含负氢配体的单核钌催化的降冰片烯开环易位聚合催化研究

设计的含负氢配体的单核钌配合物Ru(p-cymene)HClPCy₃高活性地催化了降冰片烯开环易位聚合反应(ROMP), 并通过设计的Ru(p-cymene)H₂PCy₃对降冰片烯的催化活性研究证明了单核催化剂需同时含有氯原子配体, 提出了反应机理.     

边臂修饰的水杨醛亚胺第四族金属配合物的合成、结构及其乙烯聚合行为研究

通过给电子基团取代的(E)-2,4-二-叔丁基-6-(苯基亚胺基甲基)苯酚与等当量的M(CH₂Ph)₄ 反应制备了一系列第四族金属的双苄基配合物. 反应经历了甲苯消除及分子内苄基从金属至亚胺碳的迁移反应, 中间体的分离和结构鉴定证实了该反应历程. 通过核磁、元素分析和X-ray 单晶衍射表征了配合物的结构. 在甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)的活化下, 钛配合物可以高活性地催化乙烯的均聚合和乙烯/1-己烯的共聚合, 而相应的锆、铪的配合物在同样的条件下则几乎没有活性.     

双吡唑亚胺镍/甲基铝氧烷催化降冰片烯的聚合

合成了两种双吡唑亚胺镍配合物: 双-N-(苯基-1-3,5-二甲基吡唑基亚甲基)苯基亚胺二溴化镍(Cat.1)和双-4-甲氧基-N-(苯基-1-3,5-二甲基吡唑基亚甲基)苯基亚胺二溴化镍(Cat.2). 研究了Cat.1/MAO和Cat.2/MAO催化体系对降冰片烯(NBE)单体聚合的催化性能, 考察了各种聚合条件, 如温度、Al/Ni摩尔比及催化剂浓度对降冰片烯的催化效率、单体转化率、聚合物分子量及分子量分布的影响. 研究结果表明, Cat.1/MAO和Cat.2/MAO催化体系对降冰片烯聚合具有较高的催化效率, 可达到105 g PNBE/(mol Ni)数量级, 所得聚降冰片烯(PNBE)的重均分子量在105以上, 分子量分布指数在2左右. 聚合产物的1H NMR和FTIR谱分析结果表明, 该聚合反应是以单体的乙烯基加成聚合机理进行的.     

8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸钛配合物的合成及催化乙烯与降冰片烯共聚合反应

合成了新型催化剂8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸钛配合物, 并应用于乙烯与降冰片烯的共聚合反应中. 分别考察了助催化剂种类[甲基铝氧烷(MAO)和三乙基铝(TEA)]、 降冰片烯浓度、 Al/Ti摩尔比、 聚合温度和聚合压力对催化活性与共聚性能的影响. 通过核磁共振、示差扫描量热和凝胶渗透色谱等对所制备的共聚物进行了表征. 结果表明, 在相同条件下, 以MAO为助催化剂时, 共聚催化活性更高, 催化剂为单活性中心, 可得到分子量分布较窄(PDI≈3)的共聚产物, 其共聚反应机理为加成聚合. 另外, 随着降冰片烯浓度的升高, 共聚物中降冰片烯单元的摩尔比呈线性上升趋势, 所得共聚物的熔点随之降低.     

大位阻α-二亚胺钯配合物催化降冰片烯与5-降冰片烯-2-乙酸酯的共聚研究

采用大位阻9,10-二氢-9,10-乙醇蒽~(-1)1,12-二亚胺钯配合物为主催化剂,三五氟苯基硼B(C6F5)3为助催化剂,在甲苯中对降冰片烯与极性降冰片烯衍生物5-降冰片烯-2-乙酸酯进行加成共聚合研究,呈现出高催化活性(1.1×10~4~1.6×10~6g_(polymer)/molPd·h)。当5-降冰片烯-2-乙酸酯加入摩尔比为10~50%时,其插入率为5.53~8.45%。聚合反应产率随着5-降冰片烯-2-乙酸酯加入摩尔比的增大而减小。共聚物的热分解温度T_d、玻璃化转变温度T_g和分子量Mw分别为332.4~432.5℃、259.9~306.6℃和2.3×104~8.6×104g·mol~(-1)。     

