在线微透析-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人参水提物对糖尿病脑病大鼠脑内神经活性物质的影响

评价人参水提物对糖尿病脑病大鼠学习记忆能力及脑内神经活性物质的影响。建立糖尿病模型,采用Morris水迷宫实验以逃避潜伏期(ELT)、穿越目标区域次数及中心区域(%)为指标评价大鼠的学习记忆能力。利用在线微透析-液相色谱-串联质谱法,Venusil C18柱梯度洗脱,MRM方式检测各组大鼠海马区8种神经活性物质水平并进行比较。结果表明:糖尿病大鼠人参治疗后认知能力明显改善(p<0.05);在线检测方法线性良好(R2>0.99),准确度和精密度满足分析要求;相比模型组,人参组大鼠脑内牛磺酸、乙酰胆碱水平显著升高(p<0.01),谷氨酸、丝氨酸、天门冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、多巴胺和五羟色胺水平均显著降低,8种神经活性物质水平均向正常水平调节。     

五味子治疗大鼠糖尿病肾病作用机制的血清代谢组学研究

采用基于超高效液相色谱与串联四级杆飞行时间质谱仪(Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)联用技术的代谢组学方法,通过分析大鼠血清内源性代谢物的变化,研究五味子治疗糖尿病肾病的作用机制。利用高脂高糖饲料喂养并腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型。给药12周后,采用试剂盒方法测定尿蛋白、尿肌酐的含量,结果表明五味子水提取物可以显著降低模型动物的尿蛋白含量(p<0.05),对糖尿病大鼠肾病并发症具有一定的改善作用。采用UPLC/Q-TOF-MS方法分析了五味子对糖尿病肾病大鼠的血清代谢轮廓,分析了健康组、模型组和五味子给药组的大鼠血清,采用偏最小二乘法-判别分析(Partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)进行数据分析。PLS-DA得分图显示健康组、模型组和五味子组的代谢轮廓有显著差别,根据正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)载荷图筛选,将对各组分离贡献大的化合物的串联质谱分析数据,经Human Metabolome Database(HMDB)等数据库检索,进行质谱信息匹配,鉴定出黄尿酸、油酰胺、棕榈酰胺、尿酸、5-羟基己酸、硫酸对甲酚、对甲酚葡萄糖苷酸7种内源性代谢物为生物标记物。研究结果表明五味子通过影响色氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢、肠内菌代谢、脂肪酸代谢等通路对糖尿病肾病发挥治疗作用,其中嘌呤代谢、肠内菌代谢通路可能是五味子发挥治疗作用的重要途径。     

2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基-高效液相色谱法快速筛选亚麻籽抗氧化活性成分

为了更加迅速地筛选到亚麻籽复杂提取物中的抗氧化活性物质及其活性强弱,以开环异落松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷(SDG)、开环异落叶松树脂酚(SECO)和肠二醇(ED)3种木酚素为研究对象,建立了抗氧化活性能力筛选的2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基-高效液相色谱法(DPPH-HPLC法)。液相色谱条件为:流动相为乙腈和水,经反相色谱柱Waters XBridge C18分离,检测波长为280 nm。DPPH-HPLC法的步骤是:将单一或者混合抗氧化剂分别与DPPH混合,放置20 min,作为待测液,将同样量的相应抗氧化剂作为对照液,分别进行液相色谱分析获得其含量,计算出相应的抗氧化剂清除率(SRA),活性顺序为:SDG>SECO>ED。结合超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用法,鉴定出亚麻籽中5种抗氧化物,筛选其抗氧化能力分别为:SDG异构体(5)>SDG(4)>7α-[(β-D-glupyranosyl)oxy]-1-methoxyisolariciresinol(1)>(6R,7R,8S)-1-Methoxyisolariciresinol(2)>蜀葵苷元二葡萄糖苷(3)。结果表明,建立的DPPH-HPLC法能够有效完成复杂亚麻籽提取物的抗氧化活性物质筛选。     

养阴通脑颗粒中生物碱对大鼠脑缺血后脑组织内皮素-1基因表达的影响

内皮素(ET)是近年发现的器官局部血液调节因子.ET是目前所知作用最强的长效血管收缩剂,其对血栓形成起着重要作用.以往研究表明养阴方药能显著的降低ET含量,提示养阴方药具有调节血管舒缩功能[1].养阴通脑颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用[2].为进一步研究养阴通脑颗粒中活性物质及其作用机制,本实验先后对养阴通脑颗粒的成分进行分离分析,并利用原位杂交法,选用脑缺血后脑皮层内皮素-1基因表达指标,观察了养阴通脑颗粒中生物碱(以下简称中生物碱)对其干预作用.现将结果报道如下.     

