Atomic structure and collision dynamics with highly charged ions

The research progresses on the investigations of atomic structure and collision dynamics with highly charged ions based on the heavy ion storage rings and electron ion beam traps in recent 20 years are reviewed. The structure part covers test of quantum electrodynamics and electron correlation in strong Coulomb field studied through dielectronic recombination spectroscopy and VUV/x-ray spectroscopy. The collision dynamics part includes charge exchange dynamics in ion-atom collisions mainly in Bohr velocity region, ion-induced fragmentation mechanisms of molecules, hydrogen-bound and van de Waals bound clusters, interference, and phase information observed in ion-atom/molecule collisions. With this achievements, two aspects of theoretical studies related to low energy and relativistic energy collisions are presented. The applications of data relevant to key atomic processes like dielectronic recombination and charge exchanges involving highly charged ions are discussed. At the end of this review, some future prospects of research related to highly charged ions are proposed.     

近红外光谱和人工神经网络的金苦荞氨基酸快速测定

荞麦籽粒中富含谷类作物比较缺乏的赖氨酸,使其不同于其他作物,具有较高经济价值。传统氨基酸测定费时且昂贵,为满足金苦荞育种工作的需要,选用近红外光谱技术结合人工神经网络的算法建立快速检测金苦荞叶片中氨基酸含量的近红外模型。使用氨基酸含量差异较大的样品255个,扫描光谱后测定其化学值。研究发现样品苏氨酸(Thr)含量范围是5.307~14.374 mg·g-1;缬氨酸(Val)含量范围是6.137~16.204 mg·g-1;甲硫氨酸(Met)含量范围是0.308~3.049 mg·g-1;异亮氨酸(Ile)含量范围是5.259~14.134 mg·g-1;亮氨酸(Leu)含量范围是9.730~26.061 mg·g-1;苯丙氨酸(Phe)含量范围是5.936~17.223 mg·g-1;赖氨酸(Lys)含量范围是6.640~17.280 mg·g-1;谷氨酸(Glu)含量范围是10.984~27.740 mg·g-1;天冬氨酸(Asp)含量范围是6.437~17.280 mg·g-1;丝氨酸(Ser)含量范围是3.467~8.312 mg·g-1;精氨酸(Arg)含量范围是4.937~14.772 mg·g-1;丙氨酸(Ala)含量范围是3.329~6.885 mg·g-1;组氨酸(His)含量范围是1.946~4.798 mg·g-1;甘氨酸(Gly)含量范围是4.196~9.264 mg·g-1;脯氨酸(Pro)含量范围是1.024~5.672 mg·g-1;酪氨酸(Tyr)含量范围是0.176~1.173 mg·g-1;半胱氨酸(Cys)含量范围是0.422~1.926 mg·g-1。每次随机选取50个样品建设模型,以4∶1的比例随机分为训练集和测试集。数据进行归一化处理后,使用神经网络结构1102-9-1进行模型建设。利用多次学习的方式建立了较优模型,其中Arg和Asp近红外模型的仿真测试结果最好,预测值与真实值的相关系数(R2)均大于0.97,平均相对误差(RSD)也小于10%;另外Leu,Val,Tyr,Ile,Ser,Ala,Thr,His,Phe,Gly和Lys模型的R2均大于0.90,模型仿真测试数据的RSD小于10%,模型均可用;Met与Cys的模型进行仿真测试时,其预测值与真实值的R2均大于0.78,但RSD大于10%,模型不可用。结果表明,金苦荞叶片的氨基酸含量高,有极高应用价值,近红外光谱技术结合人工神经网络的分析方法可应用于金苦荞氨基酸含量的预测,为高品质荞麦育种工作提供了便利。     

AUFS 格式在无网格方法中的应用简

将计算量小,激波分辨率高的AUFS (artificially upstream flux vector splitting) 格式应用于无网格方法. 所发展算法基于多项式基函数最小二乘无网格方法,采用线性基函数曲面拟合及AUFS 格式计算各离散点的空间导数,应用四阶Runge-Kutta 法进行时间显式推进. 为验证算法健壮性、精度以及计算效率,对Riemann 问题、超音速平面流动,以及不同攻角NACA0012 翼型跨音速流场进行了数值模拟,其结果同采用HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer-contact) 格式的无网格方法以及文献报道结果吻合较好,并且计算量较形式简单HLLC 格式减少约15%.     

