毛细管电泳法同时测定血浆中的美西律、利多卡因和布比卡因的浓度

采用毛细管电泳法同时测定血浆中关西律、利多卡因和布比卡因的浓度。取0．5mL血浆，用乙醚提取后吹干，重组后进样于毛细管电泳仪进行分离测定。电泳条件：分离用缓冲液为75mmol／L NaH2PO4溶液（pH3．0），温度30℃，运行电压26kV，紫外检测，波长200nm，压力进样5S。本法在0．1～4．0μg／mL范围内线性关系和精密度良好，方法回收率在96％～105％之间，检出限均为0．02μg／mL，可满足临床监测需要。     

糊精介质中西酞普兰的毛细管电泳手性分离与定量测定

以糊精作为毛细管电泳手性分离选择剂,对药物西酞普兰对映体的分离进行研究。考察了糊精浓度、缓冲液体系离子强度和pH及分离电压对对映体分离的影响。在糊精7．0％（m／V）、磷酸盐80mmol／L（pH5．4）的运行缓冲液中,分离电压20kV时,西酞普兰对映体分离度达3．9,同时对拆分机理进行了初步探讨。测定S-（＋）-西酞普兰原料药中R-（-）异构体的含量,在0．05～4．00g／L浓度范围内线性关系良好,R-（-）．西酞普兰与S-（＋）-西酞普兰的检出限分别为25．3mg／L和27．3mg／L,线性相关系数均在0．9970以上;RSD低于3．2％。     

配体交换毛细管区带电泳拆分未衍生化氨基酸

以铜（Ⅱ）-L-谷氨酸络合物为手性分离选择剂，对苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸3种非衍生芳香族氨基酸的手性对映体拆分进行了研究，建立了一种快速、简便拆分未衍生化的氨基酸对映体的配体交换毛细管电泳方法。在使用10mmol／L NH4AC（pH5．0），5mmol／L CuSO4和10mmol／L L-谷氨酸的条件下，成功地拆分了苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸手性对映体；色氨酸手性对映体也得到部分分离；考察了电泳缓冲液组成、pH值等影响分离效果的因素。     

毛细管电泳高频电导法测定尿中MDMA及其代谢物

建立了尿样中MDMA及其代谢物MDA的毛细管电泳高频电导法检测分析方法。对电泳分离缓冲介质的种类、浓度、pH值以及分离操作电压和进样时间等实验条件进行了优化。缓冲液为2．5mmol／L NH4 Ac 0．5mmol／L HAc 2mmol／L SDS 10mmol／L β-CD,分离电压为15kV时,可实现较好的分离与检测。该法在2．5～80μg/mL范围内。MDMA和MDA线性相关系数r分别为0．998和0．999,检出限均为1．0μg/mL(S／N=3)。不同添加浓度水平尿样,日间和日内RSD均小于5％,回收率均在90％以上,适于法医毒物分析和临床药物监测的需要。     

山豆根中苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的胶束毛细管电泳法测定

用胶束毛细管电泳法（MECC）测定山豆根中的苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的含量，以盐酸麻黄碱作内标物，20mmol/L硼砂缓冲溶液（含30mmol/L十二烷基硫酸纳，体积分数40％甲醇）作电解质（pH=9.35），于208nm紫外检测，山豆根提取液中有效成分都获得基线分离；定量分析表明，苦参碱的质量浓度在0．08－0．52g/L、氧化苦参碱质量浓度在0．03－0．44g/L其峰面积与质量浓度呈线性关系（r分别为0．9987和0．9976）；此外，还讨论了不同缓冲液浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）浓度及甲醇含量对2种有效成分迁移行为的影响。     

固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定环境水样中双酚A的自由溶解态浓度

应用可忽略耗损固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术测定了环境水样中双酚A的自由溶解态浓度。为了获得高的灵敏度并减小环境因素（如温度和搅拌等）的影响，采用商品化固相微萃取纤维CW／TPR进行平衡采样。在环境水样常见pH（5～8）、缓冲容量（5～200mmol／L）和盐度（0～500mmol／L）条件下，4h可以达到萃取平衡。100mL样品足以避免样品耗损。以配制在250mmol／L NaCl和125mmol／L磷酸盐溶液（pH6．4）中的双酚A标准溶液进行校准，可以将缓冲液（0～200mmol／L）、盐度（0～500mmol／L）和pH（5．7～8．5）的影响控制在15％偏差范围以内。如需更准确的测定，也可以对样品pH值的影响加以校正。pH为6．4时，方法的线性范围为0．1～250μg／L，检出限为0．03μg／L，相对标准偏差（5μg/L，n=3）为1．1％。采用本方法测定了污水处理厂排水口的双酚A的自由溶解态浓度。     