吡啶/吡咯亚胺型钴、镍配合物合成及其催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合研究

以冰醋酸/微波辐射催化2-乙酰基吡啶/吡咯与对苯二胺、卡巴肼发生Schiff碱缩合反应得到系列配体L1～L4,在甲醇/四氢呋喃中进一步与钴/镍氯化物反应获得配合物1～8。用元素分析、核磁氢谱、红外、紫外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射等手段对产物进行全面结构表征发现,配体L1～L3为二胺桥连的双亚胺吡啶/吡咯结构,L4为单亚胺吡咯结构,配合物1～6均为双核配合物,而7、8为单核配合物。配体合成实验中发现L1的产率最高,达到89.8%,说明苯胺与直链胺相比亲核性更强,更有利于产物的生成。通过系统研究配合物1～8对甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)聚合催化行为与催化剂结构、聚合反应条件的关系发现,当聚合时间为6 h,温度为90℃,单体与催化剂比例n(M)/n(Ni)为3000:1,主催剂和引发剂比例n(Ni)/n(AIBN)为2:1时,由2-乙酰基吡啶与对苯二胺缩合形成的双亚胺配体Ni(Ⅱ)配合物的催化活性最高,可达到4.3281×10⁴ g·mol^-1·h^-1。     

梳形接枝共聚物的合成(Ⅱ)——载体化钌卡宾络合物催化降冰片烯基聚苯乙烯的开环岐化聚合

由石油化工副产C₅馏份提取双环戊二烯(DCPD)、以聚合物负载三氟化硼为催化剂进行DCPD与烯丙基氯(AC)的Diels-Alder反应合成5-氯甲基-2-降冰片烯(NBCH₂Cl),经锂代反应后用以引发苯乙烯的活性阴离子聚合合成了降冰片烯(NB)基聚苯乙烯(PS)大分子环烯单体NB-PS,在聚合物负载钌卡宾络合物[RuCl₂(PPh₃)₂(=C=CHtBu)]催化(引发)作用下进行大分子单体NB-PS的开环歧化聚合(ROMP)合成了梳形接枝共聚物PNB-g-PS.实验结果表明所合成聚合物负载硼、钌络合物催化剂的性能均明显优于对应非负载体.讨论了上述催化剂的聚合物载体效应的机理及温度、溶剂等对活性阴离子聚合反应的影响.     

自负载吡啶双亚胺酸酯钒(Ⅲ)催化剂的合成及催化乙烯聚合

合成了一系列自负载吡啶双亚胺酸酯钒(Ⅲ)催化剂(V(Ⅲ)),并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、元素分析及核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)等技术手段对配合物进行了表征。 在倍半乙基氯化铝(EASC)活化下,V(Ⅲ)催化剂对乙烯聚合表现出很高的催化活性(7.2~12.1 g/(mol·h·Pa)),且自负载基团的链长对催化剂的活性及所得聚合物的性质影响较小。 同时,该类V催化剂催化乙烯与1-己烯共聚合性能良好,得到高相对分子质量(高达68.1×10³)的聚合物。 所得聚合物经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征,其微观结构为片层叠加结构。     