HPLC-ESI-MS对糖尿病大鼠脑纹状体与海马区儿茶酚异喹啉类化合物的检测

为探索糖尿病型帕金森病的分子机理,利用HPLC-ESI-MS分析了链脲霉素(streptozocin,STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型与对照大鼠的纹状体、海马区的儿茶酚异喹啉类物质含量的差异。研究发现,糖尿病大鼠纹状体、海马区的1-乙酰基-6,7-二羟基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(ADTIQ),1-甲基-6,7-二羟基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(Salsolinol,Sal),N-甲基猪毛菜醇(NMSal)的含量升高,其中ADTIQ,Sal的含量升高明显,差异显著。结果提示,糖尿病型帕金森病的病因可能是由于血糖升高,导致脑内醛类物质含量增加,加剧了儿茶酚异喹啉类物质的累积,从而导致线粒体功能缺陷,引起神经元死亡,最终导致帕金森病症状。     

糖尿病大鼠脑能量代谢改变的核磁共振磷谱研究

应用链脲佐菌素(Streptozocin,STZ)制备糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus,DM)大鼠模型,采用离体的核磁共振磷谱(31P Magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)方法检测糖尿病大鼠脑组织的生化改变。全脑的31P MRS谱图结果显示,STZ诱导1周后,磷酸单酯和磷酸二酯的含量无明显改变,表明糖尿病大鼠脑中并没有发生膜性结构的改变。二磷酸腺苷峰增高,磷酸肌酸(Phosphocreatine,PCr)和三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)含量无明显改变,但是PCr/ATP降低,说明PCr作为能量缓冲底物维持能量平衡。此外,pH值降低,表明在糖尿病大鼠脑中细胞内环境改变。当糖尿病发展到15周时,磷脂膜代谢和脑能量代谢紊乱。31P MRS不仅能够无创性提供磷脂代谢情况及能量状况,还可以测得细胞内pH值等方面的生化信息,有助于理解糖尿病脑病的发病机制,并为临床的早期诊断和治疗提供理论依据。     

LiV_3O_8电极在硫酸锂-水-乙醇电解质中的电化学性能研究(英文)

应用低温液相反应再经450℃中温锻烧制备LiV3O8活性物质,并用X射线衍射(XRD)分析和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了产物LiV3O8结构、形貌.电化学方法研究LiV3O8电极在硫酸锂-水-乙醇中性电解质溶液中的性能.恒流充放电结果表明,LiV3O8电极的比容量随电解质溶液中乙醇含量的增加而降低,若同时考虑电解质溶液的电导率和电极的稳定性,水/乙醇体积比4∶1最为合适.交流阻抗测试表明,溶液的欧姆电阻以及电极/电解质界面的电荷转移电阻随溶液中乙醇含量的增加而增大;随着充放电循环的进行,电极/电解质界面的电荷转移电阻增大,电极的活性降低.     

鼠脑组织中6-羟基-1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-β-咔啉及其相关生物胺的高效液相色谱-电化学检测

建立了大鼠脑组织中6-羟基-1-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢-β-咔啉(6-OH-MTHβC)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)含量的高效液相色谱-库仑阵列电化学检测(HPLC-ECD)方法。采用的色谱柱为DiscoveryHS F5柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为缓冲液（40 mmol/L柠檬酸+20 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠+0.3 mmol/L乙二胺四乙酸二钠,pH 4.0）-甲醇（体积比为78∶22）混合液,流速为1 mL/min。6-OH-MTHβC、5-HT、5-HIAA在1.0～500.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.9992),检出限分别为0.56,0.26,0.53 μg/L,日内和日间精密度(以相对标准偏差表示)均低于6.1%,回收率分别为87.1%～98.2%,87.0%～95.3%,90.1%～97.7%。用该方法检测新生7 d的SD胎鼠脑内6-OH-MTHβC及5-HT、5-HIAA的含量,发现SD胎鼠在急性酒精中毒8 h后6-OH-MTHβC显著上升(P<0.05);而5-HT和5-HIAA的含量有所下降,但无显著性差异。该法简便、稳定、灵敏度高,适用于测定鼠脑组织中6-OH-MTHβC和5-HT,5-HIAA含量的相关研究。     

糖尿病大鼠肝细胞膜中胰岛素受体巯基的检测

采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射法建立糖尿病大鼠实验模型,用巯基试剂盒紫外可见分光光度法研究四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病模型大鼠肝脏细胞膜中胰岛素受体的性质变化.实验结果表明,糖尿病大鼠肝脏组织细胞膜胰岛素受体的自由巯基含量明显低于正常大鼠,每克蛋白质降低了22%(P＜0.05),提示糖尿病大鼠肝细胞膜胰岛素受体存在氧化损伤.     

地黄提取物改善贫血大鼠记忆及其机制

地黄滋阴补血填髓,广泛用于贫血和脑疾病患者,但其功效机制尚未阐明.本文探讨地黄水提物(Rehmannia glutinosa’s water extracts,RGWE)改善血虚大鼠记忆及其滋阴补血填髓的可能机制.采用断尾放血结合注射环磷酰胺制备贫血大鼠模型,随机分溶媒组和地黄水提物3,6,10g/kg治疗组,灌服等体积自来水或不同剂量地黄水提物10天,采用Morris水迷宫观测大鼠空间记忆能力,采用酶联免疫吸附测定方法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测血浆红细胞生成素(EPO)水平,免疫组化和免疫蛋白印迹技术(Western blotting)检测分析脑EPO及其受体表达水平.成功制备血虚模型,表现为大鼠红细胞数和血红蛋白显著下降,与造模前比较差异显著(P<0.05),溶媒组空间记忆能力显著下降,地黄治疗组空间记忆能力明显提高,逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05),一定时间内穿越平台次数显著增多(P<0.05);免疫组化和Western blotting结果显示脑组织EPO及其受体表达、血浆EPO水平均较溶媒组明显升高(P<0.05).地黄水提物显著提高贫血...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.