毛细管区带电泳用于多种类兴奋剂的同时快速分离检测

建立了一种同时分离检测包括利尿剂、蛋白同化剂、β-阻断剂、麻醉剂、β2-激动剂、刺激剂等6类8种兴奋剂的毛细管区带电泳-紫外检测法。优化的色谱条件为：以50 mmol/L甲酸铵-氨水(pH 7.8)缓冲液为运行液,于3 kPa下进样10 s,分离电压为20 kV,检测波长为214 nm。在此条件下,8种兴奋剂在7 min内实现了快速的基线分离。在相应的浓度范围内,8种组分的浓度与峰高呈良好的线性关系,检出限达为0.2~0.7 μg/mL。该方法快速,分析成本低,无污染,非常适用于多种类兴奋剂的同时快速检测。     

兴奋剂检测中的化学衍生化方法

本文评述了兴奋剂检测中的各种化学衍生化方法,对蛋白同化激素、麻醉镇痛剂、β-阻断剂和利尿剂分别进行了讨论。这四类药物结构各不相同,但绝大多数属于高沸点、难挥发的极性化合物,不适于直接进行GC或GC/MS分析。通过化学衍生化.不仅可增大试样的挥发性和稳定性,减小样品的极性,使原来难以进行GC分析的试样转变成适合于色谱分析的试样,而且通过衍生化还可达到改善分离效果、提高检测灵敏度的目的。     

液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法对动物源基质中β2-受体激动剂的检测

β2-受体激动剂苯乙胺类药物(phenethylamines,PEAs)具有苯乙醇胺结构骨架,苯环上连接有碱性的β-羟胺侧链.目前使用的β2-受体激动剂已有30多种,我国禁止所有β2-受体激动剂用于养殖业.农业部235号公告<动物性食品中兽药最高残留限量>规定在所有食用动物的可食组织中不得检出此类药物.本文在已有方法的基础上进行了改进,利用Agilent 6410A串联四极杆质谱同时测定了11种β2-受体激动剂.实验结果表明该方法快速、简单、灵敏度高,可达到出口欧盟和日本的检测要求.     

高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱法测定尿液中β2-受体激动剂及β-受体阻断剂

建立了尿液中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-受体阻断剂的高效液相色谱-离子阱质谱(HPLC-IT-MS)测定方法。尿液样品采用冷冻高速离心沉淀蛋白,上清液过ExtrelutTM硅藻土柱,用乙酸乙酯洗脱后,洗脱液经旋转蒸发仪浓缩并复溶待测。HPLC分离采用AtlantisT3-150 mm色谱柱,以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,IT-MS采用电喷雾离子源在多反应离子监测模式下测定。定量分析选择9种经过氘代同位素标记的β2-受体激动剂为内标。各化合物的线性范围为0.005～0.16 mg/L,尿液中的检出限均能达到0.2 μg/L。空白尿液样品中不同加标水平的回收率为57.1%～127.1%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～31.1%。该方法简便快速,灵敏度高,适用于人或动物尿液中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-受体阻断剂的定性和定量分析。     

高效液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱法测定畜禽肌肉中β_2-受体激动剂及β-阻断剂类药物残留

利用高效液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱(HPLC-ITMS)以同位素稀释技术测定了肌肉组织中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-阻断剂.肌肉样品经5%的三氯乙酸溶液酸解提取,以弱阳离子固相萃取柱进行净化.以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相在液相色谱柱上梯度洗脱分离,采用ESI源正离子模式在选择离子监测(SRM)模式下进行扫描.以9种经氘代同位素标记的β2-受体激动剂为内标进行定量.猪肉中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-阻断剂的线性范围为5～200μg/L,相关系数(r)大于0.995,各化合物在肌肉中的检出限均能达到0.2μg/kg.以空白猪肉样品进行的加标水平为5、10、20μg/kg的加标回收试验,各化合物的回收率在47.3%～123.7%之间,相对标准偏差在3.2%～25.7%之间.对猪肉样品和鸡肉样品进行了测定,得到了满意的结果.该方法灵敏度高,定性准确,可以用于畜禽肌肉中β2-受体激动剂和β-阻断剂类药物残留的确证检测.     