邻位大位阻取代基胺双酚钛(Ⅳ)配合物的合成、表征和催化乙烯(共)聚合研究

合成了一系列邻位大取代基四齿胺双酚配体钛配合物Me_2NCH_2CH_2N[CH_2-2-(3-R-5-~tBuC_6H_2)O]_2TiCl_2[2a,R=CPhMe_2;3a,R=CMePh_2;4a,R=CPh_3),对其结构进行了表征,研究了其催化乙烯均聚、乙烯/丙烯共聚及乙烯/1-己烯共聚性能,考察了配体结构及聚合反应条件对聚合行为的影响。与R=~tBu的已知配合物1a相比,这些新配合物在催化乙烯均聚和共聚时表现出较高的催化活性和良好的稳定性。在MAO活化下,催化乙烯聚合活性最高达1170kg PE/(mol Ti·h);在Al~iBu_3/Ph_3CB(C_6F_5)_4活化下,用配合物2a～4a得到的聚乙烯分子量最高可达113×10~4g/mol。在MAO活化下,1a～4a催化乙烯/丙烯共聚及乙烯/1-己烯共聚活性分别达到640kg polymer/(mol Ti·h)和1220kg polymer/(mol Ti·h);乙烯-丙烯共聚物分子量为3.1×10~4～17.4×10~4g/mol、乙烯-1-己烯共聚物分子量为4.9×10~4～15.5×10~4g/mol;所得乙烯-丙烯共聚物中丙烯单元含量最高可达36.9%(mol),乙烯-1-己烯共聚物中1-己烯单元含量最高为12.5%(mol)。催化剂配体空间位阻对共单体插入率有明显影响,随配体空间位阻增大,共单体插入率降低。     

RCOO-取代的镍(Ⅱ)配合物单组分高效催化乙烯均聚和共聚反应

合成并表征了含RCOO-基团的单核(Ni¹~Ni²)及双核(Ni³)镍配合物[(2,6-R₂-C₆H₃)—N=C(H)—(3-Ph-5-PhCOO-2-O-C₆H₂)-κ²-N,O]Ni(CH₃)(pyridine)](R=iPr;3,5-tBu₂C₆H₃),并用于催化乙烯均聚和共聚反应。 作为单组分催化剂,这些配合物可以有效地催化乙烯聚合得到中等相对分子质量的支化聚乙烯(PE)。 供电性的PhCOO—基团促进了催化剂Ni¹的引发,从而在低温下比Ni⁰活性更高。 引入大位阻的2,6-(3,5-二叔丁基苯基)苯胺基团,催化剂Ni²在5×10⁵ Pa下的活性高达1.8×10⁶ g PE mol^-1·Ni^-1·h^-1,是活性最高的水杨醛亚胺中性镍催化剂之一。 与相应的单核催化剂相比,双核催化剂Ni³对三苯基膦具有更好的耐受性。 这些催化剂可催化乙烯与1,5-己二烯、1,7-辛二烯、6-溴-1-己烯或10-十一烯酸甲酯的共聚合,制备功能化聚乙烯。     

ansa-Metallocene (R-Ph)2C(Cp)(Ind)MCl2 with electron withdrawing substituents on phenyl groups for olefin polymerization

The new ansa-complexes (R-Ph)₂C(Cp)(Ind)MCl₂ (R = CF₃, F, Cl; M = Ti, Zr or Hf) were synthesized from the reaction of dilithium salt of the corresponding ligands with appropriate group 4 metal halides. They were tested for ethylene homopolymerization and copolymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) at various ethylene pressures and temperatures. In the case of zirconocenes, complexes 2 (R = CF₃) and 8 (R = Cl) demonstrated much higher catalytic activity than complexes 10 (Ph₂C(Cp)(Ind)ZrCl₂) and 5 (R = F) in ethylene polymerization. The same trend was observed in titanocenes and hafnocenes. The electronic and geometric effects of substituents at the phenyl group on the polymerization activity were easily noticed. For the ethylene/1-hexene or 1-octene copolymerization, 2 also showed the highest catalytic activity, and the copolymers from complex 8 possessed the highest 1-hexene and 1-octene contents.     

