大跨越管道油气混输压力波速及响应特性研究

基于双流体模型,利用小扰动理论,提出了油气混输大跨越管道压力波速模型.利用计算机编程对其求解,通过大跨越管道油气混输实例,得到了以下结论:压力波速的变化受气相影响较大,即使少量气体也能在较大程度上影响压力波速,随混输气量增大,压力波速减小,压力响应时间延长;混输低点气体所承受的压力较混输高点大,从而低点处气相压缩系数小,混输低点较混输高点压力波速增大,压力响应时间相应缩短;在输运管道低点处,气体受到极大压缩,压力波速的变化不明显,几乎收敛于恒定值,在混输管道高点处压力波速变化剧烈.     

混合水平正交设计的最优选择

利用矩阵象方法,首先将强度2下混合水平正交设计的混杂度量,推广到强度t下混合水平正交设计的混杂度量,然后通过这些混杂度量指标,给出了强度t下混合水平正交设计的四个分辨度指标,其具有水平置换不变性,并能同时用于等水平情形和混合水平情形。最后对混合水平正交表OA(18,6~13~6,2)进行了实例计算,并讨论四个分辨度的差异性。     

气驱油油气混相过程的界面传质特性及其分子机制

油气混相过程的界面传质特性对气驱提高原油采收率技术非常重要。本文针对吉林某油田的实际油组分,采用分子动力学模拟研究了气驱油过程,分析了不同气体和驱替压力下油气两相的状态变化以及界面特性,获得不同驱替气体的最小混相压力(MMP)。结果表明,随着驱替气体压力的升高,气相的密度逐渐增大,油相膨胀密度降低,气相与油相的混合程度增强,油气两相界面厚度增加,界面张力随之减小。同时发现,驱替相中二氧化碳浓度越高,在同等气体压力下,油气界面更厚,油气混合程度更高。纯CO₂驱油得到的MMP远远小于纯N₂驱油,当这两种气体摩尔比为1 : 1混合时MMP介于两种纯气体之间,说明要达到同样的驱油效果二氧化碳需要的压力更小。最后,本文从分子微观作用力角度解释了驱替气体不同时影响油气混相程度的机制,通过分子平均作用势曲线发现油相分子对CO₂的吸引力要大于N₂分子,因此CO₂分子更容易与油相混合,驱替效果更明显。     

基于混酸回流制备碳点的中和过程

Carbon dots (C dots) are relatively novel carbon nanomaterials that have attracted significant interest due to their unique photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, and stability. The preparation methods of C dots was usually summarized into "top-down" and "bottom-up", and mixed acid reflux is a top-down strategy that can be used to synthesize C dots, during which neutralization is a necessary step that can significantly influence the properties and potential applications of the final product. Previously, this research area mainly focused on tuning the properties of C dots by changing the starting materials and/or varying the reaction conditions; the influence of the reagents used during neutralization has been largely ignored. As the previously reported C dots prepared by mixed acid reflux were obtained from different starting materials under varied conditions, a meaningful comparison is difficult. Herein, yellow-emitting C dots were prepared by mixed acid-refluxing a carbon-rich material derived from fullerene carbon soot. For the same batch of as-prepared C dots, the influences of four reagents, i.e., NaOH, Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, and NH₃·H₂O, during neutralization on the structures and photoluminescence of the resulting C dots were investigated in detail. The results of thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly showed that the reagent used during neutralization can affect the degree of dissociation of the acidic functional groups on the C dots. This is further supported by examination of the C dot/surfactant mixtures where subtle changes in the phase behavior were observed. Structural changes of the C dots cause variations in their surface states, ultimately altering the optical characteristics, including UV-vis absorption and fluorescence. Among the treated C dots, the sample prepared with Na₂CO₃ showed the strongest emission under the same excitation wavelength, while that prepared with NH₃·H₂O exhibited a distinct red shift (~8 nm) in the emission curve. The results presented herein provide clear evidence that neutralization reagent selection is important for optimizing the properties of the resulting C dots obtained by mixed acid reflux. In addition, the photoluminescence of the C dots can be influenced by their counterions, providing a novel method for tuning the properties of C dots while explaining their behavior in saline solutions. In short, the basicity of the neutralizing reagent and the type of counterions affect the structure of the C dots surface, which brings different performances. This work reminds researchers that it is necessary to use the type of neutralizing reagent as an experimental condition when preparing C dots in the future.     

强平稳ρ-混合序列的精确渐近性

研究了强平稳ρ-混合序列部分和Sn=X1 X2 … Xn的精确渐近性:即当ε↘0时,概率级数∞∑n=1ψ(n)P(|Sn|≥εH(n))的极限行为和收敛速度,并揭示了函数ψ(n)与H(n)之间的关系.     

Direct Measurement of the Metastable Liquid Miscibility Gap in Fe-Co-Cu Ternary Alloy System

The metastable liquid-liquid phase separation in undercooled Fe-Co-Cu ternary alloy melts (Xcu=0.10-0.84;Xco:XFe=1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) is investigated by differential thermal analysis in combination with glass fluxing technique. In almost every case, the undercooling of the homogeneous alloy melt was sufficient to reach the boundary line of the submerged miscibility gap. The differential~thermal-analysis signals indicate that this separation into a (Fe, Co)-rich liquid phase L1 and a Cu-rich liquid L2 is exothermic and proceeds until the rapid solidification of the L1 phase occurs.     

大管径油气两相流流型变化机理的研究

本文对大直径水平和不同倾角的倾斜管道内油气混输流动的流型及流行转换进行了研究,探讨大直径油气混输管道不同倾斜度油气两相流动过程中段塞流的形成机理。在大型多相流流动模拟实验装置上,模拟油气在大直径管道内的混输流动。通过改变倾斜角度,研究倾角分别为1°、5°以及10°下的油气两相流流型及流型转换的特性,实验结果表明,倾斜角度对段塞流流型的产生及其变化影响显著。     

一类R(o)ssler混沌系统的分岔控制

研究双反馈控制的Rossler混沌系统,并根据Hopf分岔定理给出了受控Rossler混沌系统在平衡点处发生Hopf分岔的一些充分条件,数值模拟进一步验证了这种控制方法的有效性.     

利用NMR技术判识混油钻井液条件下钻遇的油层

混油钻井液对色谱、光谱录井技术发现和评价油气层带来了严重影响.为了准确识别和定量评价混油钻井液条件下所钻遇的油层,创新采用高分辨率核磁共振录井技术随钻检测钻井液T2谱及其含油率的变化.不同油品在钻井液中的混合实验结果表明,混油钻井液为水包油乳液,两种不同的油品在钻井液中难以混合,在T2谱上呈现相互独立的峰,据此可以直观、准确地识别所钻遇的油层;并可根据归一法、外标法定量评价钻井液中的地层油含油率.经现场应用,取得了与室内实验相一致的效果,证明了该项技术的有效性.     

抗混叠轮廓波域采用压缩感知的云图融合方法

提出一种采用压缩感知的云图融合方法.该方法针对传统轮廓波存在频谱混叠的缺点,结合抗混叠塔式滤波器组和方向滤波器组,构造出一种抗混叠的轮廓波变换,并将其引入压缩感知中的稀疏表示环节,将云图分解成稠密和稀疏两部分|对稠密成份采用传统方法进行融合,而对稀疏成份,则在压缩感知框架下,通过少数线性测量的融合,并采用二步迭代收缩的图像重构算法,在迭代时利用前面两个估计值更新当前值,得到融合结果.实验表明,该方法的融合结果无论在视觉质量及定量指标上都明显优于传统方法,有利于揭示全面的天气信息.