液相色谱-三级质谱法分析尿液中β2-受体激动剂及β-受体阻断剂多组分残留

建立了SPE柱净化结合液相色谱-三级质谱测定尿液中12种β-受体激动剂和4种β-受体阻断剂的方法.尿液样品经冷冻离心,加人β-葡萄糖苷酸酶酶解后,以高氯酸沉淀蛋白,经HLB和MCX固相萃取柱净化.在Waters Atlantis(R)T3色谱柱上以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,采用ESI源正离子模式进行三...     

高效液相色谱-质谱法同时测定猪尿中克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺

克伦特罗和莱克多巴胺同属于β_2-肾上腺素受体激动剂(简称β_2-兴奋剂),能够改善动物养分的代谢途径,促进动物肌肉的合成,抑制脂肪合成的积累,因此常被不法分子添加于动物饲料或饮用水中,以提高胴体瘦肉率。由于其易在动物肝脏中积聚残留,并通过食物链进入人体。人类食用后,可能出现     

高效液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱法测定畜禽肌肉中β2-受体激动剂及β-阻断剂类药物残留

利用高效液相色谱-线性离子阱质谱（HPLC-ITMS）以同位素稀释技术测定了肌肉组织中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-阻断剂．肌肉样品经5％的三氯乙酸溶液酸解提取,以弱阳离子固相萃取柱进行净化．以甲醇和含0．1％甲酸的水溶液为流动相在液相色谱柱上梯度洗脱分离,采用ESI源正离子模式在选择离子监测（SRM）模式下进行扫描．以9种经氘代同位素标记的β2-受体激动剂为内标进行定量．猪肉中23种β2-受体激动剂及5种β-阻断剂的线性范围为5-200μg／L,相关系数（力大于0．995,各化合物在肌肉中的检出限均能达到0．2gg／kg．以空白猪肉样品进行的加标水平为5、10、20μg／kg的加标回收试验,各化合物的回收率在47．3％-123．7％之间,相对标准偏差在3．2％～25．7％之间．对猪肉样品和鸡肉样品进行了测定,得到了满意的结果．该方法灵敏度高,定性准确,可以用于畜禽肌肉中β2-受体激动剂和β-阻断剂类药物残留的确证检测．     

美雄酮甲醇溶液标准物质的定值及不确定度评定

针对目前食品中兴奋剂类药物检测的需求,研制了美雄酮甲醇溶液国家级标准物质.通过对经筛选的市售原料纯品进行液相色谱-质谱和红外光谱定性分析后,研究利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对美雄酮蛋白同化类固醇类兴奋剂原料进行纯度定值.利用HPLC在245nm监测,以水(含0.1%HAc)+乙腈=50+50...     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定动物源性食品和尿液中4种β-受体激动剂残留

建立了动物源性食品和尿液中4种β-受体激动剂克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇和特布他林的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。样品均质后,加入乙酸铵水溶液,采用β-葡萄糖醛酸酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解处理,过滤后,用OasisMCX固相萃取柱净化,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量。4种β-受体激动剂的检出限均为0.1μg/kg,定量下限为0.5μg/kg;在0.5、0.75和1.0μg/kg 3个浓度添加水平,总体平均回收率为86.7%~114.3%,总体相对标准偏差均在10%以内。本方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,重现性好,各项技术指标均满足国内外相关法规要求,可用于各种动物源性食品及尿液中4种β-受体激动剂残留的快速检测。     

Analysis of β-blockers and β2-agonists in environmental and biological samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

β-Blockers and β2-agonists are commonly prescribed for therapeutic treatments and are also administered to livestock, leading to their presence in both environmental and biological samples. Hence, the development of sensitive, rapid, and reliable analytical methods for the determination of β-blockers and β2-agonists in environmental and biological samples is important. In this study, MIL-101(Cr)-NH₂&GO-coated SiO₂/Fe₃O₄ magnetic particles were prepared as sorbents for magnetic solid-phase extraction and then combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of 20 β-blockers and eight β2-agonists. The experimental parameters of magnetic solid-phase extraction were studied in detail, and the optimal conditions were established. Under optimal conditions, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.002–0.007 μg/L with enrichment factors of 20.2–24.9. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of 20 β-blockers and eight β2-agonists in river water, human urine, and freeze-dried pork liver powder. Bisoprolol and salbutamol were detected at concentrations of 2.78 mg/L in human urine and 11.5 μg/kg in freeze-dried pork liver powder.     

