纳米氧化亚铜固载亚甲兰复合膜修饰玻碳电极的电化学性质及其对多巴胺的电催化

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为软模板制备了纳米氧化亚铜晶须,利用XRD和TEM进行表征。研究了纳米Cu2O-Nafion膜修饰玻碳电极的电化学性质,结果表明,纳米氧化亚铜在电极上表现出一对较为可逆的氧化还原峰,对应于Cu(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅰ)的氧化还原,峰电流与扫速成正比,表明纳米氧化亚铜在电极表面的电化学受表面控制。研究发现在亚甲基兰为媒介的情况下电极对多巴胺的催化能力进一步提高。在此电极上多巴胺呈现一对响应良好的准可逆氧化还原峰,峰电位差106 mV,峰电流大大提高,氧化峰电位大大降低,表现出良好的电催化作用。该电极可以在抗坏血酸存在下测定多巴胺。     

超氧化物歧化酶在纳米金/L-半胱氨酸修饰金电极上的电化学行为

通过L-半胱氨酸将纳米金修饰到金电极上,把超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)固定在修饰电极表面,制备了SOD-纳米金/L-半胱氨酸修饰电极。运用交流阻抗法、循环伏安法等方法表征了该电极,发现SOD在该电极上于0.15V和-0.05V左右产生较明显的氧化还原峰,在0.04～0.24V/s扫描速率范围内,其还原峰电流与扫描速速呈线性关系,表明该电极过程受吸附控制。研究了H2O2对SOD-纳米金/L-半胱氨酸修饰电极伏安行为的影响,发现该电极的还原峰电流与H2O2浓度在1.0×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为-0.996,可用于对H2O2的分析检测。     

电还原氧化石墨烯-金纳米棒修饰电极对酒石黄的测定

本文制备了氧化石墨烯-金纳米棒复合物(GO-GNRs).利用滴涂法制备了修饰电极(GO-GNRs/GCE),通过循环伏安法,还原了GO-GNRs复合物中的GO,制得电化学还原的石墨烯-金纳米棒修饰电极(ERGO-GNRs/GCE).研究了酒石黄在不同电极上的电流响应,结果表明,ERGO-GNRs/GCE对酒石黄的氧化有很好的电催化作用,其浓度在0.05～6.0μmol/L范围内与氧化峰电流呈良好的线性关系,检出限为15 nmol/L.利用ERGO-GNRs/GCE可完成样品中酒石黄含量的测定.     

一种新型双核Cu配合物的电化学性质及其应用研究

本文研究了一种新型平面双核Cu配合物 (deCu)的电化学性质及其修饰电极在水溶液中对半胱氨酸和L_色氨酸的电催化作用 .悬汞电极循环伏安曲线示出 ,在 - 0 .5V和 - 0 .2 5V处显示的还原峰分别对应于配体和配合物中心金属离子的还原反应 .光谱电化学实验进一步表明 :电位价跃至 - 0 .75V时 ,在 4 40nm处出现Cu(Ⅱ )向低价铜的电子跃迁吸收峰 ,而紫外光谱在 2 70和 2 80nm两处出现的吸收峰红移 ,这可能是因为配合物分子氧桥联发生配位形成大偶合体系所致 .利用循环伏安法制备deCu/GC和deCu/石墨碳修饰电极 ,实验表明 ,该修饰电极修饰膜的氧 /还反应为 2电子 2质子过程 ,并对半胱氨酸和L_色氨酸等具有较好的电催化氧化效果     

辐射状钯纳米花的可控合成及其电催化性能的研究

水体系中,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和L-精氨酸为表面活性剂,抗坏血酸还原PdCl42-,制得了直径范围在50~80 nm之间的辐射状钯纳米花.实验表明,CTAB和L-精氨酸对辐射状钯纳米花的形成起着协同作用.此外,还研究了辐射状钯纳米花对甲酸氧化的电催化活性.在0.5 mol/L H2SO4+0.5 mol/L HCOOH溶液中的循环伏安结果表明,辐射状钯纳米花修饰电极在酸性溶液中电催化氧化甲酸的峰电流密度约为101 mA/mg,明显优于实心钯纳米粒子修饰的电极(峰电流密度为50 mA/mg),且表现出较高的稳定性.     

新型纳米金直接修饰玻碳电极的制备及其电催化活性

在不使用交联剂的情况下,借助种子媒介纳米金属生长法将纳米金直接修饰到玻碳电极表面.试验发现纳米金粒子在电极表面覆盖率为5.4×10-10 mol·cm-2,[Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-氧化还原电子探针的试验证明,纳米金修饰玻碳电极表面的电子传递速率是使用交联剂制备电极的四倍.与裸玻碳电极相比,抗坏血酸在该电极表面的氧化峰电位负移150 mV,峰电流提高2.2μA,同时与尿酸的氧化峰电位差达到186 mV,可用于抗坏血酸和尿酸的同时检测.     

