从电炉炼钢烟尘制取高纯Fe2O3粉的研究

在用湿法冶金工艺从电炉炼钢烟尘中提高氧化铁纯度的研究领域中，除硅及除铝是主要技术难点。本文研究了影响除硅及除铝的各种因素，通过选取低浓度硫酸(3.5mol*dm-3)酸浸烟尘，多次陈化，控制中和沉淀过程中的反应温度，中和速度，终点pH值(3.2～3.3)及高温煅烧(900℃)，将产品中的硅含量降至0.005%以下，铝含量降至0.035%以下，Fe2O3纯度达到99.2%以上，达到了HG/T2574-94标准中优等品水平。     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第二讲 纯铝的分析及其方法的选择

1　纯铝分析的目的和要求纯铝的分析有两个目的 ,一是了解其纯度 ,即铝的含量是多少 ?二是了解含有哪些主要杂质成分 ,各有多少量 ?根据这两方面的信息即可对材料的品级作出判别。根据我国现行的标准 ,工业用纯铝分为高纯铝和纯铝。两者又按纯度和主要杂质元素 (硅、铁、铜 )的含量分别细分为 5个牌号和 6个牌号 ,见表 1。由表 1可知 ,5个牌号高纯铝的含铝量间距相差很小 ,仅为ｗＡｌ0 .0 2 %～ 0 .0 5 % ;6个牌号纯铝的含铝量间距也只相差ｗＡｌ0 .1%～ 0 .3%。现有的高含量铝的测定方法 ,其分析相对误差约为 0 .2 %～ 0 .3%。显然用直接测…     

金属材料分析方法的选择和施行第二讲纯铝的分析及其方法的选择(续)

2 .5　硅的测定方法的选择从高纯铝的技术规范可见在 5个牌号中仅ＬＧ5中硅的含量要求低于 0 .0 0 0 2 5 % ,而从ＬＧ4到ＬＧ1,硅量应分别控制在 0 .0 15 % ,0 .0 4 % ,0 .0 6%和 0 .0 8%以下。因此选择方法时可分别考虑 ,即选择一种测定范围为 0 .0 0 0 10 %～ 0 .0 0 0 5 0 %的方法 ,供分析ＬＧ5试样用。另选一种测定范围在 0 0 10 %～ 0 .10 %之间的方法 ,用于分析其余 4个牌号的样品。在目前应用于测定纯铝中硅的方法都是以形成硅钼杂多酸的反应为基础的光度分析法 ,只是在许多操作细节上有区别 ,各方法的提要如下。(1)方法 1　ＧＢ/Ｔ…     

HZSM-5分子筛用于合成聚甲醛二甲基醚

以磷酸二氢铵为前驱体,使用浸渍法制备了一系列不同磷含量改性的HZSM-5分子筛,并结合X射线衍射、N2吸附和氨程序升温脱附等表征结果探讨了催化剂硅/铝比、粒径尺寸、晶体结构、孔结构及表面酸性对其催化甲醇和三聚甲缩反应生成聚甲醛二甲基醚(PODEn)反应性能的影响,同时与商业催化剂进行了比较.结果表明,硅铝比为50,粒径尺寸为5μm,P2O5含量较低(0～6%)的HZSM-5分子筛表现出较高的催化活性和PODEn选择性.在130℃,原料甲醇和三聚甲醛的质量比为2:1的优化条件下反应时,三聚甲醛转化率可达到95.2%,PODEn(n=2～5)的选择性为62.9%,略好于商业催化剂.     

低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上C4烃的催化裂解反应

以低硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=20-45)的ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂, 研究了混合C4烃的催化裂解反应, 并对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征. 混合C4烃的催化裂解反应结果表明, 低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的低温催化活性, 高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯和丙烯的收率高于低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂, 低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上苯和甲苯的收率高于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂. 在反应温度为625 ℃时, 硅铝比为20的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯、丙烯、苯和甲苯的总收率可达79.42%. 酸性表征结果表明, 硅铝比低的ZSM-5分子筛具有更多的Bronsted(B)酸酸量、Lewis(L)酸酸量及总酸酸量, 这是低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有低温高活性及高的苯和甲苯收率的原因.     

