利用电压敏感荧光染料测定贝体中的麻痹性贝毒

麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poisoning, PSP)是分布最广、危害最大的赤潮毒素,可阻断钠离子通道从而抑制动作电位的形成导致动物体中毒。以膀胱癌移行细胞T24为实验材料,采用电压敏感荧光染料bis-oxonol,根据PSP毒素GTX2,3对藜芦定诱导细胞去极化的抑制作用,建立了一种麻痹性贝毒电压敏感荧光染料检测法。实验结果显示,在2～100 ng·mL-1范围内,PSP毒素GTX2,3可显著改变培养体系的荧光强度,GTX浓度与荧光强度之间存在很好的线性关系。市售贝类PSP毒素检测结果表明,此方法测定结果与小鼠法基本一致,但灵敏度更高,说明根据GTX浓度与荧光强度之间的线性关系可实现对样品中PSP毒素的快速检测。利用电压敏感荧光染料测定贝体中的麻痹性贝毒是一种非常有潜力的贝毒快速筛查方法。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定贝类中22种农药残留

建立了高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时测定贝类中22种农药残留的分析方法。样品经含0.1%（v/v）甲酸的乙腈提取，N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）和石墨化碳黑（GCB）净化，然后采用ACE UltraCore 2.5 SuperC18柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，2.5 μm）分离，以甲醇-0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱，流速为0.4 mL/min，柱温为35 ℃，然后以电喷雾电离（ESI）源，在多反应监测（MRM）、正离子模式下，采用三重四极杆质谱检测。22种农药在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.997，检出限为0.1~0.3 μg/kg，定量限为0.3~1.0 μg/kg。在3个添加水平下，22种农药的平均回收率为65.2%~109.4%，相对标准偏差为1.3%~15.2%（n=6）。该方法操作简单，快速，准确度高，灵敏度高，可用于贝类中22种农药残留的同时检测。     

一种检测麻痹性贝毒的高效液相色谱法

提出了一种利用高效液相色谱法同时分析麻痹性贝毒GTX组分和NEO/dcSTX/STX组分的方法。本法仅使用了一种缓冲溶液作为流动相,在InertsilC8-3色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)上,采用梯度改变乙腈在流动相中的比例和流速,一次进样可同时定性及定量待测试样中的上述全部毒素组分。该缓冲溶液为9.0mmol/L磷酸铵缓冲溶液(pH=7.2),含有2.8mmol/L的庚烷磺酸钠。色谱分离过程首先以纯水相缓冲溶液进行等度洗脱,在16.5~19min向流动相中梯度加入1.5%的乙腈,加速GTX3和GCX2的洗脱,以避免GTX2的色谱峰与乙腈的溶剂峰重叠,随后从19min开始加大流动相中乙腈的比例为8.5%,以缩短边缘组分的保留时间。荧光检测器的激发波长和发射波长分别设为330nm和390nm。用本方法分析染毒的华贵栉孔扇贝和近江牡蛎,证实了本方法对PSP毒素具有良好的分析测定效果。     

Analysis of the characteristic PSP profiles ofPyrodinium bahamense and several strains ofAlexandrium by HPLC based on ion-pair chromatographic separation, post-column oxidation, and fluorescence detection

Summary A sensitive HPLC method for determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) based on ion-pair chromatographic separation of PSP toxins, post-column oxidation with periodic acid, and fluorescence detection has been used to determine toxin profiles ofPyrodinium bahamense and several strains ofAlexandrium. The HPLC chromatograms revealed clear differences betweenPyrodinium bahamense andAlexandrium strains. Presented at the 21^st ISC held in Stuttgart, Germany, 15^th–20^th September, 1996.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定贝类中大田软海绵酸、鳍藻毒素、蛤毒素和虾夷扇贝毒素

建立了同时测定贝类中大田软海绵酸(okadaic acid, OA)及其衍生物鳍藻毒素(dinophysistoxin-1, DTX-1)、蛤毒素(pectenotoxin-2, PTX-2)和虾夷扇贝毒素(yessotoxin, YTX)的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。样品经甲醇提取,固相萃取柱净化,C18色谱柱分离,经含甲酸和甲酸铵的乙腈-水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,选择反应监测(SRM)模式检测,正、负离子切换扫描,基质标准校正,外标法定量。结果表明,OA、DTX-1和YTX的线性范围为2.0～200.0 μg/L,定量限(以信噪比(S/N)≥10计)为1.0 μg/kg; PTX-2的线性范围为1.0～100.0 μg/L,定量限为0.5 μg/kg;几种化合物的添加平均回收率为83.1%～105.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.16%～9.29%。成功应用本法对黄海灵山湾海域采集的贝类样品进行了分析,发现部分样品中含有大田软海绵酸、鳍藻毒素、蛤毒素和虾夷扇贝毒素。     

