新型冰箱制冷剂三氟甲醚与异丁烷的性能对比

本文对氟化醚类工质三氟甲醚(简称HFE143a)用作冰箱制冷剂的性能与现有冰箱制冷剂HC600a进行了对比。首先比较了新制冷剂HFE143a和现有冰箱制冷剂CFC12、HFC134a、HC600a和HFC152a/HCFC22等的基础热力性质。然后对HFE143a、HC600a和CFC12的冰箱标准工况制冷循环性能和变工况制冷循环性能进行了详细的理论计算及分析。分析表明:HFE143a完全适合做新一代冰箱制冷剂。     

用甲醇－氢混合气源在不锈钢上生长金刚石薄膜的研究

利用甲醇－氢（ＣＨ３ＯＨ－Ｈ２）混合气体为气源，３０ｎｍ厚的无定形硅为过渡层，借助于微波等离子体化学气相沉积（ＭＷＣＶＤ）成功地将金刚石薄膜生长在不锈钢上，其最低生长温度可至４２０℃，并且甲醇－氢混合气体比传统的甲烷－氢（ＣＨ４－Ｈ２）更具优势，测试表明这种金刚石薄膜有希望作为耐磨层在工业上应用     

星际型CH_3CN－H_2含超精细能级的碰撞跃迁速率系数的理论计算

利用ＩＯＳ近似模型，计算了星际分子云条件下Ｅ型ＣＨ３ＣＮ－Ｈ２含超精细能级的的碰撞跃迁速率系数。其温度范围是２０Ｋ－１４０Ｋ。为研究分子云与恒星形成区的物理、化学性质提供了大量有用的基础分子数据。     

L-spaces and S-spaces in P(ω)

We show that CH implies that $\text{P}\text{(ω)}$, when equipped with the Vietoris topology, has a subspace which is an L-space and a subspace which is an S-space. This is an immediate consequence of the following purely combinatorial result: CH implies the existence of an ω₁-sequence 〈x_α: α < ω₁〉 in $\text{P}\text{(ω)}$ such that (1) if α<β<ω₁, then $\text{X}{}_{\mathrm{\beta }}\text{?}{}^1\text{X}{}_{\mathrm{\alpha }}$; (2) if I ?ω₁ is unaccountable, then there are distinct α, β ∈ I with X_β ?X_α.     

Synthesis and structure of azomethines based onN-vinyl derivatives of 2-amino- and 2-formylimidazoles

New Schiff's bases of theN-vinylimidazole andN-vinylbenzimidazole series were synthesized.¹H NMR data suggest that the azomethines exist in theE-form with respect to the CH=N bond and that the vinyl groups havetrans-orientation relative to each other. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1857–1859, October, 1997.     

CO_2置换CH_4水合物实验研究进展

全面总结了目前CO2置换CH4水合物中CH4实验研究进展。首先从水合物结构角度出发讨论置换的可能性及置换效率;而后分别从热力学和动力学角度探讨置换反应机理;最后设计并优化了实验系统。作者认为探明置换内在机理是未来置换法开采水合物能源技术发展的关键。     

1.65μm附近CH_4分子高分辨率吸收光谱研究

采用连续可调谐二极管半导体激光器为探测光源,以可调怀特型长光程多通池(46.36～1158.90m)作为吸收池,采用直接吸收的方法,探测了室温下1.65μm附近CH4分子的高分辨率吸收光谱。在6043.00～6053.72cm-1范围内探测了5组不同压力和光程下的吸收光谱,观测到了259条线新的CH4分子吸收谱线,实验数据用Gaussian线型进行拟合,得到了这些吸收谱线的线强、线位置以及线强的标准偏差值,并对光谱中难以分辨的吸收谱线进行了分析。探测得到的最小谱线线强是4.3×10-27cm-1·(molcule·cm-2)-1,吸收谱线线强大于3.0×10-24cm-1·(mol·cm-2)-1由于吸收饱和而未被处理,同时所测得的光谱也显示出CH4分子在1.65μm附近有非常丰富的弱吸收谱线和复杂的结构。文中所报道的吸收谱线都是HITRAN2004数据库中所未报道的,而且也未见有其他文献报道过。     

Theoretical study on halide and mixed halide Perovskite solar cells: Effects of halide atoms on the stability and electronic properties

Increasing the stability of perovskite solar cells is one of the most important tasks in the photovoltaic industry. Thus, the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of pure CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and fully doped compounds (CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ and CH₃NH₃PbCl₃) in cubic and tetragonal phases were investigated using density functional theory calculations. We also considered the effects of mixed halide perovskites CH₃NH₃PbI₂X (where X = Br and Cl) and compared their properties with CH₃NH₃PbI₃. The DFT results indicate that the phase transformation from tetragonal to cubic phase decreases the band gap. The calculated results show that the X‐site ion plays a vital role in the geometrical stability and electronic levels. An increase in the band gap and a reduction in the lattice constants are more apparent in CH₃NH₃PbI₂X compounds (I > Br > Cl).     

Absorption spectra of benzene-isooctane mixtures in the wavelength range 1620–1820 nm

Experimental absorption spectra of benzene, isooctane, and their mixtures are obtained in the wavelength range λ = 1620–1820 nm in which the first overtones of vibrational frequencies of CH, CH₂, and CH₃ hydrocarbon groups are located. Positions of fundamental absorption bands of benzene are refined. Absorption spectra of benzene-isooctane mixtures are shown to intersect in a narrow area near λ ≈ 1695 nm. The main maximum of benzene absorption at λ = 1671.5 ± 0.5 nm, where the influence of isooctane absorption is practically absent, is proposed for determining the content of benzene in benzene-isooctane mixtures. A linear calibration curve for λ = 1671.5 nm that encompasses the full range of benzene concentrations (0–100%) is presented. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 5, pp. 631–634, September–October, 2008.     

Modeling of the elementary gas-phase reaction during chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from CH3SiCl3/H2

We established a gas-phase, elementary reaction model for chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide from methyltrichlorosilane (MTS) and H₂, based on the model developed at Iowa State University (ISU). The ISU model did not reproduce our experimental results, decomposition behavior of MTS in the gas phase in an environment with H₂. Therefore, we made several modifications to the ISU model. Of the reactions included in existing models, 236 were lacking in the ISU model, and thus were added to the model. In addition, we modified the rate constants of the unimolecular reactions and the recombination reactions, which were treated as a high-pressure limit in the ISU model, into pressure-dependent rate expressions based on the previous reports (to yield the ISU+ model), for example, H₂(+M) → H + H(+M), but decomposition behavior remained poorly reproducible. To incorporate the pressure dependencies of unimolecular decomposition rate constants, and to increase the accuracies of these constants, we recalculated the rate constants of five unimolecular decomposition reactions of MTS using the Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus method at the CBS-QB3 level. These chemistries were added to the ISU+ model to yield the UT2014 model. The UT2014 model reproduced overall MTS decomposition. From the results of our model, we confirmed that MTS mainly decomposes into CH₃ and SiCl₃ at the temperature around 1000°C as reported in the several studies.