New Half-sandwich Zirconium（IV） Complexes Containing Salicylaldimine Ligands： Synthesis,Characterizations and Catalytic Properties

Two new half-sandwich zirconium（IV） complexes bearing salicylaldimine ligands of the type Cp＊Zr[2-tBu-4-R-6-（CH=NiPr）C6H2O]C12[R=H（1）, tBu（2）] were prepared by the reaction of Cp＊ZrC13 with the corresponding lithium of salicylaldimine ligands 2-tBu-4-R-6-（CH=NiPr）C6H2OLi[R=H（LiLa）, tBu（LiLb）]. Com- plexes 1 and 2 were characterized by 1H NMR, BC NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. When activated with AliBu3 and Ph3CB（C6F5）4, both complexes 1 and 2 exhibited reasonable catalytic activities for ethylene polymeriza- tion, producing polyethylenes with moderate molecular weight. Complexes 1 and 2 also exhibited reasonable catalyt- ic activities for ethylene copolymerization with 1-hexene, producing poly（ethylene-co-l-hexene）s with moderate molecular weight and reasonable 1-hexene content.     

柄型金属有机化合物(Ⅵ)——四甲基二硅氧桥连不对称茂金属化合物的合成、结构及催化乙烯聚合

四甲基二硅氧桥连不对称环戊二烯基及茚基配体C₅H₅Me₂SiOSiMe₂Cp′H相继与丁基锂及MCl₄·2THF作用,生成四甲基二硅氧桥连不对称茂金属化合物(Me₂SiOSiMe₂)(C₅H₄)(Cp′)MCl₂[Cp′=C₅H₃Bu^t,M=Ti(1),Zr(2);Cp′=C₉H₆,M=Ti(3),Zr(4)].通过元素分析、MS和¹H NMR谱表征了化合物的分子结构,并通过X射线衍射分析测定了化合物1的晶体结构.研究了在MAO(甲基铝氧烷)的助催化下,化合物1～4对乙烯聚合的催化性能.     

Tris(pyrazolyl)methane–chromium(III) complexes as highly active catalysts for ethylene polymerization

Reaction of complex CrCl₃(THF)₃ with the tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands, HC(Pz)₃, HC(3,5-Me₂Pz)₃ and their substituted derivatives RC(Pz)₃ (R = Me, CH₂OH, CH₂OSO₂Me) in THF lead to the formation of neutral complexes of the types [RC(Pz)₃CrCl₃] and [RC(3,5-Me₂Pz)₃CrCl₃]. After reaction with methylalumoxane (MAO) these complexes are active in the polymerization of ethylene. The substituent on the methane central carbon atom of the ligand has some influence in polymerization behavior. This compounds present higher activities than similar chromium complexes, in the ethylene polymerization reaction.     

Synthesis of titanium(IV) complexes that contain the Bis(silylamide) ligand of the type [1,8-C10H6(NR)2], and alkene polymerization catalyzed by [1,8-C10H6(NR)2]TiCl2-cocatalyst system

[1,8-C₁₀H₆(NR)₂]TiCl₂ (3; R=SiMe₃, SiⁱBuMe₂, SiⁱPr₃) complexes have been prepared from dilithio salts [1,8-C₁₀H₆(NR)₂]Li₂ (2) and TiCl₄ in diethyl ether in moderate yields (60–63%). These complexes showed significant catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization and for ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO), methyl isobutyl aluminoxane (MMAO), AlⁱBu₃– or AlEt₃–Ph₃CB(C₆F₅)₄ as a cocatalyst. The catalytic activities performed in heptane (cocatalyst MMAO) were higher than those carried out in toluene (cocatalyst MAO): 709 kg-PE/mol-Ti·h could be attained for ethylene polymerization by using [1,8-C₁₀H₆(NSiⁱBuMe₂)₂]TiCl₂–MMAO catalyst system.     

