混合溶剂热合成BaFBr∶Eu~(2+)微纳米晶及其性能表征

通过水和乙醇的混合溶剂热方法制备了不同形貌和粒径的BaFBr∶Eu2+微纳米晶.研究了不同反应条件对产物的影响,初步提出了产物的形成机制.用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD),荧光光谱(PL)对BaFBr∶Eu2+进行了表征.结果表明:反应温度、时间及十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)用量对产物物相、形貌及粒径有显著影响;制备的BaFBr∶Eu2+经退火后有优越的发光性能:用280nm光激发,在390nm处有对应于Eu2+4f65d12(t2g)→4f78(S7/2)跃迁的强发射峰,是计算机辐射成像板(Imaging Plate)中X射线存储荧光粉潜在可应用材料,本文为优质高效X射线存储荧光材料的可控制备提供了简洁的路径.     

晕核6He（25 MeV/u）在9Be上的破裂反应

25 MeV/u 6He+9Be反应的实验中利用多个探测器望远镜对反应产物进行了测量, 对实验中各个角度测量到的4He进行观察, 将其中两个有高能峰成分的探测器划分成三部分, 得到不同角度4He的单举能谱和破裂产生4He的微分截面. Different products of 6He nuclei from 9Be target has been measured with a 6He beam at energy of 25 MeV/u. The energy spectra at different angles for 4He isotope were analyzed and the experiment differential cross sections for the direct breakup reaction were obtained.     

Characteristics of a 4-fold segmented clover detectore

Four high-purity germanium 4-fold segmented Clover detectors have been applied in the experiment of neutron-rich nucleus 21N. The performance of those four Clovers have been tested with radioactive sources and in-beam experiments, and the main results including energy resolution, peak-to-total ratios, the variation of the hit pattern distribution in different crystals of one Clover detector with the energy of γ ray, and absolute full energy peak detection effciency curve, were presented.     

Preparations for the study on the cluster structure of 16C

In order to look for a proposed cluster structure of ¹⁶C, simulation work was made. The simulation of the reaction dynamics give the resolution of the excitation energy on ¹⁶C which was reconstructed prior to breakup. The excitation energy resolution is typically ~200 keV at 2 MeV above the two body decay threshold for ¹⁶C→¹²Be+⁴He. Moreover,some performances of detectors tested using ²⁴¹Am α source are also reported.     

Evolutionary Self-Questioning Games with Local Contribution

We investigate the evolutionary Prisoner＇s Dilemma and the Snowdrift Game on small-world networks in a realistic social context where individuals consider their local contributions to their group and update their strategies by self-questioning. An individual with introspection can determine whether its current strategy is superior by playing a virtual round of the game and its local contribution is defined as the sum of all the payoffs its neighbors collect against it. In our model, the performance of an individual is determined by both its payoff and local contribution through a linear combination. We demonstrate that the present mechanism can produce very robust cooperative behavior in both games. Furthermore, we provide theoretical analysis based on mean-field approximation, and find that the analytical predictions are qualitatively consistent with the simulation results.     

Adaptive synchronization of Rossler and Chen chaotic systems

A novel adaptive synchronization method is proposed for two identical Rossler and Chen systems with uncertain parameters. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, we derive an adaptive controller without the knowledge of the system parameters, which can make the states of two identical Rossler and Chen systems globally asymptotically synchronized. Especially, when some unknown uncertain parameters are positive, we can make the controller more simple and, besides, the controller is independent of those positive uncertain parameters. All results are proved using a well-known Lyapunov stability theorem. Numerical simulations are given to validate the proposed synchronization approach.     

沉淀法制备Bi2O3的晶相转变过程及其光催化性能

以硝酸铋为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,通过液相沉淀法制得前驱体Bi(OH)₃,并将Bi(OH)₃分别在不同温度和时间下焙烧。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、热重(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)详细研究了Bi(OH)₃转变为Bi₂O₃的过程及相变过程中粒子形貌、大小、光吸收性质等。结果表明,前驱体Bi(OH)₃经过焙烧之后,发生了如下的转变过程:Bi(OH)₃→Bi₅O₇NO₃→β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₅O₇NO₃→β-Bi₂O₃/Bi₅O₇NO₃/α-Bi₂O₃→α-Bi₂O₃,而且转变过程伴随着粒子长大。在上述转变过程中,与Bi₅O₇NO₃向β-Bi₂O₃转变的过程相比,从β-Bi₂O₃到α-Bi₂O₃相变过程更为迅速。此外,以光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)为模型反应,考察了不同晶相的Bi₂O₃光催化活性,结果表明Bi₅O₇NO₃和β-Bi₂O₃材料具有优异的光催化性能,而α-Bi₂O₃具有较低的光催化活性。     

散射在太赫兹吸收谱定量分析中的应用研究

基于太赫兹光谱的物质成分定量分析是太赫兹技术重要的应用方向之一。但是当太赫兹波入射样品时,会与样品颗粒在微观尺度下发生散射效应,造成太赫兹波强度的衰减。因此实验测得的样品的太赫兹吸收谱主要由两部分组成,即样品本身对太赫兹波的吸收以及由散射效应造成的衰减。尤其是当样品的颗粒尺寸与太赫兹波的波长接近或可相比拟时,散射效应更为明显。在以往的太赫兹定量分析领域,往往仅考虑了Lambert-Beer定律,即物质对光的吸收与其浓度成线性变化的关系,而忽视了散射效应的作用,导致定量分析的准确度受到了限制。在对混合物样品的太赫兹波段散射效应进行分析的基础上,采用类比的方法,提出了混合物的太赫兹吸收谱模型,并通过一系列定量分析实验验证了该模型的有效性。在对多组混合物样品的定量分析实验中,定量分析误差普遍小于3%,较之仅考虑Lambert-Beer定律而言准确度得到了大幅提高,表明研究散射效应对提高太赫兹定量分析的准确度具有重要作用。     

Payoff-based accumulative effect promotes cooperation in spatial prisoner’s dilemma

We study the effect of accumulative payoff on the evolution of cooperation in the evolutionary prisoner’s dilemma on a square lattice. We introduce a decaying factor for the accumulative payoff, which characterizes the extent that the historical payoff is accumulated. It is shown that for fixed values of the temptation to defect, the density of cooperators increases with the value of the decaying factor. This indicates that the more the historical payoff is involved, the more favourable cooperators become. In the critical region where the cooperator density converges to zero, cooperators vanish according to a power-law-like behaviour. The associated exponents agree approximately with the two-dimensional directed percolation and depend weakly on the value of the decaying factor.     

通过中高能碎裂反应研究奇异核的结构

绍了中高能放射性核素碎裂反应实验的主要物理机制, 相应的实验探测装置, 以及从中可得到的放射性核素结构的信息, 提出可能的发展, 力求为兰州CSR上的外靶物理实验提供参考。 The main mechanism of radioactive nucleus reaction at intermediate and high energy as well as the corresponding experiment equipment are introduced. The structure information of the radioactive nucleus can be extracted from the experiments. At last, the possible experiments are proposed for the external target experiment at CSR of Lanzhou.