Zn掺杂CuO修饰电极的制备及电化学催化检测H_2O_2

利用滴涂法将Zn掺杂CuO纳米颗粒修饰到玻碳电极表面,通过循环伏安法和计时电流法,研究了Zn掺杂CuO纳米颗粒对H_2O_2的电催化性质。结果表明,制备了粒径为80~100nm的纳米颗粒,且分散良好。Zn掺杂CuO纳米颗粒修饰电极对H_2O_2具有良好的电催化还原作用。在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中,当扫描速度介于20~350mV/s时,其氧化峰和还原峰电流均与扫描速度呈线性关系,说明电化学过程受吸附控制。探讨了支持电解质及pH值的影响,当H_2O_2的浓度在1.0×10~(-6)~6.3×10~(-3) mol/L浓度范围内时,还原峰电流与浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.1μmol/L。该传感器具有选择性高、重现性和稳定性好等特点。     

Au/Pt纳米柱阵列电极的制备及光电催化氧化甲醇性能

利用纳米压印、 电沉积和气相沉积方法构筑了有序均一的Au及Au/Pt纳米柱阵列电极. 通过反射光谱观测到580和660 nm附近的特征吸收谱峰, 并基于有限元电磁场(FEM)理论模拟, 确定其表面等离激元共振(SPR)性质分别对应于纳米柱柱顶的电偶极模式(584 nm)、 电四极模式(638 nm)以及表面等离激元极化子(666 nm). 制备的等离激元纳米柱电极用于甲醇光电催化氧化反应时, SPR效应能显著地增强甲醇的电催化氧化电流. 当表面负载2 nm的金属Pt时, 光电催化氧化甲醇活性最高, 光照使氧化电流增加, 同时甲醇的氧化峰电位随光强的增加逐渐负移, 证明SPR弛豫产生的热空穴参与到光电协同甲醇氧化中. 在恒电流甲醇氧化实验中, 光照使表面氧化反应时间延长6倍, 减小了CO的毒化, 证明SPR对于电极表面产生一定的清洁作用.     

基于银纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯复合薄膜制备TNP电化学传感器

利用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),以葡萄糖为还原剂直接在GO表面沉积银纳米粒子(AgNPs)得到性能稳定的AgNPs/GO纳米复合材料;基于该纳米复合材料修饰电极构建了一种新型的2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(TNP)电化学传感器。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)和交流阻抗(EIS)等多种方法对纳米复合薄膜进行了表征;并研究了TNP在复合薄膜修饰电极上的电化学行为和动力学性质。结果表明,AgNPs/GO对TNP有较强的电催化活性,在复合薄膜修饰电极出现一灵敏的氧化峰和3个还原峰;利用氧化峰可对TNP进行定量分析。同时整个电极过程明显不可逆,电极反应受到吸附步骤控制;复合膜电极表面覆盖度为5.617×10-8mol.cm-2,在所研究电位下的速率常数为9.745×10-5cm.s-1。在pH 6.8的磷酸缓冲液中,当富集电位为-0.70 V,富集时间为60 s;TNP氧化峰电流与其浓度在5.0×10-9~1.0×10-7mol.L-1范围内成良好线性关系,相关系数为0.995 8,检出限可达1.0×10-9mol.L-1。所制备的电化学传感器稳定性和选择性较好;用于实际水样中TNP的现场快速检测,加标回收率在97.6%~103.9%之间。     

芦丁在纳米金修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

采用循环伏安法将纳米金电沉积于玻碳电极表面,制备了纳米金修饰玻碳电极(NG/GCE).在pH3.29的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,用循环伏安法研究了芦丁在NG/GCE上的电化学行为.结果表明,NG/GCE对芦丁的氧化还原反应有良好的电催化作用.用方波伏安法测得芦丁的还原峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-8～2.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3).     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Dopamine at a Nanocuprous Oxide‐Methylene Blue Composite Glassy Carbon Electrode

Cuprous oxide nanowhisker was prepared by using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CATB) as soft template, and was characterized by XRD and TEM methods. The electrochemical properties of nano‐Cu₂O and nano‐Cu₂O‐methylene blue (MB) modified electrode were studied. The experimental results indicate that nano‐Cu₂O shows a couple of redox peaks corresponding to the redox of Cu(II)/Cu(I), the peak currents are linear to the scan rates which demonstrate that the electrochemical response of Cu₂O is surface‐controlled. The composite nano‐Cu₂O‐Nafion‐MB modified electrode shows a trend of decrease of peak currents corresponding to the Cu (II)/Cu (I). However, the electrocatalytic ability of nano‐Cu₂O‐MB composite film to dopamine increases dramatically. At this composite electrode, dopamine shows a couple of quasireversible redox peaks with a peak separation of 106 mV, the peak current increases about 8 times and the oxidation peak potential decreases about 200 mV as compared to that at bare glassy carbon electrode. The peak currents change linearly with concentration of dopamine from 1×10^?7 to 3.2×10^?4 mol/L, the detection limit is 4.6×10^?8 mol/L. The composite electrode can effectively eliminate the interference of ascorbic acid and has better stability and excellent reproducibility.     