Determination of β-Blockers in Bovine and Porcine Tissues and Bovine Milk by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The illicit use of β-blockers in food-producing animals may induce the presence of these compounds in meat and milk. The presence of β-blockers in these foods is a safety issue. A simple and economic high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for β-blockers in bovine and porcine muscle, kidney, liver, and bovine milk. The focus of the study was on the detection and quantitation of acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, carazolol, metoprolol, nadolol, penbutolol, and propranolol. Homogenized tissues were digested with glucuronidase/aryl sulfatase to release the analytes that were extracted with acetonitrile and purified using matrix solid-phase dispersion. For residues in milk, acidolysis and extraction utilized trichloroacetic acid and acetonitrile and the samples were purified using mixed-mode cation exchange solid phase extraction. Standard curves generated using homogenized tissues and milk matrices were linear with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.99. The limits of detection and quantification were 1?μg/kg and 2.5?μg/kg, respectively, for all analytes in the meat tissues. The corresponding values for milk were 0.2?μg/kg and 0.5?μg/kg. The average recoveries of the spiked samples were from 84.4 to 114.2% with the standard deviations of the intra- and inter-day assays from 2.0 to 14.6% and 2.9 to 18.7%, respectively. This method is simple, economical, and time-saving for the determination of β-blockers in bovine tissue, porcine tissue, and bovine milk.     

Determination of 23 β2-agonists and 5 β-blockers in animal muscle by high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry

A high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry method using isotope dilution technique has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 23 β₂-agonists and 5 β-blockers in animal muscle tissues. Pork and chicken muscle samples were acid hydrolyzed and extracted with 5% trichloracetic acid in water, and then cleaned up using MCX solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. Methanol and 0.1% formic acid were used as mobile phases for gradient elution. A Waters Atlantis®T3 column was used for separation. ESI positive ion scan mode was used with selective reaction monitoring. 9 β₂-Agonists labeled by the deuterium isotope were used as internal standards for quantification. The linear ranges of 23 β₂-agonists and 5 β-blockers were 5–200 μg/L, the coefficient of correlation was not less than 0.995, and the limit of detection for each compound in the muscle tissue was below 0.2 μg/kg. The recoveries of each compound in the spiked samples at three levels 5, 10, 20 μg/kg were in the range of 47.3%–123.7%, and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 3.2%–25.7%. The developed method is sensitive and specific for the determination of β₂-agonists and β-blockers in pork and chicken muscle samples.     

通过式固相萃取净化-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定豆芽中10种喹诺酮类抗生素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-Ms/Ms)快速检测豆芽中10种喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的方法。样品用乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液提取后,经PRiME HLB快速净化,氮吹浓缩后,用电喷雾离子源正离子-多反应监测(MRM)模式串联质谱进行检测。在0.25~100μg/L范围内,10种目标物的线性关系良好,其相关系数均大于0.997。方法对两种豆芽基质进行前处理并测定,检出限为1.0μg/kg和2.0μg/kg,定量限为3.0μg/kg和6.0μg/kg。回收率实验结果表明:10种目标物回收率范围为78.1%~106.4%,RSD<8.1%。方法能有效地避免杂质的干扰。     

肉豆蔻中赭曲霉毒素的测定及赭曲霉毒素产毒菌的分离鉴定

建立了同时测定肉豆蔻中3种赭曲霉毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)。样品经70%甲醇超声提取,HLB柱净化,采用Agilent Proshell 120 EC C₁₈色谱柱,以乙腈(含0.1%甲酸)-水(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,于电喷雾离子源正负离子模式下多反应监测模式检测。结果表明,肉豆蔻基质中3种赭曲霉毒素基质效应为91.0%~112.0%,采用基质匹配标准曲线法定量时各浓度范围下线性关系良好(R²>0.999)。样品在高、中、低3个浓度加标水平下,回收率为63.3%~88.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于6.0%,检出限(LOD)和定量限(LOQ)分别为0.1~1.0μg/kg和0.3~3.0μg/kg。另从肉豆蔻中分离得到一株产毒菌,采用紫外荧光筛选、形态学鉴定、DNA测序结合液质联用检测的方法最终鉴定为菌核曲霉。     

