GaSe：AgGaSe_2晶体的光学性能及应用（英文）

从GaSe∶AgGaSe₂熔体(质量掺杂浓度为10%)中生长的非线性光学晶体ε-GaSe∶Ag晶体(质量掺杂浓度≤0.04%)是一种非中心对称晶体,可用于相位匹配频率转换。Ag的掺入使GaSe晶体的显微硬度提高了30%,从而使其可以在任意方向上进行切割和抛光。本文研究了GaSe∶AgGaSe₂晶体在可见、中红外及太赫兹波段的光学性能。实验证明:GaSe∶AgGaSe₂晶体的吸收系数是纯GaSe晶体的2倍,其CO₂激光倍频效率是ZnGeP₂晶体的1.7倍。     

驻波的能量分析与MATLAB模拟

分析了驻波能量、能量密度、能流密度在传播过程中的转换规律.用Matlab程序实现了驻波波形、能量密度、能流密度的计算机模拟,形象地展现了驻波传播过程中的能量变化,计算机模拟结果与理论分析所得结果一致.最后得到了在振动过程中驻波能量不断地从波节到波腹间相互转移,而从整体看驻波不传播任何能量的结论.     

二维配位聚合物[Cd(bix)2Cl2]n的合成、晶体结构与荧光性能研究

利用金属离子和多功能的有机配体的自组装过程构筑得到的金属-有机配位聚合物,由于具有丰富的拓扑结构及其在分子与离子交换、吸附、选择性催化、光电子、磁学性能、孔洞材料、非线性光学等领域具有潜在的应用价值而成为众多科学家研究的热点领域[1～10].文献已经报道了大量具有新型拓扑结构的化合物,如一维链状、梯形、铁轨型:二维正方形或长方形格子、双层结构、砖墙结构和蜂窝状结构:三维八面体和类八面体结构、金刚石结构等.     

Solution of general dynamic equation for nanoparticles in turbulent flow considering fluctuating coagulation

A new averaged general dynamic equation (GDE) for nanoparticles in the turbulent flow is derived by considering the combined effect of convection, Brownian diffusion, turbulent diffusion, turbulent coagulation, and fluctuating coagulation. The equation is solved with the Taylor-series expansion moment method in a turbulent pipe flow. The experiments are performed. The numerical results of particle size distribution correlate well with the experimental data. The results show that, for a turbulent nanoparticulate flow, a fluctuating coagulation term should be included in the averaged particle GDE. The larger the Schmidt number is and the lower the Reynolds number is, the smaller the value of ratio of particle diameter at the outlet to that at the inlet is. At the outlet, the particle number concentration increases from the near-wall region to the near-center region. The larger the Schmidt number is and the higher the Reynolds number is, the larger the difference in particle number concentration between the near-wall region and near-center region is. Particle polydispersity increases from the near-center region to the near-wall region. The particles with a smaller Schmidt number and the flow with a higher Reynolds number show a higher polydispersity. The degree of particle polydispersity is higher considering fluctuating coagulation than that without considering fluctuating coagulation.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定化妆品中的25种喹诺酮类药物

建立了直接提取结合液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱同时测定化妆品中丹诺沙星、恩诺沙星、氟甲喹、恶喹酸、环丙沙星、沙拉沙星、萘啶酸、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星等25种喹诺酮类药物的方法。样品经酸性乙腈提取和正己烷脱脂净化,采用Poroshell EC-C₁₈色谱柱分离,含0.1%甲酸的乙腈-水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾串联质谱正离子模式扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,外标法定量。实验通过空白基质液配制标准溶液,以降低基质对离子化干扰造成的基质效应,25种喹诺酮类药物在1~200 mg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)在0.999以上。方法的检出限为1.0 mg/kg,在1、5、10 mg/kg 3个加标水平下,水、乳、霜型化妆品中加标回收率为87.4%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.54%~19.7%(n=6)。结果表明,该方法简便、快速、准确,适用于化妆品中25种喹诺酮类药物的测定。     

半透射高光谱结合流形学习算法同时识别马铃薯内外部缺陷多项指标

针对马铃薯内外部缺陷多项指标难以同时识别的问题,提出了一种半透射高光谱成像技术采用流形学习降维算法与最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)相结合的方法,该方法可同时识别马铃薯内外部缺陷的多项指标。试验以315个马铃薯样本为研究对象,分别采集合格、外部缺陷(发芽和绿皮)和内部缺陷(空心)马铃薯样本的半透射高光谱图像,同时为了符合生产实际,将外部缺陷马铃薯的缺陷部位以正对、侧对和背对采集探头的随机放置方式进行高光谱图像采集。提取马铃薯样本高光谱图像的平均光谱(390~1 040 nm)进行光谱预处理,然后分别采用有监督局部线性嵌入(SLLE)、局部线性嵌入(LLE)和等距映射(Isomap)三种流形学习算法对预处理光谱进行降维,并分别建立基于纠错输出编码的最小二乘支持向量机(ECOC-LSSVM)多分类模型。通过分析和比较建模结果,确定SLLE为最优降维算法,SLLE-LSSVM为最优马铃薯内外部缺陷识别模型,该方法对测试集合格、发芽、绿皮和空心马铃薯样本的识别率分别达到96.83%,86.96%,86.96%和95%,混合识别率达到93.02%。试验结果表明：基于半透射高光谱成像技术结合SLLE-LSSVM的定性分析方法能够同时识别马铃薯内外部缺陷的多项指标,为马铃薯内外部缺陷的快速在线无损检测提供了技术参考。     

