Absorption of sound at a surface exposed to flow and temperature gradients

In noise abatement using porous or fibrous materials, accurate determination of the surface impedance representing the absorber is decisive for simulation quality. The presence of grazing flow and non-homogeneous ambient temperature influence the reaction of the absorber and may suitably be included in a modified “effective” surface impedance. In this paper, this approach is applied to a generic case representative for the engine bay of a heavy truck, where porous shields suppress the radiated noise, e.g. during a pass-by noise test. The change in the absorption is determined numerically by solving the wave propagation through a layer of varying temperature and flow adjacent to the impedance surface for different angles of incidence. The study shows significant impact of both flow and temperature, especially for materials with low absorption. The diffuse field absorption coefficient is also derived and although the effect is less pronounced in this case, it is still important in lower frequencies and in the frequency range typical for IC engine noise. The proposed numerical method is shown to be accurate and efficient for determination of the effective impedance and moreover not limited to thin boundary layers.     

Anticancer Potencies of PtII‐ and PdII‐linked M2L4 Coordination Capsules with Improved Selectivity

Pt^II‐ and Pd^II‐linked M₂L₄ coordination capsules, providing a confined cavity encircled by polyaromatic frameworks, exhibit anticancer activities superior to cisplatin against two types of leukemic cells (HL‐60 and SKW‐3) and pronounced toxicity against cisplatin‐resistant cells (HL‐60/CDDP). Notably, the cytotoxic selectivities of the Pt^II and Pd^II capsules toward cancerous cells are up to 5.3‐fold higher than that of cisplatin, as estimated through the non‐malignant/malignant‐cells toxicity ratio employing normal kidney cells (HEK‐293). In addition, the anticancer activity of the coordination capsules can be easily altered upon encapsulation of organic guest molecules.     

A Tailor‐Made Synthetic Polymer for Cell Encapsulation: Design Rationale,Synthesis, Chemical–Physics and Biological Characterizations

This study presents a custom‐made in situ gelling polymeric precursor for cell encapsulation. Composed of poly((2‐hydroxyethyl)methacrylate‐co‐(3‐aminopropyl)methacrylamide) (P(HEMA‐co‐APM) mother backbone and RGD‐mimicking poly(amidoamine) (PAA) moiteis, the comb‐like structured polymeric precursor is tailored to gather the advantages of the two families of synthetic polymers, i.e., the good mechanical integrity of PHEMA‐based polymers and the biocompatibility and biodegradability of PAAs. The role of P(HEMA‐co‐APM) in the regulation of the chemico‐physical properties of P(HEMA‐co‐APM)/PAA hydrogels is thoroughly investigated. On the basis of obtained results, namely the capability of maintaining vital NIH3T3 cell line in vitro for 2 d in a 3D cell culture, the in vivo biocompatibility in murine model for 16 d, and the ability of finely tuning mechanical properties and degradation kinetics, it can be assessed that P(HEMA‐co‐APM)/PAAs offer a cost‐effective valid alternative to the so far studied natural polymer‐based systems for cell encapsulation.

     

基于Al_2O_3封装薄膜的OLED水汽透过率测试方法及系统研究

水汽透过率(WVTR)是衡量有机电致发光器件(OLED)封装薄膜性能的重要参数之一。本文研究了基于钙电学法的WVTR测试方法,设计并研制了可满足OLED水汽透过率测试精度和功能要求的测试系统,测试精度达1×10-6g·m-2·d-1,量程为10 g·m-2·d-1,可同时完成20个样品的快速、精确测量。利用本系统对采用原子层沉积技术制备的不同厚度Al2O3封装薄膜的WVTR进行了测试研究,结果表明,Al2O3薄膜具有良好的水汽阻挡性能。     

Thermosensitive copolymer networks modify gold nanoparticles for nanocomposite entrapment

The core-shell gold nanoparticles and copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) hybrids (Au@copolymer) were fabricated through surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on the surface of gold nanoparticles in 2-propanol/water mixed solvents. The surface of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles was first modified by a disulfide initiator for ATRP. The slight cross-linking polymerization between NIPAM and MBAA occurred on the gold surface and resulted in the formation of core-shell Au@copolymer nanostructures that were characterized by TEM, and FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopy. Such synthesized Au@copolymer hybrids possess clearly thermosensitive properties and exhibit "inspire" and "expire" water behavior in response to temperature changes in aqueous solution. Because of this property, we enable to trap and encapsulate smaller nanoparticles by using the free space of the copolymer-network scaffold anchored at the gold surface.     

