基于相转移技术的劣质食用油快速可视化检测方法

近年来,劣质油流入成品食用油市场引起的地沟油事件,导致了严重的食品安全隐患和社会负面反响.本研究结合可视化和相转移技术,建立了以铜离子和聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵（PDDA）修饰的阳离子纳米金为探针的两种简单、准确、灵敏的劣质食用油现场快速检测方法.结果表明,两种方法均可检测到合格食用油中掺入2.8%的劣质油含量,大于5%掺入量可明确测定.将上述方法分别应用于共235个样品的盲测,结果显示,总准确率达95.7%.本工作为劣质食用油的快速现场检测提供了有益的参考方法.     

Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of durum wheat contamination or adulteration

In this work, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization (UPLC‐ESI)‐MS/MS methodology based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for the selective and sensitive detection and quantification of durum wheat adulteration has been developed and fully validated. The targeted analysis was performed by monitoring specific transitions at m/z 543.7 > 657.4 and m/z 543.7 > 299.2 of a species‐specific marker derived from a tryptic peptide of puroindoline a (Pin‐a), a cysteine‐rich protein selectively present only in common wheat. In addition, two transitions at m/z 500.4 > 725.4 and m/z 500.4 > 561.9 of a reference peptide belonging to purothionin A‐1, present in both species, were also monitored. The calibration curves obtained on binary mixtures with known percentages of common/durum wheat flours showed linearity (coefficient of regression, r ≥ 0.99) over concentrations that ranged between 80 and 1%. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Pin‐a marker in wheat flours were 0.01 and 0.03%, respectively. The identified Pin‐a marker was also found to be highly diagnostic for the quantification of common wheat in raw materials (kernels) and processed products (pasta), thus offering new opportunities to assess food authenticity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection of Beef Body Fat and Margarine in Butterfat by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

In this study differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting and crystallization curves of butterfat, beef body fat (BBF) and margarine were formed by cooling gradually from 70 to –40°C. Then margarine and BBF were added to butterfat at the rates of 5, 10 and 20% in order to investigate their curves. When BBF or margarine was added to butterfat, 1. and 2. peak areas increased in crystallization curves of butterfat with 2. peak being more discernible. Results obtained show that DSC technique could be used in order to determine adulteration of butterfat. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

LaSrCo_(0.9)B'_(0.1)O_4复合氧化物制备、氧化性能及表征

采用聚丙烯酰胺法制备了类钙钛矿LaSrCo0.9B'0.1O4系列复合氧化物(B'=Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu)和LaSrCoO4,并考察了对CO和C3H8催化氧化反应的活性,运用XRD、BET、TEM、TPD等方法对LaSrCo0.9Ni0.1O4、LaSrCoO4进行了表征.结果表明,LaSrCo0.9Ni0.1O4和LaSrCoO4都为四方K2NiF4型纳米材料.Ni的掺入提高了LaSrCoO4的催化活性、O的吸附量和晶格畸变率,降低了平均晶粒度.     

基于高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱的寡糖轮廓分析用于蜂蜜中淀粉糖浆的掺假鉴别研究

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨率质谱(HPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS)建立了寡糖轮廓分析的方法。通过对纯天然蜂蜜和淀粉类糖浆中的麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖、麦芽五糖、麦芽六糖和麦芽七糖进行定性定量分析,发现淀粉类糖浆中含有未被酶解完全的微量麦芽类寡糖,且麦芽七糖在所有检测样本中干扰小,对结果的定量无影响,而其他寡糖类物质的定性和定量结果会存在干扰。最终选择麦芽七糖作为蜂蜜中掺入淀粉糖浆的典型标志物。在实际样品分析中,根据麦芽七糖的保留时间和离子对的相对丰度比可以定性判断蜂蜜中是否掺有淀粉糖浆;通过标准曲线法可以定量测定样液中麦芽七糖的含量。在20,50,100 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,麦芽七糖的平均回收率为75%~82%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为3.1%~6.7%,方法检出限为0.1μg/m L。应用该方法可在10 min内完成整个分析过程,且样品前处理简单,结果可靠,灵敏度高,可用于纯天然蜂蜜中掺入淀粉糖浆的快速确证和检测。     

The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices

Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.     

MIP-SERS技术快速检测中药中非法添加的茶碱

建立了分子印迹技术(MIP)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用对中药中非法添加的茶碱成分快速检测的方法。基于沉淀聚合方法合成MIP微球,对复杂中药基质中的茶碱进行简单分离,采用SERS对MIP中吸附的茶碱进行定性检测。实验利用SEM,FT-IR对MIP结构表征,考察了MIP的热力学、动力学和选择性吸附能力,以及掺杂成分的检出限。结果表明,MIP比NIP对茶碱具有更好的特异性吸附和选择性,该方法对茶碱的检出限低至0.1μg/L。方法用于5种止咳平喘类中药的检测,其中1种中药检出非法添加了茶碱成分。该法灵敏度高,特异性强,无需前处理,简单快速,实现了掺伪中药中茶碱的快速检测,有望进一步应用于其他复杂基质体系。     

A Novel and Reusable Electrochemical Genosensor for Detection of Beef Adulteration

This work describes the construction of a genosensor based on a graphite electrode modified with an reduced graphene oxide/poly(3-hidroxybenzoic acid) nanocomposite with an specific DNA oligonucleotide for detection of cattle mitochondrial DNA, in order to certify beef purity. Electrochemical and morphological analyses indicate that the genosensor allows duplex formation with the DNA of pure sample of beef lysate. The genosensor was selective, identifying up to 1 % (w/w) of pork in beef samples, showing good reproducibility and stability within six weeks of storage, and can be reused four times, being a great tool for the evaluation of beef purity, with application in the meat production and marketing chain.     

供应商掺假行为的博弈分析与机制选择

供应商掺假行为会影响产品最终的质量与安全。本文研究由一个供应商和一个买方组成的分散式供应链,建立以买方为领导者的Stackelberg博弈模型,比较研究延期付款机制、检查机制与溯源机制对供应商掺假行为的影响。研究表明,检查机制与溯源机制无法完全阻止供应商的掺假行为,而延期付款机制可以实现对供应商掺假行为的完全遏制,其中生产掺假产品与非掺假产品的成本差是影响三种机制效率的重要因素。此外,增加买方产品责任成本可以有效降低供应商的掺假意愿,而供应商与买方的融资利率差会增加为防止供应商掺假行为的供应链成本,通过降低检查成本与溯源成本可以促使买方更好地遏制供应商的掺假行为。最后给出算例验证了上述结论,并进一步分析了各机制中不同参数对最优决策和利润的影响。     

Ba~1~-~1~.~5~yLa~ySn~xTi~1~-~xO~3固溶体的合成、结构与性能

用软化学合成方法,在100^oC以下制备了一系列Ba~1~-~1~.~5~yLa~ySn~xTi~1~-~xO~3固溶体纳米粉末,XRD物相分析和d间距-组成图证明,产品为完全互溶取代固溶体.TEM观察,粒子为均匀球形,平均粒径70nm.通过制陶实验,分别测定了该系列固溶体的室温介电常数,结果发现,用化学方法在BaTiO~3中掺入适量锡和镧,引起T~c降低,当x=0.2,y=0.08时,室温介电数高达28000,比BaTiO~3纯相提高20倍.