Large-aperture double-focus laser collimator for PAT performance testing of inter-satellite laser communication terminal

A laser collimator is necessary for testing and verification of the pointing, acquisition and tracking (PAT) performance of inter-satellite laser communication terminals on the ground. The laser collimator must have a large clear aperture to fit the PAT performance testing system. The PAT subsystem has a large field of view for the acquisition and a high angular accuracy for the fine tracking. To resolve the conflict between large field of view and fine angular resolution, a large-aperture double-focus laser collimator is proposed and its optical design and mechanical structure are described. The collimator mainly consists of a primary lens, a reflector, a beam-splitting plate, a secondary lens, two compensating lenses, two imaging sensors and a laser. The primary lens directly forms the long focal length arm of the collimator. The combination of the primary lens and the secondary lens form the short focal length arm of the collimator. The collimator has an angular resolution <0.75 μrad and a 10 mrad field of view. For the collimator, the incident beam is focused on the two imaging sensors by its two arms, and the beam emitted from the laser is collimated and transmitted. The collimator is combined with an optical scanner and a fine beam deflector to test and verify the PAT performance of the inter-satellite laser communication terminal in a full physical manner.     

基于Wollaston棱镜的图像复分快照式成像光谱仪设计

设计一种以Wollaston棱镜为分光元件的图像复分快照式成像光谱系统,主要包括前置望远物镜、准直镜、Wollaston棱镜组、成像镜和补偿滤光片。此类光学系统可以一次曝光获取同一目标景物在不同波长下的二维信息。光束经过Wollaston棱镜组分光,为了使不同波长对应景物不至于重叠,要求分束角度比较大,这样进入成像镜的光线入射角度相对较大,无疑增加了成像镜的设计难度。分析了基于Wollaston棱镜的图像复分快照式成像光谱仪的原理及特点,设计了一套完整的成像光谱系统。全系统结构复杂,光学系统的光阑必须匹配好。为了使得不仅单个镜头成像质量良好,而且镜组之间能够良好的衔接,将前置望远物镜设计为像方远心结构,准直镜设计为物方远心结构。全系统采用多重结构,使得16个谱段在56线对处的MTF值均接近衍射极限,点列图中RMS值基本都在艾里斑以内,系统成像质量良好。     

Application of optical diffraction method in designing phase plates

Continuous phase plate(CPP),which has a function of beam shaping in laser systems,is one kind of important diffractive optics.Based on the Fourier transform of the Gerchberg-Saxton(G-S) algorithm for designing CPP,we proposed an optical diffraction method according to the real system conditions.A thin lens can complete the Fourier transform of the input signal and the inverse propagation of light can be implemented in a program.Using both of the two functions can realize the iteration process to calculate the near-field distribution of light and the far-field repeatedly,which is similar to the G-S algorithm.The results show that using the optical diffraction method can design a CPP for a complicated laser system,and make the CPP have abilities of beam shaping and phase compensation for the phase aberration of the system.The method can improve the adaptation of the phase plate in systems with phase aberrations.     

线激光束均匀化整形方法研究

为解决核物理工程、表面热处理、激光加工、激光通信中传输激光束的均匀性问题,提出采用三角楔柱透镜改善线激光均匀性的新方法,并在ZEMAX开发环境下建立了整形光路系统的理论模型。利用所建立的模型,分析了整形柱透镜在不同半径、斜面夹角、透镜介质折射率等参数下光束的均匀性。研究表明：在远场条件下,通过改变整形柱透镜的参数,能够得到能量分布均匀的线激光。在实际应用中,可以采用1个半圆柱和2个相同三角楔胶合成型的简单工艺。进一步模拟发现,两种整形系统所得到的均匀度和线宽一致。     

Spatial beam shaping by quartz crystal piano-convex lens

Based on the optical activity of quartz crystal, we proposed a scheme for shaping the spatial intensity distribution of a linearly polarized laser beam by utilizing a quartz crystal piano-convex lens in combination with a polarizer. The intensity profile of the shaped laser beam can be easily switched from one profile to another by controlling the polarization direction of the incident laser beam.     

Electrowetting-Based Variable-Focus Lens for Miniature Systems

The meniscus between two immiscible liquids of different refractive indices can be used as a lens. A change in curvature of this meniscus by electrostatic control of the solid/liquid interfacial tension leads to a change in focal distance. It is demonstrated that two liquids in a tube form a self-centred variable-focus lens. The optical properties of this lens were investigated experimentally. We designed and constructed a miniature camera module based on this variable lens suitable for mobile applications. Furthermore, the liquid lens was applied in a Blu-ray Disc optical recording system to enable dual layer disc reading/writing.     