Investigation of ractopamine molecularly imprinted stir bar sorptive extraction and its application for trace analysis of β2-agonists in complex samples

In this paper, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated stir bar with ractopamine as template by glass capillary filling with magnetic core as substrate was prepared reproducibly. The ractopamine MIP coating was homogeneous and porous with the average thickness of 20.6 μm. The extraction apparatus for the stir bar was improved to avoid coating loss. The MIP-coated stir bar showed better extraction capacity and good selectivity than that of non-imprinted polymer (NIP) coated stir bar to ractopamine and its analogues. The extraction capacities of ractopamine, isoxsuprine, clenbuterol and fenoterol for MIP-coated stir bar were 3.3, 3.1, 2.8 and 2.4 times as much as that of the NIP coated stir bar, respectively. The MIP-coated stir bars could be used at least 40 times without apparent damage and kept in dried air for 8 months without reduce of extraction ability. A method for the determination of β₂-agonists in complex samples by MIP-coated stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The linear ranges were 0.5–40 μg/L for ractopamine and 1.0–40 μg/L for isoxsuprine and clenbuterol. The detection limits were within the range of 0.10–0.21 μg/L. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of β₂-agonists in spiked pork, liver and feed samples with the recoveries of 83.7–92.3%, 80.5–90.2% and 73.6–86.2%, respectively. The RSDs was within 2.9–8.1%. The method is very suitable for the determination of trace β₂-agonists in pork, liver and feed samples.     

Analysis of β-agonists and β-blockers in urine using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction with in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

A method using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) with in situ derivatization followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was established for the analysis of β-agonists and β-blockers in urine. Because it can simultaneously extract and derivatize compounds of interest by methylbenzol and N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) in HF-LPME, the approach overcomes the drawbacks of considerable time-consuming and tedious operation, meanwhile improves enrichment multiple. The optimized conditions were extraction for 20 min at 35 °C with 5.0 μL of mixed extraction solvent (methylbenzol/MSTFA = 1:1, v/v) with stirring speed of 925 rpm in 5.0 mL sample under pH 12.0 and 14% (w/v) NaCl. The method provided very wide linear ranges (0.25–400 ng mL⁻¹) and low detection limits in the range of 0.08–0.10 ng mL⁻¹ for clenbuterol, metoprolol and propranolol while enrichment factors reached up to 256. The analytes could be determined in spiked urine by the method with high extraction efficacy (93.79–109.04% recoveries) and precision (<9.70% RSD). It has a satisfactory result for metoprolol in practical human urine samples for a single-dose administration of 50 mg after 36 h. The proposed method only needs few microliters of organic solvent and derivatizing agent; the operation is simple, convenient and rapid for the trace analysis of β-agonists and β-blockers in biological fluids; it can be readily generalized for high sample throughput. So, it is hopeful that the study will facilitate the monitoring of β-agonists and β-blockers in the competition sports.     

Method validation,residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of trifloxystrobin and trifloxystrobin acid in milk,eggs and pork

Trifloxystrobin (TFS) is a widely used strobilurin fungicide and its residues accumulating in animal-derived food could result in potential harm to consumers. By optimization of extraction solvents and cleanup sorbents, a residue analysis method for TFS and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid (TFSA) was established in milk, eggs and pork based on QuEChERS sample preparation and LC–MS/MS. The calibration curves exhibited good linearity with determination coefficients (R²) >0.9930 over the range of 0.5–250 ng/ml for both TFS and TFSA. The recoveries of the two analytes were 81–100% with RSD 3–10% and 76–96% with RSD 2–13%, respectively. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 1 ng/g for both analytes. The milk, egg and pork samples, 30 each, were collected from the 30 main producing regions in China, and residues of TFS and TFSA were analyzed. The concentrations of both analytes were lower than the corresponding LOQs and maximum residue limits. Long-term dietary risk assessment showed that the hazard quotients were 0.001–0.003%, indicating an absence of unacceptable risks in milk, eggs and pork to the health of common consumers in China.