过渡金属助剂对催化甲醇羰基化反应的影响

过渡金属助剂对催化甲醇羰基化反应的影响①彭文庆袁国卿②（中国科学院化学研究所，北京１０００８０）关键词过渡金属助剂铑络合物催化剂羰基化甲醇过渡金属催化剂已广泛地应用于加氢、脱氢、羰基化等反应，并显示了优良的催化活性与选择性，而且过渡金属作为助催化剂在...     

铑络合物催化剂的稳定性研究

甲醇低压羰基合成制醋酸的催化剂包括主催化剂铑化合物和助剂碘化物两种组分.溶于醋酸和水的混合溶剂的RhCl_3-CH_3I均相体系对甲醇羰基化反应具有很高的催化活性,但稳定性差,特别是在常压下分离产物时,容易发生催化剂的分解.本工作结合甲醇羰基化反应,研究了铑络合物催化剂的分解作用规律和添加剂对络合物的稳定作用.     

螯合型羰基铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应的机理研究

报道了螯合型正方平面羰基铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应的机理研究. 通过含有两种与铑具有不同配位能力的授体的配体, 与四羰基二氯二铑形成螯合型正方平面阳离子配合物. 研究证明, 该类配合物在催化甲醇羰基化反应过程中, 其活性物种区别于文献报道的[Rh(CO)2I2]－阴离子. 配合物中铑与吡啶环上共轭N形成的N→Rh配键, 在羰基化反应过程中并非通常认为的断裂而是形成新的活性物种, 即配体与铑作为整体参与了CH3I的氧化加成及CH3COI的生成过程. 通过对相应的聚合物配体铑催化剂的研究, 进一步证实了这个反应机理. 这一结果, 对该类催化剂分子设计, 以及克服其工业使用中的催化剂沉淀失活等现象均有重要意义.     

顺二羰基铑（Ⅰ）共聚物催化剂的合成,结构与催化甲醇羰基化反应性能的研究

我们曾报道一系列含有两种不同配位基团的高分子共聚物与四羰基二氯二铑形成的顺二羰基铑(Ⅰ)配合物。这些配合物在催化甲醇羰基化反应中显示出高催化活性和高稳定性。本文采用4-乙烯吡啶(Y)和丙烯酸甲酯(B)共聚物为配体,对其与四羰基二氯二铑形成的配合物(YBRh)进行了表征。对该系列配合物催化甲醇羰基化生成乙酸的性能进行了评价。     

含氮杂环铜络合物在醇类氧化羰基化反应中的催化活性

研究了用氯化亚铜-吡啶类络合物作催化剂,醇类在低压下的氧化羰基化合成碳酸丁酯(及碳酸甲酯和碳酸乙酯)的反应,在10kg/cm~2和120℃条件下,催化剂的活性为 275克(BuO)_2CO/克CuCl·小时.压力、Py/CuCl比例、CuCl含量、水含量和配体的结构对络合物的催化活性都有影响,提出了反应机理的初步设想,讨论了水含景和配体结构对络合物催化剂反应活性的影响。     

共聚物铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化速控步骤的理论研究

采用以原子重叠及电子离域的分子轨道理论ＡＳＥＤ ＭＯ（含原子对排斥的ＥＨＭＯ法）为基础的结构自动优化法，对共聚物铑配合物催化甲醇羰基化制乙酸反应速率控制步骤 氧化加成进行了理论研究．计算了不同共聚物配体形成的铑催化剂与碘甲烷的氧化加成反应途径，并得到反应活化能，分析了氧化加成反应过程中的电子转移和空间因素对活化能的影响，计算结果与实验结果是相符的，并从理论上解释了２ 乙烯基吡啶形成的共聚物铑配合物催化活性高于４ 乙烯基吡啶形成的共聚物铑配合物催化活性的原因．     