应用四元数方法对光存储光学系统的建模

光存储中的光学系统是一种非同轴光学系统，其中各个光学元件的设计位置与装配精度是保证系统光线正常传输并获得准确信号的前提。四元数方法是一种可以方便地描述空间光线的传输计算与坐标变换的数学方法。通过将四元数引入到光学头光学系统的建模中，使用四元数法表征非同轴光学系统的传输方式，并给出建立光学元件的设计、安装参数与聚焦光斑、读出光斑之间关系的流程图。据此模型对各个独立的研究对象进行分析的结果，对光存储中光学系统的设计与生产装配工艺的制定有指导意义；同时,以此模型分析物镜的连续运动对光斑和读出信号的影响，对光学头中的可执行机构力矩器的设计有实践作用。     

激光位移传感器的光学系统设计

针对目前国内自主研制的激光位移传感器精度低,测量范围小等问题,提出了一种采用光学设计软件预先仿真整个激光位移传感器光学系统的方法。在分析系统各部分的光学特性的基础上,结合具体要求设计了一个激光位移传感器的光学系统,其工作范围为（50±10）mm。采用系统分割的方法,将整个光学系统分为两部分进行设计,第一部分是激光束的整形透镜,要求在有效的工作范围内得到小而均匀的出射光斑,设计结果表明,在测量范围内,光斑大小能够控制在10-1mm量级;另一部分是被测面散射光接收的成像物镜,该系统的特点是物面和像面相对于光轴都有一定的角度,实验结果表明其成像满足Scbeimpflug条件。     

Design and evaluation of a Blu-ray pickup head system for determining the tilt angle and displacement of the test plane

We present an optical system design for determining the tilt angle and displacement of the test plane. The proposed optical system consists of a Blu-ray pickup head and a pigtailed laser diode with a uniform Gaussian beam. The optical system is evaluated by two optical design software packages, Code V and LightTools. A quadrant detector is used to detect the relative relationship of the V_A, V_B, V_C and V_D output signals, which can be used to measure the tilt angle and displacement on the test plane. Both the tilt angle and displacement on the test plane can be determined from the change in the beam shape on the quadrant detector. The proposed system can generate a circular uniform beam shape to reduce the misjudgment and to enhance the measurement accuracy. Various simulation cases are presented in detail to show the feasibility of the proposed system.     

The development of a portable line-shaping optical system for silicon surface treatment

This study proposes a beam shaper for converting a circle beam profile generated with a Gaussian intensity distribution by an 808 nm diode laser into a line beam profile for silicon surface treatment applications. To produce a hand-held and low-cost device with a large spot-size laser, this study uses a portable optical system consisting of a diode laser source, a collimator, a cylindrical lens, and a plano-convex lens to generate an approximately 40 × 3:5mm² line beam profile at a working distance of 200 mm. The silicon surface treated by the line-shaped laser beam has significantly reduced reflectance spectra. The proposed system is also suitable for the surface cleaning of materials.     

Characterizing the divergence properties of the laser diode beams propagation through collimator and aperture ABCD optical system

The propagation properties of Gaussian laser beams through a complete optical path including free space and the optics of transmitter and receiver containing a collimator, an aperture and a lens is studied. Based on the Collins integral and using the second order moment method, analytical formulas for intensity distribution and Power In Bucket (PIB) along the propagation path are derived. The effects of initial beam divergence, collimator–source separation distance and beam width deviation on laser beams properties are investigated. Obtained results are confirmed and illustrated with numerical examples and resulted graphs.     

Laser diode beam shaping by optical interference

We recently proposed a novel beam shaping technique that employs Lloyd’s mirror interference. In this study, we apply this technique to three commercial laser diodes: laser diodes used for optical pumping of solid-state lasers, for laser beam printers, and for laser displays. The elliptical output beams from these laser diodes could be transformed into nearly circular beams by inserting a mirror-polished GaAs substrate below the active layer of each laser diode and adjusting its height. The experimentally observed far-field patterns were predicted fairly well by numerical calculations based on Huygens’ integral. We confirmed that our beam shaping technique is applicable to laser diodes with various wavelengths and vertical beam divergence angles. We also describe the monolithic configuration of the beam shaping system, which can be fabricated by dry etching.     

