产生伪随机数而生成试验点,根据约束条件找到优化解,据此编制C语言程序,可以成功求解网络计划的工期固定-资源均衡优化、资源有限-工期最短优化和资源有限-工期最短-资源均衡优化,并给出蒙特卡洛方法得到最优解的概率.算例结果表明:相同条件下,基于蒙特卡洛方法的工期固定-资源均衡优化方案资源方差较粒子群算法小,基于蒙特卡洛方法的资源有限-工期最短优化方案工期较遗传算法短,基于蒙特卡洛方法的资源有限-工期最短-资源均衡优化方案工期较遗传算法短.     

应用RJMCMC方法识别线性模型异常点

传统线性模型异常点识别方法容易发生误判:正常点被归为异常点或者异常点被归为正常点.为解决此类问题,提出了应用逆跳马尔科夫蒙特卡洛方法识别异常点的思想,同时将其应用于实际数据加以检验,识别效果明显好于传统方法.     

Preliminary shielding analysis in support of the CSNS target station shutter neutron beam stop design

The construction of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been initiated in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Thus a detailed radiation transport analysis of the shutter neutron beam stop is of vital importance. The analyses are performed using the coupled Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional discrete ordinates method. The target of calculations is to optimize the neutron beamline shielding design to guarantee personal safety and minimize cost. Successful elimination of the primary ray effects via the two-dimensional uncollided flux and the first collision source methodology is also illustrated. Two-dimensional dose distribution is calculated. The dose at the end of the neutron beam line is less than 2.5 μSv/h. The models have ensured that the doses received by the hall staff members are below the standard limit required.     

外磁场作用下磁流体薄层的光学特性研究

基于磁流体的微观聚集结构,本文建立了研究磁流体薄层光学性质的模型,运用蒙特卡洛方法模拟计算了磁流体薄层的光谱透射率,并分析了外加磁场对磁流体薄层透射率的影响.结果表明外加垂直于磁流体薄层方向的磁场作用时,磁流体薄层的光谱透射率会随着外加磁场强度的增大而增大.而外加平行于薄层方向的磁场作用时,磁流体薄层的光谱透射率无明显变化,但局部透射率呈现矩形波式的分布.     

红外波段下湿度对偏振光传输特性的影响

针对红外波段下湿度对偏振光传输特性的影响问题,以自然界中较常见的烟煤粒子作为研究对象,采用蒙特卡洛法仿真研究,不同红外波段下湿度对线偏光和圆偏光传输特性的影响情况及其之间差异特性.结果表明:在短波波段,线偏光与圆偏光的偏振度随湿度的增加都呈现逐渐上升的趋势;在中波波段,随湿度的增加两种偏振光都呈现下降趋势;而在长波波段,湿度对偏振状态几乎没有影响.进一步比较可知,在短波波段,圆偏光具有更好的偏振特性,而在中长波情况下,线偏光的偏振特性更加显著.因此,在应用红外偏振进行探测时,本研究对波段的选取、湿度的控制及偏振态的应用具有重要的指导意义.     

120~430 MeV/u 碳离子的微剂量学特性研究(英文)

单粒子微剂量谱在放射治疗中是一个极其重要的参数,它可以用来评估辐射场的生物学效应。利用蒙特卡洛程序FLUKA模拟计算了由碳离子产生的混合辐射场能量沉积的微观模式。从已公开发表的文献中选取了实验测量300 MeV/u 碳离子的线能能谱,并与相同物理条件下模拟计算得到的线能能谱相比较,结果吻合得很好。此外,还计算了120~430 MeV/u 的碳离子的剂量平均线能能谱、频率平均线能和剂量平均线能。所得到的频率平均线能值为185~ 28.3 keV/m而剂量平均线能值则为272~ 64.1 keV/m。本文的结果对于制定碳离子放射治疗的治疗计划有着重要的意义.Microdosimetric single event spectrum is a significant parameter in radiotherapy, which can be used to evaluate the radiation biological effect. In this paper, microscopic patterns of energy deposition are simulated with Monte Carlo code FLUKA at mixed radiation fields during carbon ions therapy. The results are compared with experimental measured results at 300 MeV/u carbon ion and good agreement has been found. Meanwhile, dose-weighted lineal energy spectra, frequency averaged lineal energy values and dose averaged lineal energy values of carbon ion with energy from 120 to 430 MeV/u were calculated,too. The frequency averaged lineal energy values are from 185 to 28.3 keV/m while the dose averaged lineal energy values are from 272 to 64.1 keV/m. These studies are useful for treatment plan in carbon ion radiotherapy.     