低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上C4烃的催化裂解反应

以低硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O2)=20-45)的ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,研究了混合C4烃的催化裂解反应,并对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征.混合C4烃的催化裂解反应结果表明,低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的低温催化活性,高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯和丙烯的收率高于低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上苯和甲苯的收率高于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂.在反应温度为625℃时,硅铝比为20的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯、丙烯、苯和甲苯的总收率可达79.42%.酸性表征结果表明,硅铝比低的ZSM-5分子筛具有更多的Bronsted(B)酸酸量、Lewis(L)酸酸量及总酸酸量,这是低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有低温高活性及高的苯和甲苯收率的原因.     

Fe-Zn-M/HZSM-5复合催化剂上CO_2加氢性能的研究

研究了 380℃、 5 .0 MPa条件下 ,在 Fe- Zn- M/ HZSM- 5 (M=Cr、 Al)复合催化剂上进行的 CO2 催化加氢的反应 .考察了 Fe- Zn- M中 Fe含量、分子筛的硅铝比及 Fe- Zn- M/ HZSM- 5的比率对 CO2 转化率和产物选择性的影响 .结果表明 ,随着 Fe含量的增加 ,复合催化剂的活性增强、目的产物选择性降低 ;Fe- Zn- M与 HZSM- 5间有适宜的配比 ;分子筛的硅铝比影响到复合催化剂的活性和选择性 ,随着分子筛硅铝比的降低 ,复合催化剂的活性增强 ,目的产物选择性提高     

不同硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛作为助催化剂在渣油裂化中的应用（英文）

采用不同方法表征了硅铝比(Si O2/Al2O3)为33、266和487的质子型ZSM-5分子筛,并研究了ZSM-5分子筛作为助催化剂在渣油裂解中的应用.与USY分子筛基催化剂混合后,在固定流化床上,评价了ZSM-5分子筛助催化剂的催化裂化性能.研究发现,提高ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比,可以有效抑制混合催化剂对汽油烯烃的裂解,从而避免了汽油烷烃的大量损失.加入ZSM-5助催化剂后,伴随着液化气(LPG)产率的增加,异丁烷和异戊烷产率增加,这可能是由USY基催化剂和ZSM-5助催化剂的综合效应引起的.汽油烷烃和芳烃含量的变化,引起了汽油辛烷值的增加.高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛(硅铝比为266和487)不仅可以显著改善汽油的辛烷值,而且有效避免了汽油的大量损失.催化汽油辛烷值的改善主要是由于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有适宜的芳构化和异构化活性,这些变化主要源于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛小的孔道直径和适宜的酸性.     

不同硅铝比ZSM-5的合成及其吸附脱除柴油中苯胺和吡啶的性能

合成了一系列不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、FT-IR、ICP、SEM、NH_3-TPD和N_2吸附-脱附等方法对其进行了表征,研究了不同硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛对模拟柴油中苯胺和吡啶的吸附脱除性能。结果表明,所合成的ZSM-5分子筛均具有典型MFI结构;与合成原料混合物中的硅铝比相比,实际硅铝比稍有降低。ZSM-5分子筛的酸量随硅铝比的增加而降低,硅铝比较小的ZSM-5(1)和ZSM-5(2)的吸附脱除苯胺或吡啶的效果明显优于其他样品,并且所有样品吸附脱除吡啶的效果均优于苯胺。ZSM-5(2)上苯胺和吡啶的吸附等温线符合Langmuir-Freundlich混合模型。     

纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯

在合成系列硅铝比纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛的基础上,研究了纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化甲醇制丙烯(MTP)的反应性能.在固定床微反装置上详细考察了工艺条件对纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响,同时与纳米HZSM-5分子筛对MTP反应的催化性能进行了比较.结果表明,纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛具有较高的目的产物选择性和较长的催化寿命.在适宜硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=213)和反应条件下(温度470°C,甲醇质量空速为3 h-1),丙烯的选择性达到46.7%,三烯(乙烯、丙烯和C4烯烃)选择性达到78.7%.其中,丙烯/乙烯的质量比可达到6.5,是纳米HZSM-5分子筛的2倍,而芳烃的选择性比纳米分子筛明显降低.这是因为纳米薄层HZSM-5分子筛比纳米HZSM-5分子筛具有较宽的(010)晶面、较大的外比表面积和介孔孔容.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铬矿石中硅、铝、镁、铁

采用过氧化钠和氢氧化钠高温熔融铬矿石样品,以盐酸溶解熔块,合并溶液后用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定样品中硅、铝、镁和铁的含量。选择212.412,308.215,285.213,238.204 nm分别作为硅、铝、镁、铁的分析谱线。用铬矿石标准样品配制标准溶液,对标准溶液的贮存方法进行了研究,对影响标准曲线稳定性的因素进行了讨论。SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3和MgO的线性范围依次为0.61%～14.64%,13.62%～27.74%,9.29%～15.17%和9.87%～21.49%。采用该法对铬矿石样品进行30d的连续测定,SiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3和MgO测定值的相对标准偏差分别在0.51%～1.3%,0.45%～2.0%,0.50%～2.5%和1.4%～2.3%之间。     

Behavior of extraframework Fe sites in MFI and MCM-22 zeolites upon interaction with N2O and NO

We report on the characterization of an isomorphously substituted Fe-MCM-22 sample containing both Fe and Al in framework positions (Si/Fe = 44, Si/Al = 25). XANES spectroscopy was used to study the evolution of Fe sites as a consequence of thermal activation at high temperature (1073 K) and subsequent oxidation with N2O. The results were compared to those obtained in the same conditions on a well-known Fe-silicalite sample (Si/Fe = 68, Si/Al = infinity). In both samples, thermal activation causes migration of a fraction of Fe ions from framework to extraframework positions, this migration being accompanied by a reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+. Upon oxidation with N2O at 523 K, the two samples show a different behavior. While in Fe-silicalite practically all of the Fe2+ sites formed by thermal activation are reoxidized to Fe3+, in Fe-MCM-22 only a fraction of the extraframework iron sites is involved in the reoxidation process. The accessibility of the extraframework Fe sites was also investigated by using the NO molecule as a surface probe. Upon NO dosage on the sample, the modification of the pre-edge peak and of the edge position suggests an important charge release from the extraframework Fe2+ ions to the adsorbed molecules. This could be formalized with the formation of Fe3+(NO-) complexes, compatible (on the basis of the simple molecular orbital theory) with a bent NO geometry. The formation of a complex family of Fe2+ mono-, di-, and trinitrosyl complexes was also confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Similarly to what was observed in the oxidation experiments, the fraction of extraframework Fe sites able to interact with NO in Fe-MCM-22 sample is smaller than that in Fe-silicalite treated in the same conditions. This trend is explained with a major clustering of extraframework Fe sites in Fe-MCM-22 sample, as was also suggested by FTIR experiments. These results suggest that the dispersion of iron in zeolitic matrixes prepared by isomorphous substitution could also depend on the zeolitic structure.     

NF3 decomposition over some metal oxides in the absence of water

NF3 decomposition in the absence of water over Al2O3, Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO, and transition metal oxides (Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO) coated Al2O3 reagents was investigated. The results show that Al2O3 is an active reagent for NF3 decomposition with 100% conversion lasting for 8.5 h at 400 ℃. Fe2O3, Co3O4 and NiO coated Al2O3 reagents are superior to bare Al2O3, and 5%Co3O4/Al2O3 has a high reactivity with NF3 full conversion maintaining for 10.5 h. It is suggested that the presence of transition metal oxide is beneficial to the reactivity of Al2O3, and results in a significant enhancement in the fluorination of Al2O3.     