高功率准分子激光系统光学设计

 回顾并介绍了高功率准分子激光系统设计中需要综合考虑的两项主要技术——像传递技术和角多路技术。讨论了照明方式和激光振荡源的光束整形在激光系统成像光路设计中的重要作用,对多路放大技术及角多路放大技术形式进行了系统分析。多路激光非相干合束是角多路技术和成像技术对高功率准分子激光系统光学设计提出的特殊要求,在简要分析了透射阵列和反射式望远物镜两种实现多路激光合束的打靶光学系统基础上,提出了一种利用反射式打靶光学系统和一套光学延迟线阵列来同时实现角多路编码和解码的新型光路布局,给出了初步设计方案。     

影碟机激光头非球面物镜的设计

本文首先介绍了影碟机激光头的工作原理,然后根据激光二极管的发光特性及刻录在光盘上表示信息的坑槽的细微结构,提出了使激光头物镜满足工作需求的光学设计要求。在非球面物镜的总体设计阶段,对物镜的焦距、口径等系统性能参数进行了确定,并针对系统要求提出需校正的像差种类。在非球面物镜的光学设计阶段,以总体设计的初始结构数据为基础,利用计算机进行非球面物镜的设计和优化,得到了满足各项要求的设计结果。文中给出了所设计的非球面物镜结构参数及像差曲线,并就该塑料镜片的工艺性进行了初步讨论     

高能激光束自动对准和稳定系统的结构设计

介绍了一种用于两个光学平台之间光轴自动对准和稳定光束的设计方案。以可绕ｘ,ｙ,ｚ三个方向转动的导光管为单元,组成导光臂连接两个光学平台,消除两个平台之间相对运动产生的光轴对接偏差。用压电陶瓷驱动的倾斜镜作光束稳定元件,消除光束自身的漂移和平台间高频振动产生的光轴偏差。     

260 W波长锁定光纤耦合输出泵浦模块实验研究

半导体光纤耦合输出泵浦源是光纤激光器的核心器件,其性能直接制约光纤激光器的输出水平。采用COS封装的高功率LD芯片,通过VBG外腔光谱锁定和精密光束整形变换技术,结合偏振合束与精密聚焦耦合技术将18个LD单元耦合进105 μm/NA0.22光纤,获得不低于260 W功率输出。实验表明,该模块在注入电流18 A时,可获得稳定输出连续功率264 W,对应电光效率52%,输出光谱中心波长975.92 nm,谱宽0.51 nm。该设计为获得高功率、高亮度波长稳定泵浦源提供了一条可行途径,光纤耦合输出模块工程化后可广泛应用在光纤激光器泵浦等领域。     

Design of refractive/diffractive hybrid optical elements for beam shaping with large diffraction pattern

Diffractive optics is an important technique for beam shaping with high light efficiency and strong diffraction pattern flexibility. Since the diffraction angle is limited by the unit size of the diffractive optical element(DOE),the size of the required diffraction pattern is always rather small. In this Letter, refractive/diffractive hybrid optical elements(RDHOEs) consisting of a DOE and a lens are used to realize beam shaping for a large diffraction pattern. The lens, as the component of the RDHOEs, can not only be concave but also convex,and the double sampling Fresnel diffraction algorithm is developed for the design of these two types of RDHOEs.The simulation and experimental results provide solid evidence to demonstrate the proposed method with the pure phase spatial light modulator.     

大功率激光二极管双峰结构远场分布模型

为了合理地设计光学系统以整形激光二极管出射光束,必须准确了解激光二极管的远场分布,然而对于大功率激光二极管仍没有形式简单并且较好反映实际器件特性的光束模型。基于亥姆霍兹方程的严格远场解,提出使用两个离心高斯光束描述场源处平行结平面方向的模式场分布,将其代入严格远场解中得到一种描述大功率激光二极管远场光分布模型．用于描述其双峰远场结构。理论模型与三种实际器件的测量数据进行了比较,曲线主要部分都能很好吻合,并且偏差部分的能量仅占总能量的1％～2％。该模型数学表达形式简单,可以方便地用于研究光束经光学系统后的变换,以及计算光学系统的耦合效率,而且对于定量设计光学整形系统十分有用。     

用于Rb原子冷却系统的半导体激光放大(TPA)装置

报道了我们最近研制的780 13m半导体激光放大装置.激光放大管采用Eagleyard公司生产的(EYP-TPA-0780-01000)半导体锥形放大器,当输入的种子源激光功率为25 mW时,放大器输出的激光功率达600mW左右,该光束经过透镜整形,声光调制器频移,然后耦合到单模保偏光纤后,输出功率达110 mW.该激光放大装置可很好的用于高密度冷原子的俘获.     

光阴极微波电子枪驱动激光整形与传输系统

为满足合肥先进光源对高品质注入束流的要求,合肥先进光源预研项目研制了一套光阴极微波电子枪系统作为注入器电子源。为降低空间电荷效应引起的束流发射度增长,对驱动激光整形及传输系统进行了理论和实验研究。通过双折射晶体的脉冲时间整形以及采用光阑高斯截断的空间整形,得到了近似均匀分布的激光脉冲。像传递激光传输光路,实现了光阴极表面激光位置的高稳定性。实验结果显示,光阴极表面的激光位置抖动小于4 μm,激光性能满足实验要求。