拟线性双曲方程类Wilson非协调元的高精度分析

主要研究类Wilson元对拟线性双曲方程的逼近.首先证明了当问题的解u∈H~3(Ω)或u∈H~4(Ω)时,u与其双线性插值之差的梯度与类Wilson元空间任意元素的梯度,在分片意义下的内积可以达到O(h~2)这一重要结论.其次运用能量模意义下该元的非协调误差可以分别达到O(h~2)/O(h~3),即比插值误差高一阶/二阶这一性质,并利用对时间t的导数转移技巧,结合双线性元的高精度结果及插值后处理技术,获得了O(h~2)阶的超逼近性和整体超收敛性,从而进一步拓广了该元的应用范围.     

对流扩散方程的稳定化流线扩散法最小二乘非协调有限元分析

将最小二乘法和稳定化的流线扩散法相结合,研究了对流扩散方程的非协调有限元格式,用矩形EQ_1~(rot)元和零阶R-T元分别来逼近位移和应力,利用单元本身的特殊性质,证明了离散格式解的存在惟一性,得到了位移H~1-模和应力H(div)-模的最优误差估计.     

Ga掺杂对ZnO纳米结构可见光发射的抑制效应

采用碳热还原反应和原位掺杂的方法制备了不同Ga掺杂浓度的ZnO纳米结构. X射线衍射 显示掺杂纳米结构中为单一的氧化锌纤锌矿结构. 扫描电子显微镜 观测发现随掺杂浓度的增大, 纳米结构的形貌逐渐从纳米六棱柱变为纳米锥.光致发光 和X射线光电子能谱 测量分别发现随着掺杂浓度升高, 纳米结构的可见发光强度和其中空位 氧峰相对强度逐渐减小直至消失, 两者存在很强的相关性. 上述结果为ZnO可见光发射的氧空位机理提供了新的实验证据. 对Ga掺杂抑制纳米结构中氧空位的原因进行了分析.     

土木工程结构健康监测系统的研究状况与进展

土木工程结构健康监测的研究是近年来国际学术研究的热点问题之一,涉及许多不同的研究领域,如数据采集系统、信号处理、结构分析等.阐述了实施土木工程结构健康监测的必要性和迫切性,介绍了结构健康监测系统的概念、组成及其应用,分析研究了结构健康监测系统的各个子系统的功能、特点和实现方法,重点讨论了实现各子系统的理论、方法和存在的若干力学问题,论述了结构健康监测在国内外土木工程领域的应用状况,最后对结构健康监测领域的几个重要问题做了展望.      

Exact solution of phantom dark energy model

We investigate the phantom dark energy model derived from the scalar field with a negative kinetic term.By assuming a particular relation between the time derivative of the phantom field and the Hubble function,an exact solution of the model is constructed.Absence of the ’big rip’ singularity is shown explicitly.We then derive special features of phantom dark energy model and show that its predictions are consistent with all astrophysical observations.     

摩擦阻力与软笔书法入门

1 书法教学之玄处书法入门往往从点画开始,有了笔画之基础奢望字型的间架结构和布局规律.但不管是名师如何把关指点还是学生怎样勤奋,各动作到位,例如,逆推,翻转,顺按,转峰等.全按要求做,挑不出毛病,总有部分入门者,做出来的笔画是软软的.老师称之为不实,无力.学生发问,何以为实,何以有力,则告之应稳键涩行,又问何以涩行,则告之,只可意会不能言传、由学生凭悟性自悟,何以悟法则无法,遂成教之悟处,学之玄处.     

ANALYSIS OF LASING PERFORMANCES OF Yb3+-DOPED YAG, FAP, KYW CRYSTALS

The Yb³⁺ laser emitting at a 1.03μm wavelength has been evoking strong interest recently due to its advantages of long fluorescence lifetime, broad absorption band and the fact that it never shows concentration quenching. On the other hand, as a laser of three-level system it has, in general, a relatively high threshold power, which makes it important to seek some suitable host crystals to reduce this. Here, we present a comparison of the lasing performances of Yb³⁺-doped YAG [Y₃Al₅O₁₂], FAP [Ca₅(PO₄)₃F] and KYW [KY(WO₄)₂] crystals, including threshold power and slope efficiency, with those of the Nd:YAG laser based on the threshold formula of three-and four-level systems deduced by the authors. The results show that the Yb³⁺ laser can output a power larger than the Nd:YAG laser does in the case of comparably higher pumping power, if the length of the lasing rod and the concentration of the active ions satisfy some conditions. The theoretical results are also close to the experimental results reported.