低成本富勒烯衍生物电子传输层在钙钛矿太阳能电池的应用

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention owing to their high absorption coefficient and ambipolar charge transport properties. With only several years of development, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has increased from 3.8% to 22.7%. In general, PSCs have two types of structural architecture: mesoporous and planar. The latter possesses higher potential for commercialization due to its simpler structure and fabrication process, especially the inverted planar structure, which possesses negligible hysteresis. In an inverted PSC, the electron transport materials (ETM) are deposited on a perovskite film. Only a few ETMs can be used for inverted PSCs as the perovskite film is easily damaged by the solvent used to dissolve the ETM. Furthermore, the energy levels of the ETM should be well aligned with that of the perovskites. Normally it is difficult to use inorganic ETMs as they require high temperatures for the annealing process to improve the electron conductivity; the perovskite film cannot sustain these high temperatures. To date, the fullerene derivative, [6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), is the most commonly used organic ETM for high efficiency inverted planar PSCs. However, the high manufacturing cost due to its complex synthesis retards the industrialization of the PSCs. Here, we introduce a fullerene pyrrolidine derivative, N-methyl-2-pentyl-[60]fullerene pyrrolidine (NMPFP), synthesized via the Prato reaction of C₆₀ directly with cheap hexanal and sarcosine. Then the NMPFP electron transport layer (ETL) was prepared by a simple solution process. The properties of the resulting NMPFP ETLs were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry measurements, atomic force microscopy, and conductivity test. From the results of the UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements, the LUMO level of NMPFP ETL was calculated to be 0.2 eV higher than that of the PCBM ETL. This contributes to a higher open-circuit photovoltage. In addition, the NMPFP film presented higher conductivity than the PCBM film. Thus, the photo-generated charge carriers in the perovskite films should be transported more efficiently to the NMPFP electron transport layer (ETL) than to the PCBM ETL. This was confirmed by the results of the steady-state photoluminescence spectroscopy. Finally, the NMPFP as an alternative low-cost ETL was employed in an inverted planar PSC to evaluate the device performance. The device made with the NMPFP ETL yielded an efficiency of 13.83% with negligible hysteresis, which is comparable to the PCBM counterpart devices. Moreover, since stability is another important parameter retarding the commercialization of PSCs, the stability of the PCBM and NMPFP base PSCs were investigated and compared. It was found that the NMPFP devices possessed significantly improved stability due to the higher hydrophobicity of the NMPFP. In conclusion, this research demonstrates that NMPFP is a promising ETL to replace PCBM for the industrialization of cheap, efficient and stable inverted planar PSCs.     

Enantioselective Addition of Allyltrichlorosilane to Bulky-substituted Aldehydes Catalyzed by Axial N,N'-Dioxide Pivalate

Allylation of bulky-substituted aromatic aldehydes with allyltrichlorosilanes were catalyzed by axial biscarboline N.N-dioxide esters with high enaiitioselectivities up to 92% e.e. for l-(4-chlorophenyl)-9-methyl-9Hpyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carbaldehyde and 90% e.e.for 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)-9-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carbaldehyde, respectively.Total 22 aldehydes were tested with good yields and enantioselectivities.Catalyst 4f exhibited good catalytic enantioselectivity.     

Applications of silica-based nanoparticles for multimodal bioimaging

Multimodal imaging, as an important approach to circumvent the limitations of single imaging modality, has attracted extensive attention in recent years. With the rapid development of nanotechnology and the ongoing efforts to improve their targeting capability and endow multiple imaging ability, nanoprobes are expected to play crucial roles in multimodal imaging through integrating different imaging moieties or molecules into a single nanoparticle, where silica has been used intensively as a carrier or a medium for the construction of the nanoprobes due to its preferable characteristics including good biocompatibility, long blood circulation time, and ease of modification. Based on the types of the silica used for the fabrication of nanoprobes, solid silica-based and mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles were developed for multimodal imaging. Herein, the newly developed silica-based nanoparticles as multimodal imaging agents for disease diagnosis and therapy in the last 5 years were summarized, along with their fabrication process, specific applications, and especially the role of the silica.     

新型电荷转移配合物的合成与表征

近年来有关多金属氧酸盐与有机化合物间电荷转移配合物的光化学和光致变色过程的研究日趋活跃［１,２］,但迄今这类电荷转移配合物中的多金属氧酸盐基本上为Ｌｉｎｄｑｕｉｓｔ结构的同多酸或Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的杂多酸,有机给体则基本上限于有机胺及其衍生物（如酰胺）...