Sensitive and Green Method for Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using a Nano‐copper Based Electrochemical Sensor

Copper nanoparticles (nano‐Cu) were electrodeposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) potentiostatically at −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 60 s. The developed nano‐copper modified glassy carbon electrode (nano‐Cu/GCE) was optimized and utilized for electrochemical assay of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using glycine as a standard. The surface morphology and chemical composition of nano‐Cu/GCE were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometer (EDX), respectively. The electrochemical behavior was investigated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) which is characterized by a remarkable anodic peak at ∼0.6 V, compared to bare GCE. This indicates that nano‐Cu enhances significantly the electrochemical oxidation of glycine. The effect of different deposition parameters, such as Cu²⁺ concentration, deposition potential, deposition time, pH, and scan rate on the response of the developed sensor were investigated. The optimized nano‐Cu/GCE based COD sensor exhibited a linear range of 15 to 629.3 ppm, and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 ppm (S/N=3). This developed method exhibited high tolerance level to chloride ion (0.35 M chloride ion has minimal influence). The analytical utility of the prepared COD sensor was demonstrated by investigating the COD recovery (99.8±4.3) and the assay of COD in different water samples. The results obtained were verified using the standard dichromate method.     

乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT复合催化剂上的电催化氧化

通过前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解和电化学扫描电沉积法制备在Ti基体上的纳米TiO2-碳纳米管复合膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT)复合催化剂. 透射电镜 (TEM) 和X射线衍射 (XRD) 结果表明, 锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粒子和Pt纳米粒子(粒径均为5~10 nm)均匀地分散在碳纳米管表面. 通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究表明, Pt/nanoTiO2-CNT 复合催化剂(Pt载量为0.32 mg•cm−2) 具有高达51.8 m2•g−1的电化学活性比表面积, 常温常压下对乙醇的电化学氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性, 乙醇氧化峰电位分别为0.59、0.96和0.24 V, 氧化峰电流密度分别达到−115、−113和−75 mA•cm−2. 复合催化剂对乙醇电氧化的高催化活性可归因于nanoTiO2、CNT和Pt纳米粒子的协同催化作用.     

聚拉莫三嗪修饰玻碳电极测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)的研究

在稀H2SO4介质中,采用循环伏安法制备了聚拉莫三嗪膜修饰玻碳电极(PLTG/GCE),将制得的膜修饰电极(PLTG/GCE)在一定电位下选择性预富集Cu(Ⅱ),并用差分脉冲溶出伏安法测定.结果表明,该膜修饰电极对Cu(Ⅱ)的富集作用明显强于裸玻碳电极.对电聚合条件、富集和溶出介质、富集时间及富集电位等实验参数进行了考察,在优化实验条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)的浓度在4.0×10-9～1.3×10-7mol· L-1范围内与溶出峰电流呈线性关系,相关系数为0.9999,检出限为1.5×10-9 mol·L-1.该修饰电极具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,用于实际水样的分析,平均回收率为98.7％.     

NaOH溶液中Ni基石墨修饰电极上甲醇电氧化过程中钴与铜的协同效应

在NaOH溶液(0.1 mol/L)中考察了Ni, Co和Cu二元和三元合金修饰的石墨电极上甲醇电氧化反应性能.采用循环伏安法、计时电流法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等技术研究了修饰电极的催化活性和协同效应.这些催化剂在含有Ni, Cu和Co离子溶液的阴极电位上反复浸渍石墨电极制得.结果表明,在甲醇存在下, Ni基三元合金修饰电极(G/NiCuCo)对甲醇氧化反应的响应值明显高于其它样品.阳极峰值电流与扫描速率的平方根呈线性关系,表明该过程受扩散控制.在CA区域,该反应遵循Cottrellin特性,甲醇扩散系数为6.25×10–6 cm2/s.甲醇氧化反应速率常数为40×107 cm3/(mol·s).另外,采用EIS研究了修饰电极表面上甲醇催化氧化反应.     