Minerals from Macedonia XXIII. Spectroscopic and structural characterization of schorl and beryl cyclosilicates

IR and Raman spectroscopy study on two collected cyclosilicate species: schorl (from tourmaline group), Na(Fe,Mg)(3)Al(6)(BO(3))(3)Si(6)O(18)(OH,F)(4) and beryl (Be,Mg,Fe)(3)Al(2)Si(6)O(18) were carried out. Although beryl is nominally anhydrous mineral, vibrational results strongly indicate that H(2)O molecules exist in the structural channels. The number of vibrational bands and their frequencies revealed the presence of H(2)O type II, in which C(2) symmetry axis of the water molecule is parallel to the structural channel (and to the c-axis of beryl). On the other hand, it was found that observed bands in the IR and Raman OH stretching region of the other tourmaline varieties appear as a result of the cation combinations involving dominant presence of Mg and Fe cations in the Y structural sites. The strong indication derived from the vibrational spectroscopic results that the studied mineral represents a schorl variety, coincide very well with the results obtained by powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray microprobe analysis. Both minerals show IR spectral similarities in the region below 1500 cm(-1), whereas the resemblance between the Raman spectra (1500-100 cm(-1)) is less expressed confirming that these spectra are more sensitive to compositional changes and to structural disorder. The identification of both minerals was additionally supported by studying the powder X-ray diffraction diagrams.     

SAPO-34分子筛的合成及甲醇制烯烃催化性能

以三乙胺为模版剂,系统研究了合成凝胶中硅含量、磷酸含量以及水含量对SAPO-34分子筛晶化及其MTO催化性能的影响,Si对SAPO-34的形成具有结构导向作用,只有当SiO2/Al2O3 ≥ 0.25时才可以得到纯相SAPO-34分子筛. 然而随着凝胶中Si含量增大,合成样品中出现氧化铝物种,结晶度、比表面积逐渐下降,催化稳定性降低. 进一步研究发现,凝胶P2O5/Al2O3和H2O/Al2O3比对SAPO-34的合成和催化性能也有很大影响. 当P2O5/Al2O3=1.1,H2O/Al2O3=36时,合成样品具有较高的比表面积、较为理想的(P+Si)/Al比和适宜的酸性,单程寿命达到520 min. 在此基础上研究了焙烧条件对SAPO-34分子筛催化性能的影响,结果表明SAPO-34在流动的空气气氛中焙烧8 h得到的样品比焙烧10 h的样品残留了更多的模版剂,且部分残留的模版剂以二烯烃的形式存在,催化寿命明显比焙烧10 h的样品长,达到580 min.     

Li2Mg2Si4O10F2、H2Mn8O16•1.4H2O和Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3在高浓度LiCl水溶液中的离子交换行为

研究了用功能材料Li2Mg2Si4O10F2 (LHT)、H2Mn8O16•1.4H2O (CRYMO)和Li1.3Ti1.7Al0.3(PO4)3 (LTAP)分别去除高浓度氯化锂水溶液中的杂质Fe3＋、K＋和Na＋.实验结果表明，这几种功能材料分别对溶液中的杂质Fe3＋、K＋和Na＋有很高的选择性，除杂效果明显.分析和研究了这几种功能材料在高浓度氯化锂水溶液中分别与Fe3＋、K＋和Na＋的交换行为.结果表明，在高浓度氯化锂溶液中这几种功能材料与杂质交换的动力学行为可近似用JMAK方程描述.     