[顺—二羰基（N—2—（2—吡啶）乙基芳胺）铑]的四苯硼酸盐的合成及其催化…

〔顺－二羰基（Ｎ－２－（２－吡啶）乙基对取代苯胺）铑〕的四苯硼酸盐作为催化剂，用于催化甲醇羰基化反应，在温和的条件下，可顺利催化甲醇羰基化反就得到乙酸和乙酸甲酯而无其它副产物。若以甲醇和乙本乡的混合液作反应物，则得到乙酸酐和乙酸甲酯，即使在大量水存在下，也仅有微量的水煤气转换反应发生。实验证明对位取代基团的电子效应对铑配合物的催化活性影响甚微在不同位置以不同链长相联的二吡啶配体对铑阳离子配合物性能     

甲醇羰基化制醋酸铱基催化剂的研究

摘要 醋酸是一种重要的化工原料，甲醇羰基化是目前生产醋酸的主要方法， 铱基催化剂是最有发展前景的甲醇羰基化反应制备醋酸的催化剂。介绍了铱基催化 剂体系的催化机理、速度影响因素，并与铑基催化剂进行了比较．     

负载型铑羰基簇催化剂对二氧化碳甲烷化催化性能的研究

利用Rh_4(CO)_(12)制备了负载于γ-Al_2O_3的金属催化剂,考察了它对二氧化碳加氢甲烷化反应的催化活性,并与由RhCl_3制得的催化剂进行比较,发现由铑羰基簇制得的催化剂有较高的催化活性,存在着明显的簇效应.利用小角X-射线衍射分析了催化剂表面的铑粒子分布状态,结果表明,由Rh_4(CO)_(12)制得的催化剂其载体表面金属铑原子有较大的聚集度,且这种聚集度的适当增大对应着铑CO_2甲烷化产率的相应提高,为簇效应的存在提供了佐证.     

载体对醇气相羰基化镍催化剂的影响

载体对醇气相羰基化镍催化剂的影响彭峰冯景贤黄仲涛（华南理工大学化工学院化工系，广州５１０６４１）关键词催化剂，羰基化，载体，相互作用甲醇、乙醇的气相羰基化近二十年来引起了许多研究者的关注，在寻找一种廉价高效的非贵金属取代铑催化剂方面已取得了一定进展...     

Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods. III Extension of PM3 to Be,Mg, Zn,Ga, Ge,As, Se,Cd, In,Sn, Sb,Te, Hg,Tl, Pb,and Bi

Using a recently developed procedure for optimizing parameters for semiempirical methods,¹ PM3 has been extended to a total of 28 elements. Average ΔH_f errors for the newly parameterized elements are Be: 8.6, Mg: 8.4, Zn: 5.8, Ga: 14.9, Ge: 11.4, As: 8.5, Se: 11.1, Cd: 2.6, In: 11.3, Sn: 9.0, Sb: 13.7, Te: 11.3, Hg: 6.8, Tl: 6.5, Pb: 7.4, and Bi: 10.9 kcal/mol. For some elements the paucity of data has resulted in a method, which, while highly accurate, is likely to be only poorly predictive.     

Prediction of the enthalpy of vapourisation for anhydrides,formates, acetates,propionates, butyrates,esters, and ethers

Four analytical correlations based on the use of the corresponding states principle were used to calculate the enthalpy of vapourisation of fluids. Three of these correlations require as inputs the critical temperature and the acentric factor. The fourth requires a molecular Lennard–Jones parameter and the acentric factor. Results for 184 polar and non-polar fluids grouped into 9 families are compared with the values accepted by the Design Institute for Physical Property (DIPPR) project. Recommendations are given for the use of each model and for the choice of the adequate model for each family of fluids.     