磷钨酸改性蒙脱土修饰电极对多巴胺与尿酸的测定

制作了磷钨酸改性蒙脱土修饰电极(PTA-MMT/GCE),研究了该电极对多巴胺(DA)和尿酸(UA)的电化学响应特性.结果表明:在pH 6.5的PBS缓冲溶液中,DA在该电极上出现1对氧化还原峰,是受扩散控制的可逆电化学过程;UA在该修饰电极上0.328 V处出现一明显的氧化峰,电极过程为受扩散控制完全不可逆的过程.计算了DA和UA在该修饰电极上的反应电子数n和扩散系数.通过对比改性前后修饰电极的交流阻抗图,研究了电极表面的特性.用循环伏安法讨论了缓冲溶液、pH值、修饰剂用量、扫描速率及温度对测定的影响.在pH 6.5的PBS溶液中,DA和UA的氧化峰得到了较好地分离,且DA、UA的峰电流强度与浓度分别在2.0～110.0和20.0 ～350.0 μmol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系.运用该电极对盐酸多巴胺注射液以及人尿进行检测,效果良好,样品回收率分别为94%～102%、93% ～97%.     

柚皮苷分子印迹传感器的制备与应用

以邻氨基酚为单体,无电化学活性的柚皮苷为模板分子,采用循环伏安法(扫速为100mV/s)在碳电极上往复扫描30次,电聚合出具有识别柚皮苷分子功能的敏感膜。以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线全反射(XRR)及电化学方法对该印迹传感器进行表征。结果表明,印迹传感器敏感膜与非印迹膜在形貌结构和电化学特性方面有明显的不同。此传感器对柚皮苷有较好的选择性,响应快(30s),在6.0×10-5～1.4×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,且重现性好(RSD=1.8%,n=5);传感器对柚皮苷的检出限为1.6×10-5mol/L。     

Preparation and Characterization of Mixed‐Valent Nickel Oxide/Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Hybrid Films and Their Electrocatalytic Properties

Polynuclear mixed‐valent nickel oxide and nickel hexacyanoferrate hybrid film was prepared on glassy carbon electrode by multiple scan cyclic voltammetry. The film growth was monitored using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The cyclic voltammogram of the nickel hexacyanoferrate film is characterized by single redox couple whereas nickel oxide/nickel hexacyanoferrate hybrid film exhibits two redox couples. Cyclic voltammetric features suggest that the charge transfer process in both films resembles that of surface‐confined redox species. In stronger basic solution (pH ≥9), nickel hexacyanoferrate film was gradually converted into nickel oxide film during potentiodynamic cycling. The peak potential of nickel oxide redox couple moved into more negative side with increasing pH of contacting solution whereas the peak potential of nickel hexacyanoferrate redox couple remains the same. Electrocatalytic behavior of hybrid film coated electrodes toward ascorbic acid, hydrazine and hydroxylamine was investigated using cyclic voltammetry technique. Analytical application of nickel oxide/nickel hexacyanoferrate hybrid film electrode was tested in amperometry and flow injection analysis.     

Direct electrocatalvtic reduction of p-nitrophenol at room temperature ionic 1iquid modified electrode

Direct electrochemical reduction of p-nitrophenol(PNP)was investigated on a room temperature ionic liquid N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate(BPPF6)modified carbon paste electrode(CILE).The cathodic peak potential was positively shifted and the peak currents were increased compared to that obtained on traditional carbon paste electrode(CPE).The results indicated that the presence of ionic liquid BPPF6 on the electrode surface showed excellent catalytic ability to the electrochemical reduction of PNP.The electrochemical behaviors of PNP on the CILE were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and the conditions such as the scan rate,the buffer pH,the substrate concentration were optimized.The electrochemical parameters were further calculated with the results of the electron transfer number(n),the charge-transfer coefficient(α)and the surface concentration(ΓΥ)as 1.76,0.37 and 2.47×10-9 mol/cm2,respectively,for the selected reducfive peak.The results indicated that PNP showed all irreversible adsorption-controlled electrode process on the CILE.     

Electrooxidation of nitrite on a silica-cerium mixed oxide carbon paste electrode

A silica-cerium mixed oxide (SiCe) was prepared by the sol-gel process, using tetraethylorthosilicate and cerium nitrate as precursors and obtained as an amorphous solid possessing a specific surface area of 459 m(2) g(-1). Infrared spectroscopy of the SiCe material showed the formation of the Si-O-Ce linkage in the mixed oxide. Scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated that the cerium oxide particles were homogenously dispersed on the matrix surface. X-ray diffraction and (29)Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance implied non-crystalline silica matrices with chemical environments that are typical for silica-based mixed oxides. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that Ce was present in approximately equal amounts of both the 3+ and 4+ oxidation states. Cyclic voltammetry data of electrode prepared from the silica-cerium mixed oxide showed a peak for oxidation of Ce(3+)/Ce(4+) at 0.76 V and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy equivalent circuit indicated a porous structure with low charge transfer resistance. In the presence of nitrite, the SiCe electrode shows an anodic oxidation peak at 0.76 V with a linear response as the concentration of the analyte increases from 3×10(-5) at 3.9×10(-3) mol L(-1).