钌卟啉/MCM-41催化剂的制备、表征及性质

应用３氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷对ＭＣＭ４１ 介孔分子筛进行了改性． 改性产物（ 记为ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ））具有较强的装载钌卟啉［Ｒｕ（ Ⅱ）Ｌ（ＣＯ）（ＥｔＯＨ）］ （Ｌ＝ ｍｅｓｏｔｅｔｒａｋｉｓ（４ｃｌｏｒｏｐｈｅｎｙｌ）ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒｉｎ） 的能力． 制备了裹载０－１％ ～８－３ ％ 钌卟啉的产物（ 记为Ｒｕ／ ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ）） ． 应用Ｘ 射线衍射、差热热失重分析和紫外可见光谱等方法对裹载产物进行了表征． 结果表明,钌卟啉在ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ） 孔道中是以单分子态存在,而不是以晶态存在． 装载后钌卟啉仍保持其基本结构,并且热稳定性增加． 轴向配体取代反应使钌卟啉固定在ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ） 孔道表面上． 低钌含量的Ｒｕ／ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ） 具有高催化活性,这是有效的位置分离和扩散孔道通畅的结果． 以０－１ ％ Ｒｕ／ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ） 和自由的钌卟啉为催化剂进行的６ 种烯烃的氧化反应结果表明,前者的催化转换数是后者的２０ ～４０倍．Ｒｕ／ ＭＣＭ４１（ｍ） 催化剂具有特殊的形状选择性,较长的寿命, 并且容易过滤回收．     

Corrosion inhibited metal pigments

Flake-shaped particles of aluminium are well known in the coatings and printing ink industry as “silver bronze pigments”. For their use in waterborne coatings or outdoor applications, an effective corrosion protection of the highly reactive aluminium surfaces is required. The traditional stabilization techniques for aluminium pigments are based on the addition of corrosion inhibitors or on chromate passivation. This publication presents new developments in the encapsulation of metallic pigments that are based on modern sol-gel techniques. All products are heavy metal-free and provide excellent applicational properties.     

Encapsulation of α-Pinene in Delivery Systems Based on Liposomes and Cyclodextrins

The essential oil component α-pinene has multiple biological activities. However, its application is limited owing to its volatility, low aqueous solubility, and chemical instability. For the aim of improving its physicochemical properties, α-pinene was encapsulated in conventional liposomes (CLs) and drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes (DCLs). Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/α-pinene (HP-β-CD/α-pinene) inclusion complexes were prepared in aqueous solution, and the optimal solubilization of α-pinene occurred at HP-β-CD:α-pinene molar ratio of 7.5:1. The ethanol-injection method was applied to produce different formulations using saturated (Phospholipon 90H) or unsaturated (Lipoid S100) phospholipids in combination with cholesterol. The size, the phospholipid and cholesterol incorporation rates, the encapsulation efficiency (EE), and the loading rate (LR) of α-pinene were determined, and the storage stability of liposomes was assessed. The results showed that α-pinene was efficiently entrapped in CLs and DCLs with high EE values. Moreover, Lipoid S100 CLs displayed the highest LR (22.9 ± 2.2%) of α-pinene compared to the other formulations. Both carrier systems HP-β-CD/α-pinene inclusion complex and Lipoid S100 CLs presented a gradual release of α-pinene. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of α-pinene was maintained upon encapsulation in Lipoid S100 CLs. Finally, it was found that all formulations were stable after three months of storage at 4 °C.     

The Effect of Wall Material Type on the Encapsulation Efficiency and Oxidative Stability of Fish Oils

Fish oil is the primary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, which are important nutrients that assist in the prevention and treatment of heart disease and have many health benefits. It also contains vitamins that are lipid-soluble, such as vitamins A and D. This work aimed to determine how the wall material composition influenced the encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of omega fish oils in spray-dried microcapsules. In this study, mackerel, sardine waste oil, and sand smelt fish oil were encapsulated in three different wall materials (whey protein, gum Arabic (AG), and maltodextrin) by conventional spray-drying. The effect of the different wall materials on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), flowability, and oxidative stability of encapsulated oils during storage at 4 °C was investigated. All three encapsulating agents provided a highly protective effect against the oxidative deterioration of the encapsulated oils. Whey protein was found to be the most effective encapsulated agent comparing to gum Arabic and maltodextrin. The results indicated that whey protein recorded the highest encapsulation efficiency compared to the gum Arabic and maltodextrin in all encapsulated samples with EE of 71.71%, 68.61%, and 64.71% for sand smelt, mackerel, and sardine oil, respectively. Unencapsulated fish oil samples (control) recorded peroxide values (PV) of 33.19, 40.64, and 47.76 meq/kg oil for sand smelt, mackerel, and sardine oils after 35 days of storage, while all the encapsulated samples showed PV less than 10 in the same storage period. It could be concluded that all the encapsulating agents provided a protective effect to the encapsulated fish oil and elongated the shelf life of it comparing to the untreated oil sample (control). The results suggest that encapsulation of fish oil is beneficial for its oxidative stability and its uses in the production of functional foods.