吡唑亚胺镍配合物的合成、表征及催化1, 3-丁二烯聚合

合成了一系列吡唑亚胺二齿Ni(Ⅱ)配合物(4a~4e), 并通过红外光谱、元素分析及单晶衍射等对配合物进行了表征。 配合物4b属于单斜晶系, 以Ni原子为中心形成扭曲的三角双锥构型。 该系列配合物在倍半乙基氯化铝(EASC)的活化下, 对1, 3-丁二烯聚合表现出较高的顺-1, 4选择性, 得到了相对分子质量为4500~9000、顺-1, 4含量在91%左右的液体聚丁二烯。 随着取代基空间位阻的增大, 催化活性逐渐减低。 进一步详细研究了Al/Ni摩尔比和温度对聚合的影响。 在20~60 ℃范围内, 催化活性随着聚合温度的升高而提高, 聚合温度为80 ℃时, 聚合物收率仅略有降低, 表明该系列催化剂产生的活性中心具有良好的高温稳定性。     

Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene and norbornadiene by tungsten(II) and molybdenum(II) complexes

The reaction of norbornene (NBE) and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of seven-coordinate tungsten(II) and molybdenum(II) complexes of the [(CO)₄M(μ-Cl)₃M(SnCl₃)(CO)₃] and [MCl(M′Cl₃)(CO)₃(NCMe)₂] (M=W, Mo; M′=Sn, Ge) types leads to ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and to the formation of high molecular weight polymers. The geometric structure of these polymers was determined by means of ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The monitoring of the reaction between cyclic olefins and the metal complex by means of ¹H-NMR spectroscopy allowed us to observe the coordination of NBD to metal atoms in the initiation step of the polymerization process. Compounds of the [MCl(SnCl₃)(CO)₃(η⁴-NBD)] type prepared directly from [(CO)₄M(μ-Cl)₃M(SnCl₃)(CO)₃] or [MCl(M′Cl₃)(CO)₃(NCMe)₂] (M=W, Mo) in the presence of an excess of NBD initiate the ROMP reaction immediately. The detection of the first-formed products in the reaction between the metal complex and cyclic olefins provides valuable information concerning the nature of the initiating species.     

Olefin polymerization by (cyclopentadienyl)(ketimide)titanium(IV) complexes of the type, Cp′TiCl2(N=CBu2)-methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalyst systems

Effects of substituents on cyclopentadienyl group for homopolymerization of ethylene, 1-hexene, and for ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization using a series of nonbridged (cyclopentadienyl)(ketimide)titanium complexes of the type, Cp′TiCl₂(N=C^tBu₂) [Cp′ = Cp (1), ^tBuC₅H₄ (2), C₅Me₅ (Cp^*, 3), and indenyl (4)] have been explored in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst. Complexes 1–3 showed the similar catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization although the activity by 4 was somewhat low, whereas the activity for 1-hexene polymerization increased in the order 1 > 4 2 > 3. These complexes showed significant activities for ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization affording high molecular weight poly(ethylene-co-1-hexene)s with unimodal molecular weight distributions, and the activity increased in the order: 4 > 1 2, 3. The r_Er_H values in the polymerization by 1–3 at 40 °C were 0.35–0.52 which clearly indicate that the 1-hexene incorporation in the copolymerization did not proceed in a random manner. The r_E values by 1–3 were 6.0–6.4 and the values were independent upon the cyclopentadienyl fragment employed; the r_E values by 4 at 40 °C were 10.2–10.9 which were close to those by ansa-metallocene complex catalysts. These values were influenced by the polymerization temperature, and the 1-hexene incorporation by 1–4 became inefficient at higher temperature, although the observed activities especially by 1, 4 were highly remarkable.     

Y-shaped block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) synthesized by ATRP

Novel Y-shaped block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide),PEG-b-(PNIPAM)_2,were successfully synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP).A difunctional macroinitiator was prepared by esterification of 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether(PEG).The copolymers were obtained via the ATRP of N-isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) at 30℃with CuCl/Me_6TREN as a catalyst system and DMF/H_2O(v/v = 3:1) mixture as solvent.The resulting copo...