牡丹皮中有效成分丹皮酚的毛细管电泳快速检测新方法

采用毛细管电泳高频电导法对丹皮酚进行了快速分离检测。对电泳介质的种类及浓度、操作电压和进样时间等影响因素进行了优化。最佳条件为：分离介质1．0mmol／LH3BO3-3．0mmol／L三乙胺-10％CH，OH（pH=8．0），分离电压20．0kV，25．0cm位差虹吸进样8．0s。在该条件下。可在4min内实现对丹皮酚的分离检测。线性范围为2．0～105μg／mL，检出限为0．3μg／mL。成功测定了中药牡丹皮中的丹皮酚，回收率达94％～99％。方法简便、快速、灵敏，可用于药物分析。     

毛细管电泳用于水产品中五种抗生素的同时测定

用毛细管电泳-紫外检测法同时测定水产品中的四环素(TC)、金霉素(CTC)、土霉素(OTC)、多西环素(DC)及氯霉素(CAP)的含量．研究了缓冲体系的酸度、浓度、添加剂、分离电压、进样时间以及温度等条件对分离的影响,得到了电泳的最优条件．在278nm波长处,分离电压为22kV,20mmol／L磷酸氢二钠-10mmol／L柠檬酸(pH值2．8,含0．25mmol／L Na2EDTA和体积分数为4．0％的吐温-80)运行缓冲液下,上述5种组份在25min内得到完全分离．5种抗生素的质量浓度和电泳峰面积在2．5～300．0mg／L和10．0～300．0mg／L范围内呈现良好的线性,TC、CTC、OTC、DC和CAP的相关系数(r)分别为0．9996、0．9992、0．9993、0．9934、0．9987,检测下限为0．5～1．5μg／mL。该方法灵敏度高,重现性好,操作简便,并已成功用于水产品鲫鱼中的5种抗生素残留的检测。     

高效毛细管电泳电导法快速检测复方维生素B片中的VBl、VBl2、VB6和VC

采用高效毛细管电泳电导法同时分离、测定了复方维生素B片中的主要成分VB1，VB12，VB6和VC的含量。研究了运行缓冲溶液的酸度和浓度、电泳电压、进样时间等因素对电泳的影响。在优化的实验条件下：40mmol/L Tris-4mmol/L H3BO3(pH8．0)的缓冲溶液中加入0．30mmol/L CTAB(溴化十六烷基三甲基铵)，分离电压为15kV，上述4组分在5min内得到良好的分离。维生素B1，B12，B6和VC的线性范围分别为5．5～1．0mg/mL；15～1．5mg／mL;1．0～0．40mg／mL和6．6～0．80mg／mL；检测限分别为0．80μg/mL，4．0μg/mL，0．50μg/mL，2．9μg/mL；5次测定峰高的相对标准偏差分别为2．2％，1．6％，3．9％，2．8％。5次测定的平均回收率分别为99％，94％，l00％，97％。     

离子色谱法测定土壤中植物激素乙烯利

土壤样品中的乙烯利在IonPac AS14分离柱（4mm），（3．5mmol Na2CO3＋1．0mmol NaHCO3）／L淋洗液的淋洗条件下得到较好的分离。在0～10μg／mL的范围内标准曲线呈线性，检出限为（0．08μg／mL）。精密度好，10．266μg／mL时，保留时间的RSD=0．86％；峰高的RSD=1．1％；峰面积的RSD=1．0％。在此条件下，其它阴离子对乙烯利的检测不干扰，样品的加标回收率为85．6％～87．9％。     

Direct detection of acetaminophen in urine by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using dual electrodes. Preliminary application to a single-dose pharmacokinetic study

A method for the direct determination of acetaminophen in urine based on liquid chromatography with series dual-electrode detection has been developed. No sample pretreatment steps are required except for filtration. The method gives a linear range from 0.5 to 300 μg ml^?1 and a detection limit of 0.2 μg ml^?1 (10 μl). The analysis time of the assay is less than 7 min. The pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in urine from a subject who had orally ingested 450 mg (table form) of the drug were studied and various pharmacokinetic parameters were determined.     

