A novel silica supported chitosan/glutaraldehyde as an efficient sorbent in solid phase extraction coupling with HPLC for the determination of Penicillin G from water and wastewater samples

In this study, silica@chitosan-glutaraldehyde (Si@Cs-G) was synthesized as a novel adsorbent for extraction of Penicillin G (PG) from the synthetic and real samples followed by HPLC determination. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency including pH, sorbent dose, extraction time, extraction solvent type and its volume were investigated and optimized.Under the optimal conditions (sorbent dosage: 25 mg, desorption solvent (acetonitrile) with volume of 0.75 mL; pH: 6 and extraction time: 50 min), the Si@Cs-G demonstrated high efficiency and linearity (R² > 0.999) with the concentration of penicillin G ranging from 1 to 300 μg L⁻¹. Extraction recovery in synthetic samples was 98.977%, with LOD = 0.493 μg L⁻¹, LOQ = 1.638 μg L⁻¹ and RSD < 1.953%. The method was successfully applied for determination of PG in real water samples (tap, river, lake and well water) and wastewater samples (SH and SHB hospital effluent). The obtained relative recoveries were in the range of 91.31% -123.27% with RSD less than 6.34% for all the real samples. The dominant mechanism in the PG adsorption process was involved in the π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction.     

Determination of Bismuth by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry Using Aluminum Oxide for Elimination of Environmental Sample Matrix Interferences

The aim of this work was to find a fast new and simple method for efficient elimination of negative influence of humic substances and synthetic surfactants in the voltammetric determination of bismuth. The negative influence of the organic matrix present in environmental water samples due to their adsorption on aluminum oxide was successfully evaluated. The organic compounds such as humic substances and surface active compounds were removed by adsorption on the surface of aluminum oxide from the water samples. The application of this method was the recovery of Bi(III) from spiked water samples.     

钙黄绿素-铜(Ⅱ)荧光体系测定痕量硫离子

在pH 8.0的KH2PO4-NaOH缓冲液中,Cu(Ⅱ)与钙黄绿素配位引起荧光猝灭。由于硫离子与Cu(Ⅱ)的亲和力很强,可从钙黄绿素-Cu(Ⅱ)的络合物中夺取Cu(Ⅱ)而使钙黄绿素游离出来,从而使体系的荧光得以恢复,并且荧光恢复的程度与加入硫离子的量在一定范围内呈线性。据此建立了一种测定硫离子的新方法,该方法的线性范...     

茶叶中多元素的微波消解等离子体发射光谱法测定

采用密闭式微波消解系统处理茶叶样品,以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定茶叶样品中铜、铁、锌、锰、钡和铝6种元素.分别从消解液的选择、用酸量及样品消解量等方面进行消解条件的优化,对测定钡、铝元素存在的干扰进行了讨论.各元素的检出限范围为0.15～0.65μg·g-1,回收率为98.6%～106%,精密度为0.8%～5.3%...     

Simultaneous Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Hydroperoxides in Water

The kinetics of the reactions of H 2 O 2 and of methyl, ethyl, tert -butyl, and cumene hydroperoxides with I m were investigated in the presence and absence of molybdate as catalyst. These results were utilized to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of H 2 O 2 and organic hydroperoxides in aqueous solutions. The total amount of H 2 O 2 and organic hydroperoxides can be determined by the spectrophotometric measurement of $ {\rm I}_3^ - $ formed quantitatively during 30 min of heating at 60°C. Catalase selectively decomposes H 2 O 2 in solutions containing organic hydroperoxides. The total amount of the latter can therefore be determined iodometrically after H 2 O 2 decomposition. In the oxidation of leuco crystal violet to crystal violet by H 2 O 2 and organic hydroperoxides, horseradish peroxidase exerts similar activities in the reactions involving methyl and ethyl hydroperoxides and H 2 O 2 , but its activity is much lower with tert -butyl and cumene hydroperoxide. It was observed that acetate buffer is unsuitable for pH adjustment in this type of hydroperoxide determination in consequence of the slow oxidation of the dye in the blank solution.     

Graphene grafted silica‐coated Fe3O4 nanocomposite as absorbent for enrichment of carbamates from cucumbers and pears prior to HPLC

In this paper, a novel graphene (G) grafted silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was fabricated by the chemical bonding of G onto the surface of silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Some carbamates (metolcarb, carbaryl, pirimicarb, and diethofencarb) in cucumber and pear samples were enriched by this nanocomposite prior to their determination by HPLC with UV detection. Experimental parameters that may affect the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response was achieved in the concentration range of 0.5–100.0 ng/g for metolcarb, carbaryl, and diethofencarb, and 1.0–100 ng/g for pirimicarb with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9956 to 0.9984. The LOD (S/N = 3) of the method were found to be in the range from 0.08 to 0.2 ng/g. The RSDs were in the range from 2.4 to 5.8%. The results indicated that the G grafted silica‐coated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite was stable and efficient for magnetic SPE and has a great application potential for the preconcentration of other organic pollutants from real samples.     

Fluorimetric Analysis of Aluminum in Diluted Hemodialysis Solutions by Using a Novel Schiff Base

A spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for trace amount of aluminum(III) by using a novel Schiff base, N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,4-diaminobuthane (BUTAS), and 4-methyl-2-aminophenol (OAP). Since the aluminum complexes are generally fluorescent, aluminum(III) increases the fluorescence intensity of BUTAS-OAP by formation of Al-BUTAS-OAP complex. The fluorescence of the complex is measured at an excitation wavelength of 410 nm with an emission at 526 nm. Aluminum(III) can be detected within a concentration limit of 0.11–1.62 ppb and the lowest detection limit being 0.07 ppb. The proposed method was applied to diluted hemodialysis solution and spectrofluorimetric data was compared with data of standard pharmacopoeia method.     

蒿甲醚缓释片体外释放研究

目的:建立蒿甲醚缓释片体外释放的含量测定方法,并对其进行体外释放考察。方法:以释放介质作为酸消解溶剂,用酸消解间接紫外分光光度法测定片剂在释放过程中的累计百分释放度;浆法考察片剂的体外释放。结果:优选了最佳酸消解条件,并确定了片剂体外释放含量测定方法:蒿甲醚缓释片2h,5h,10h的体外累计百分释放度分别为25%,60%,85%;在诸多因素中离子强度是影响缓释片释放较灵敏的因素。结论:方法准确、快速、可行,适于体外释放实验样品量大的要求;体外实验表明蒿甲醚缓释片具有比普通片明显的缓释效果。     

Scanning X-ray interferometry and the silicon lattice parameter: towards relative uncertainty?

In order to reduce measurement uncertainty of the (220) lattice spacing of silicon to a few parts per 10⁹, a combined X-ray and optical interferometer capable of millimeter scans is being tested. A new series of measurements confirmed the value obtained with our previous set-up, and the bounds of measurement uncertainty were investigated. The article supplements the analysis of the error budget and provides a safer footing for the monocrystalline silicon lattice parameter value. Received 13 August 1998