Analysis of cement and cement raw meal by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a new fusion agent

A new fusion agent is proposed for the analysis of cement and cement raw meal using AAS. In the described method, 0.8 g of the fusion agent, consisting of equal portions of oxalic acid, lithium carbonate and lithium tetraborate, was mixed with 0.2 g of the sample, and the mixture was fused for 10 min at 925 degrees C in a platinum crucilbe. The fusion cake was dissolved with dilute hydrochloric acid (1 + 10) and diluted to 500 ml for the determination of Si, Al, Fe, Ti, Na and K expressed as SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), Fe(2)O(3), TiO(2), Na(2)O, and K(2)O respectively. For the determination of Ca and Mg (expressed as CaO and MgO respectively), 10 ml of the previous sample solution were mixed with 4 ml of 6% (m/v) lanthanum nitrate solution and the solution was diluted to 100 ml. The method was found to have good accuracy and precision. The time required to determine the eight elements was around 80 min for each sample.     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对纯Fe液诱导凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学(MD)方法模拟了不同半径大小的纳米Al2O3颗粒夹杂在三个温度下(1750、1730和1710K)对纯Fe液的诱导凝固过程,并分析了作为诱导核心的纳米Al2O3颗粒的结构演变及其对Fe原子体系的凝固过程的影响.发现在诱导过程中,纳米Al2O3颗粒的内部保持较好的晶型结构,仅表面原子有结构变形;诱导凝固的Fe原子主要为面心立方(fcc)和密排六方(hcp)原子;纳米Al2O3颗粒的尺寸越大,发生诱导凝固的温度越高;诱导凝固得到的Fe晶体的晶格取向受纳米Al2O3颗粒在Fe液中的漂移程度影响.     

Quantitative analysis of elements (C, N, O, Al, Si and Fe) in polyamide with wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

A wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) spectrometry combined with calibration curve method was established for simultaneously analyzing low-Z elements (C,N,O) and Al,Si,Fe in polyamide.To investigate the origin of plastic material causing deposition and blocking in instrument engines and pipelines,polyamide 6 (PA 6,an engineering plastic) was chosen as the study object on account of its common use in industry.The sample preparation with pressed powder disk has been developed for determination of six elements in PA 6.Pure Cu metal was used as the matrix and PA 6 was regarded as standard sample for C,N,O elements.PA 6 particles were firstly smashed to uniform powder in liquid nitrogen,and then mixed with inorganic standard powders (Fe2O3,Al2O3,SiO2,and Na 2 SiO 3).The mixture was ground to obtain homogeneous calibration materials for WD-XRF analysis.The quantitative property of the calibration curve method for each element was reliable.The limits of detection (S/N≤3) of C,N,O,Al,Si and Fe using WD-XRF were 249,120,101,6.2,3.3,and 1.8 μg/g,respectively.To confirm the accuracy of the proposed WD-XRF calibration curve method,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) detection for Al,Si,Fe and elemental analyzer (EA) analysis for C,N,O were utilized.A good correlation of the WD-XRF results with the measurements of ICP-OES and EA was observed.     

铁基分子筛活性位点的制备控制及对NH3-SCR活性的影响

采用离子交换法,通过不同制备条件制备Fe-beta分子筛,并探讨不同制备条件对催化剂活性位点和NH3-SCR活性的影响。通过UV-Vis分析,将不同位置的吸收峰归属于不同的铁活性位点,300nm以下的高能谱区可以归属于孤立的Fe3+位点,300nm-400nm间归属于低聚的FexOy簇,而400nm以上为Fe2O3大颗粒聚合物。对比不同催化剂的SCR活性发现,孤立的Fe3+和低聚态的Fe3+是主要的活性位点,这两种物种的所占比例高低直接影响了催化剂的活性。而大尺度的Fe2O3为非活性位点,因尽量控制并降低其所占比例。另外低聚态的Fe3+所占比例越高,N2O的生成量越高,N2的选择性越差。因此,在制备过程中,除了控制大尺度的Fe2O3的含量,同时要尽量降低低聚态的Fe3+的含量,以增加N2的选择性。采用离子交换法制备Fe-beta催化剂,pH、交换温度、前驱体种类、硅铝比、煅烧条件等制备条件会对Fe-beta的活性位点造成影响,从而导致活性差异。根据实际应用需求,调控制备条件,可有效控制活性物种的分布,制备具有高效NH3-SCR活性的铁基分子筛催化剂。