深圳地区正常儿童尿液微量元素的测定

以电位溶出法检测了４３７例３个月～１２岁正常儿童的尿液锌、铜、铅、镉含量，结果显示：（１）在所有儿童尿中均未检出铜和镉，铅在部分尿中可检出，但含量低微，而尿锌的含量相对较高，且正常波动范围较大，相差几倍～十几倍，（２）尿液锌、铅含量在正常男女儿童间无明显性别差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）尿液锌、铅含量在３～１２个月、１岁～、３岁～组间无显著差异，但它们均高于７～１２岁组（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０５）．     

昆明地区驾驶员尿铅含量的测定

检测了３０例驾驶员尿液中的含量。结果表明，昆明地区驾驶员受铅污染的程度较严重，经统计学处理后发现，尿铅含量的高氏与驾驶员的年龄无显著性差异，与驾驶员的驾龄时间长短有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

分光光度法测定人尿液中的酪氨酸

研究了硝酸介质酪氨酸与α-显色剂的显色反应体系。显色产物在 52 0nm处有最大吸收 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 6.1 9× 1 0 3L· mol- 1· cm- 1。酪氨酸含量在 0 .0 2～ 0 .1 6μmol/m L 范围内符合比尔定律 ,该法可用于人尿中酪氨酸的测定。     

Comparison of liquid-liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques for drugs in urine and effects on the lifetime and performance of fused-silica capillary columns

Contamination of a gas chromatographic system with involatile sample residues will cause degradation of the chromatograms. Deposition of sample residues from urine extracted by a liquid-liquid and a solid-phase cartridge extraction method for drugs of abuse is compared. Standards containing five different drug compounds were injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with a fused-silica capillary column following injections of urine extracts prepared by the two different extraction methods. The samples extracted by the liquid-liquid method contaminated the chromatographic system to a greater extent and much faster than those extracted by the solid-phase extraction method.     

荧光法测定尿中的富马酸比索洛尔

建立了直接测定尿中富马酸比索洛尔的荧光分光光度法。荧光强度与富马酸比索洛尔含量在100－1000ng/mL范围内呈线性关系。检测限20ng/mL。对浓度100ng/mL与500ng/mL的标准溶液进行测定,其回收率分别为95．6％和99．6％,相对标准偏差为5．6％和2．3％,可用于 尿中富马酸比索洛尔含量的测定。     

Evaluation of electrodeposited tungsten chemical modifier for direct determination of chromium in urine by ETAAS

The direct determination of chromium in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) using graphite tubes modified with tungsten is proposed. Modification of the graphite is made by tungsten electrodeposition over the whole surface atomizer followed by carbide formation by heating the tube inside its own furnace. For tungsten electrocoating, the graphite tube and a platinum electrode were connected to a power supply as cathode and anode, respectively, and immersed in a solution containing 2 mg of W in 0.1% v/v HNO₃. Then, 5 V was applied between the electrodes during 20 min for tungsten electrodeposition over the whole atomizer. A SpectrAA 220 Varian atomic absorption spectrometer equipped with a deuterium background corrector was used throughout. Undiluted urine (20 μl) was delivered over the tungsten-treated tube and the chromium-integrated absorbance was measured after applying a suitable heating program with maximum pyrolysis at 1300 °C and atomization at 2500 °C. With electrodeposited tungsten modifier, the tube lifetime increased up to four times when compared to previous published methods for Cr determination in urine by ETAAS, reaching 800 firings. Method detection limit (3 S.D.) was 0.10 μg l⁻¹, based on 10 integrated absorbance measurements of a urine sample with low Cr concentration. Two reference materials of urines (SRM 2670) from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were analyzed for method validation. For additional validation, results obtained from eight human urine samples were also analyzed in a spectrometer with Zeeman effect background correction.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人尿中利凡诺

建立了运用反相高效液相色谱法测定人尿中利凡诺的方法.采用Spherisorb C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm);流动相: V(甲醇)∶V(乙腈)∶V(0.2 mol/L NH4Ac)=60∶37∶3;流速: 1.0 mL/min;柱温: 40 ℃;荧光检测器: 激发波长360 nm,发射波长500 nm.在5 ng/mL～1 μg/mL质量浓度范围内,呈现良好线性(r=0.9999),检出限为1 ng/mL.     

Development of a Multipurpose Alpha Detection Procedure for Enriched Uranium in Urine

Abstract

An anion exchange-liquid scintillation procedure for detecting enriched uranium alpha emissions in urine is described. Uranium is removed from extraneous elements by anion exchange. The uranium is eluted from the column and extracted into a liquid scintillator before being counted in a photon-electron rejecting alpha liquid scintillation spectrometer. The average recovery was 92 percent at the 0.9 dpm level.     

Fumed silica for the direct determination of lead in urine by differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry

The use of fumed silica for the direct determination of lead in urine by differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry was investigated. Fumed silica, added to urine prior to the nitrogen purge step, completely removed sorption interferences by urinary organic constituents. Values for lead in urine from eight unexposed individuals were 3 ± 2 μg l^?1 or 3 ± 2 μg g^?1 creatinine. This method is a fast, simple and effective means for the accurate determination of lead in undiluted urine without pretreatment.