Theoretical calculation of energy levels and radiative lifetimes of Tl I

Considering the perturbation, the results of theoretical calculation of five Rydberg series energy levels 6s2ns^2S1/2 （n = 7 - 20）, 6s^2nd^2D3/2 （n = 6 - 20）, 6s^2nd^2D5/2 （n = 6 - 20）, 6s^2np^2P1/2^0 （n = 7- 20）, and 6s^2np^2P3/2^0 （n = 7-20） for Tl I are presented using the weakest bound electron potential model （WBEPM） theory. Furthermore, the radiative lifetimes of this five series are also calculated. The calculated values of energy levels and lifetimes are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Propagation of light in(2+1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearities

The(2 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schr(o)dinger(NLS)equation with spatially inhomogeneous nonlinearities is investigated,which describes propagation of light in(2 1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with inhomogeneous nonlinearities.New types of optical modes and nonlinear effects in optical media are presented numerically.The results reveal that the regular split of beam can be obtained in (2 1)-dimensional nonlinear optical media with inhomogeneous nonlinearities,by adjusting the guiding parameter.Furthermore,the stability of beam regular split is discussed numerically,and the results reveal that the beam regular split is stable to the finite initial perturbations.     

Optical system and lens design for Blu-ray disc optical pick-up

During the design process of Blu-ray disc optical pick-up (BD OPU), the optical system and the collimator lens design is especially important. This paper designs an optical system and some lenses for the BD OPU, including collimator lens, beam shaping lens for laser beam shaping, and cylinder lens for signal detecting. In this OPU, we use a triplet lens to collimate the laser beam. At the same time, we build a series of assembly jigs to make sure that each lens can be put into the OPU basement properly. At last, we get the reading spot image and S-curve photo of OPU, which can be used to read Blu-ray disc (BD).     

Structural and optoelectronic properties of amorphous GaN thin films

Amorphous gallium nitride (a-GaN) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature and high vacuum using N ₂ as carrier gas. The structural properties of the films was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was clear from XRD spectra and SEM study that the GaN thin films were amorphous. The absorbance, transmittance and reflectance spectra of these films were measured in the wavelength range of 300–2200 nm. The absorption coefficient spectral analysis in the sharp absorption region revealed a direct band gap of E _g = 3:1 eV. The data analysis allowed the determination of the dispersive optical parameters by calculating the refractive index. The oscillator energy E ₀ and the dispersion energy E _d, which is a measure of the average strength of inter-band optical transition or the oscillator strength, were determined. Electrical conductivity of a-GaN was measured in a different range of temperatures. Then, activation energy of a-GaN thin films was calculated which equalled E _a = 0:434 eV.     

A diffractive optical element for shaping arbitrary beams

A design method is presented for an optical element that shapes an arbitrary collimated beam. The optical element consists of a pair of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). The outgoing beam is also collimated, and can have any desired intensity profile. The phase functions of the DOEs are computed by minimizing an appropriate cost function under an energy conservation constraint.     

LOM and HOM damping study in a superconducting deflecting cavity for ALS at LBNL

Superconducting deflecting cavities can be used in synchrotron light source to generate subpicosecond X-ray pulses while the impedance of the lower order modes (LOM) and higher order modes (HOM) in the cavity should be kept below an accepted level to avoid beam instability. These modes can be damped by adding waveguide on beam pipe. Detailed simulation of Q in CST Microwave Studio is introduced and experiment results on an aluminum model cavity with damping waveguide are reported to make a comparison.     

Design of the low energy beam transport line for the China spallation neutron source

The design of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) low-energy beam transport (LEBT) line, which locates between the ion source and the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), has been completed with the TRACE3D code. The design aims at perfect matching, primary chopping, a small emittance growth and sufficient space for beam diagnostics. The line consists of three solenoids, three vacuum chambers, two steering magnets and a pre-chopper. The total length of LEBT is about 1.74 m. This LEBT is designed to transfer 20 mA of H-pulsed beam from the ion source to the RFQ. An induction cavity is adopted as the pre-chopper.The electrostatic octupole steerer is discussed as a candidate. A four-quadrant aperture for beam scraping and beam position monitoring is designed.     

Harmonic operation of high gain harmonic generation free electron laser

In high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free electron laser (FEL), with the right choice of parameters of the modulator undulator, the dispersive section and the seed laser, one may make the spatial bunching of the electron beam density distribution correspond to one of the harmonic frequencies of the radiator radiation, instead of the fundamental frequency of the radiator radiation in conventional HGHG, thus the radiator undulator is in harmonic operation (HO) mode. In this paper, we investigate HO of HGHG FEL.Theoretical analyses with universal method are derived and numerical simulations in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet spectral regions are given. It shows that the power of the 3rd harmonic radiation in the HO of HGHG may be as high as 18.5% of the fundamental power level. Thus HO of HGHG FEL may obtain short wavelength by using lower beam energy.     

Electron Energies, Dipole Electric Moments, and Distribution of the Laurdan Molecule over the Conformation States of Methyl Groups

Using the methods of molecular simulation and HyperChem v.5.0 programs (PM3 method), we carried out calculations of the principal spectroscopic characteristics and of the structure of the laurdan molecule in the ground and the first excited electronic states. The thermal static distribution of molecules over various possible orientations of the plane of methyl groups relative to the plane of the naphthalene bicycle was taken into account. The energies and dipole moments of these electronic states have been calculated as functions of the torsion angle of methyl groups. The existence of an additional mechanism of electronic spectrum broadening is shown; it is associated with thermal mismatch of the equilibrium orientations of the rotational fragment of the molecule and with the dependence of the electron transition frequency on the degree of deviation of the angle from the equilibrium value. The dependence of dipole moments on this angle has been found and calculated. This dependence is the strongest for the ground state. The maximum values of dipole moments in the ground and excited states are 4.0 and 7.6 D.     

Structure and Photoelectric Characteristics of Functional Polymers and of Compositions Based on Them

The electronic processes in disordered organic solids were analyzed, classified, and summarized. They include the photogeneration of charge pairs, electron transport, geminal and bimolecular recombination, and the capture of charge carriers in local electronic states. General criteria were formulated for the targeted search for and the creation of new prospective polymers and their compositions with organic pigments and related compounds having specific photoelectric characteristics for electrographic and holographic media, photoelectric converters, and electroluminescent and photorefractive devices.