麻痹性贝类毒素标准样品的研制

将麻痹性贝类毒素阳性的新鲜扇贝去壳后取贝肉,经过匀浆,冷冻干燥等步骤制备成冻干粉,然后进行均匀性和稳定性检验,结果表明,制备后的样品均匀,稳定,满足标准样品的要求。以多家实验室定值的方式对该标准样品进行定值,定值结果为（589±42）MU／g（k=-2）。该标准样品可用于麻痹性贝类毒素检测过程的方法验证与质量控制。     

Quantification of domoic acid in shellfish tissues by pressurized capillary electrochromatography

A method was developed to quantify domoic acid (DA), the chemical responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), by pressurized CEC (pCEC). The effect of different experimental conditions on the separation of DA and matrix solutes, such as the content of ACN in mobile phase, pH and concentration of buffer, supplementary pressure and applied voltage, were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the pCEC method separated DA from shellfish matrices within 6 min. By using supplementary pressure, bubble formation in the capillary column was completely suppressed. The method was repeatable, sufficient accurate and sensitive for rapid screening of DA in shell seafood.     

养虾废水经贝类滤食净化后池塘主要水环境因子的变化分析

2001-2002年浙江省宁海县采用封闭式内循环养殖模式养殖南美白对虾，每公顷对虾养殖产量达到12090kg，取得了显著的经济效益，为对虾的成功养殖开辟了一条有效途径．该模式在对虾养殖过程中会产生大量的养殖废水，而养殖废水主要是富营养化问题．结合养殖新模式的运行，从COD、磷酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、氨氮和悬浮物几项理化因子指标的变化情况，对贝类的净化能力作出分析评价，为海水围塘虾贝的综合养殖提供理论依据．     

液相色谱-高分辨质谱测定贝类中的4种贝毒素及16种兽药残留

建立了贝类组织中米氏裸甲藻贝毒素(Gymnodimine,GYM)、螺环内酯毒素(Spirolides,SPX1)、大田软骨酸贝毒素(Okadaic acid,OA-C)、蛤毒素(Pectenotoxins,PTX2)4种腹泻性贝类毒素、氯霉素、氟甲砜霉素以及14种磺胺类药物的液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析方法。样品采用甲醇提取,正己烷去除脂肪,乙酸乙酯反萃取,ODS粉分散固相萃取净化,经Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(3.0 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,高分辨质谱仪进行检测。结果表明,各化合物在一定的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99。GYM,SPX1,OA-C,PTX2 4种腹泻性贝类毒素的定量下限分别为0.5,0.1,2.0,0.5μg/kg,各化合物在低、中、高3个浓度加标水平下的回收率为70.1%~105.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为10.1%~14.8%。该方法具有简单、快速、灵敏等特点,能满足贝类产品中贝类毒素、抗生素的检测要求。     

Pretreatment procedure for selenium speciation in shellfish using high‐performance liquid chromatography–microwave‐assisted digestion–hydride generation‐atomic fluorescence spectrometry

A pretreatment procedure based on an enzymatic hydrolysis extraction followed by a two‐step clean‐up has been performed for selenium speciation in shellfish samples. Bivalve samples were extracted with protease XIV, lipase VII and protease VIII. By using a protease VIII–lipase VII mixture, quantitative recoveries were obtained for all the selenium species, except for selenocystine (59%). Owing to the complexity of the matrix, clean‐up procedures were required to remove interferents that affected the chromatographic separation. The extracts were first partitioned in dichloromethane and then passed through a column with aminopropylsilane. Speciation of selenocystine, selenomethionine, selenoethionine, selenite and selenate was obtained using a high‐performance liquid chromatography–microwave‐assisted digestion–hydride generation‐atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupling. The chromatographic system consisted of an anion exchange and a reversed‐phase column, both connected through a six‐port switching valve. On‐line microwave‐assisted digestion and hydride generation steps were performed prior to atomic fluorescence detection. The method was applied to clam and prawn samples collected from the southwest coast of Spain. Copyright­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.