ICP-AES法测定铝中铁、硅、铜、镓、镁、锌、锰和钛

用 50g L氢氧化钠溶液溶解铝样品 ,硝酸 (1 1 )酸化 ,以ICP AES测定其中铁、硅、铜、镓、镁、锌、锰和钛等 8种杂质元素。     

ICP-MS测定化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅

目的：建立化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅8种有害元素的测定方法。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,样品采用微波消解,以钇、锂、铟、铋为内标作定量分析。结果：各元素和内标元素在一定浓度范围内的质量数比值均与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程的相关系数均大于0.9998,平均回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%。结论：该方法灵敏度高,准确,可为化妆品中上述元素的限量检查提供参考。     

猪胰脏中铁钙镁铜铅锌镉锰钴镍的测定

采用硝酸－过氧化氢在自动回流消化仪中消化猪胰脏,火焰原子吸收光度法测定铁、钙、镁、铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、钴、镍的含量。,方法简便,快速,结果令人满意,并对猪胰脏食用价值进行了评价。     

Thin-layer chromatographic separation of aldrin,dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane,malathion, ethyl-parathion,pentachlorophenol, and of chlordane,dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane,malathion, ethyl-parathion,and pentachlorophenol from each other

A thin-layer chromatographic method is reported for the separation of aldrin (or chlordane), dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, malathion, ethyl-parathion, and pentachlorophenol from each other. The procedure, however, does not separate aldrin and chlordane from each other although it does separate either pesticide from the other components. The method employs alumina plates with n-hexane:xylene:benzene:toluene:cyclohexane:methyl cyclohexane (50:50:50:50:50:50:) as developing solvent.     

Enthalpies of dilution of aqueous solutions of formamide,acetamide, propionamide,andN,N-dimethylformamide

The enthalpies of dilution of aqueous solutions of formamide, acetamide, propionamide,N,N-dimethylformamide, and sucrose have been measured from about 0.15 to 2.0 moles-kg ^–1 at 25.0°C. The results of the enthalpy measurements were used to calculate the pairwise enthalpies of interaction for each compound with itself. The equation of Savage and Wood together with their interaction parameters are used to predict the experimental results. All of the predictions are within the standard deviation of the original correlation of Savage and Wood (±220 J-kg-mole ^–2 ). Detailed examination of the results shows that specific effects are present but they are less than 220 J-kg-mole ^–2 . Results on urea and substituted ureas are used to determine interaction coefficients for a urea group with itself and with another CH ₂ group. The result,H _U,U =–280 andH _{U,CH 2} =29 J-kg-mole ^–2 , is an improvement on the previous arbitrary assignment of parameters for urea interactions.     

Theoretical Study of Molecular Structure,Reactivity, Lipophilicity,and Solubility of N-Hydroxyurea,N-Hydroxythiourea,and N-Hydroxysilaurea

Ab initio molecular orbital methods at the CBS-QB3 level of theory have been used to study the structure and gas-phase stability of various tautomers and rotamers of N-hydroxyurea, N-hydroxythiourea, and N-hydroxysilaurea, their anions and protonated forms. The geometries of N-hydroxyurea, N-hydroxythiourea, and N-hydroxysilaurea, their anions and cations were optimized at the Becke3LYP/CBSB7 level of theory. For all compounds studied, the amidic form is computed to be substantially more stable than the iminolic tautomer. N-Hydroxyurea and its thio and sila derivatives are computed to behave as Nacids in the gas phase. These compounds are in gas-phase weak acids with a calculated acidity of about 1425 to 1355 kJ-mol^–1. Basicities increase in the order: N-hydroxyurea < N-hydroxythiourea < N-hydroxysilaurea. The most stable protonated structures are represented by several isomers with almost equal stability. Thus, in the N-hydroxyurea, N-hydroxythiourea, and N-hydroxysilaurea, both protonation at the double bonded (C=O, C=S and Si=O) oxygen and sulfur atoms, as well as the protonation at the N(H)OH nitrogen basic center is equally probable. The experimental pK _a value (10.6) of N-hydroxyurea and the computed value (9.7) for its monohydrated complex with the specifically hydrogen-bonded water molecule to the ionizable OH group are in a good agreement. The experimental partition coefficient of N-hydroxyurea is best reproduced by the Alog P_s method. The formation of nitroxide radical in the reaction of N-hydroxyurea and its sulfur and silicon substituted derivatives with the phenol radical is an exothermic process. Thus, the \bondN(H)OH moiety of these compounds may quench the structurally related tyrosyl radicals in the active site of ribonucleotide reductase.