低维螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁场驱动的磁结构演变规律

利用蒙特卡洛方法研究了低维螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁场驱动的磁结构演变规律,以及偶极相互作用对螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁结构的影响。研究表明,螺旋磁体纳米条带中的自旋结构由自旋的面内取向平行或垂直于边界的边缘态和中间聚集态两部分构成。在一定范围内增加外磁场,条带边缘平行于边界的自旋排列将增多,最终将在条带外围形成大的磁涡旋环,该涡旋环十分稳定,即使在很强的外磁场下仍然存在。处于条带中间的聚集态随着外磁场的增大,从磁螺旋态逐步过渡到Skyrmions态,最终形成铁磁态。Skyrmions的排列状况与条带尺寸密切相关。此外,偶极相互作用对磁矩平行于边界且首尾顺次连接的排列起积极作用,在无外磁场作用下,随着偶极相互作用的增大,体系终将形成涡旋态。     

Transient Non-Thermal Mobility of CO for CO--NO Catalytic Reaction on Square Lattice: Monte Carlo Simulation

We study a model based on precursor mechanism for CO-NO catalytic reaction on square lattice with Monte Carlo simulation. The precursor mechanism clearly demonstrates its impact on the phase diagram. The steady reactive state （SRS） gets established. The width of reactive region increases by increasing the range of precursor mobility. When the precursor mobility is increased to third-nearest neighbourhood, the second-order transition disappears.     

嵌入配位不饱和金属位对多孔芳香骨架材料储氢性能的影响

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)和巨正则蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟方法,系统地研究了引入配位不饱和金属位(CUS)对PAF-30n (n = 1–4)材料储氢性能影响的规律。结果表明,77 K下PAF-302MgO₂_PBE100的最大过量质量储氢量达到7.97% (w);77 K、10 MPa下100%醇镁功能化改性PAF-302和PAF-303的绝对储氢量分别达到9.9% (w) (65.9 g∙L^-1)和15.0% (w) (50.5 g∙L^-1),分别超过美国能源部(DOE)标准80% (64.8%)和173% (26.3%),均超过在相同条件下目前储氢性能最佳的NU-1101 (9.1% (w), 46.6 g∙L^-1)。即使在243 K、10 MPa下,其绝对质量和绝对体积储氢量也能分别达到5.13% (w)和34.19 g∙L^-1,占DOE质量与体积储氢标准的93.3%和85.5%,是目前为止常温储氢性能较为均衡的多孔材料之一。结合等量吸附热(Q_st)、径向分布函数(RDF)和质心几率密度分布(MCPD)方法进一步分析,发现有机链长度增加导致孔隙率增加和体积比表面积减小,是引起多孔材料绝对质量和绝对体积储氢量此消彼长的根本原因。另外,引入CUS能提高PAFs材料对H₂分子亲和力,显著增强其体积储氢量。     

HIAF BRing及高能外靶实验终端的辐射屏蔽设计

强流重离子加速器（HIAF）是中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研制的一台高能强流重离子加速器,它可以实现p到U的全离子加速。为了保证HIAF运行时的辐射安全,针对该装置的增强器（BRing）及高能外靶实验终端,利用蒙特卡洛程序FLUKA及外推法计算得到了加速p,C及U三种离子时所需的辐射屏蔽。结果表明,加速质子时所需屏蔽厚度最大,并以此为依据给出了全地下结构的屏蔽设计。在此基础上,提出了一种估算高能质子/重离子加速器束流均匀损失时横向屏蔽厚度的方法。结果显示,估算结果与FLUKA计算结果符合较好,验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) is designed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which can accelerate particles from proton up to uranium. To guarantee the radiation safety of HIAF during operation, the FLUKA code and extrapolation method were adopted to calculate the shielding thickness. The calculations were based on proton, carbon and uranium particles when losing on the Booster Ring (BRing) and the high-energy experimental terminal. The results indicate that the shielding thickness required for accelerating protons was the largest. Basing on the results, a method for estimating the lateral shielding of a high-energy proton/heavy-ion accelerator was proposed. A good agreement shows between the estimated results and the FLUKA calculated results, the validity and accuracy of the method were verified.