气相色谱法测定鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草中有机氯农药

采用气相色谱法测定鄱阳湖湿地环境标示物灰化苔草中8种有机氯农药。灰化苔草样品采集后,经处理成干样,用丙酮-石油醚(1+1)超声提取,浓缩至尽干,用甲醇溶解后,在Aglilent19091-413色谱柱上分离,采用电子捕获检测器检测。8种有机氯农药的质量浓度在2.00~100.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.6~1.3μg·L-1之间。对灰化苔草样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在80.4%~114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%~5.9%之间。     

液液萃取分离-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中12种有机氯农药

采用液液萃取分离-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水中12种有机氯农药的含量。样品经正己烷提取,在气相色谱分离中用DB-5MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。12种有机氯农药在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限在0.002~0.032μg·L~(-1)之间,测定下限在0.008~0.128μg·L~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在99.1%~126%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.3%~9.3%之间。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定沉香中20种有机氯农药残留量

应用毛细管气相色谱法测定沉香中20种有机氯农药的残留量。样品以乙酸乙酯提取,提取液用凝胶色谱-固相萃取(GPC-SEP)进行净化。采用DB-1701P石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm)分离样品,电子捕获检测器进行检测。20种有机氯农药的线性范围均为1~50μg·L-1,检出限均为0.1μg·kg-1。方法用于沉香样品分析,加标回收率在95.8%~114%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.3%~3.8%之间。     

QuEChERS法结合气相色谱-质谱法同时测定葡萄酒中16种农药残留

采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定葡萄酒中有机磷类及有机氯类等16种农药残留。样品经酸化乙腈提取后,提取液采用QuEChERS前处理法,经N-丙基乙二胺-石墨化碳黑-C18粉末净化。净化液采用Agilent HP-5MS色谱柱分离,质谱中采用电子轰击离子源-选择离子监测模式。16种农药的线性范围为0.05~2.00mg·L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.006~0.060mg·kg-1之间。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在87.6%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.77%~6.9%之间。方法可以用于葡萄酒中农药残留的进出口检测。     

超声提取-气相色谱法同时测定稻谷中18种有机氯农药和7种多氯联苯

以正己烷-二氯甲烷(3+2)混合液作提取溶剂,对稻谷样品进行超声提取,所得提取液经硅酸镁载体层析柱净化,选择正己烷-丙酮(9+1)混合液作淋洗液。用气相色谱法测定了稻谷中18种有机氯农药和7种多氯联苯的含量。结果表明:此25种化合物的质量浓度均在5.00~200.0μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的峰面积之间呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.01~0.20μg·L~(-1)之间。以空白样品作基体进行加标回收试验,测得回收率在71.8%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%~11%之间。     

气相色谱法测定芝麻中有机氯农药残留量

提出了超声波辅助提取-浓硫酸净化-气相色谱法测定芝麻中多种有机氯农药残留量的方法。在保证足够的准确度、精密度和灵敏度的前提下,对提取溶剂和超声辅助提取的条件进行了优化实验。选择石油醚-丙酮(7∶3,V/V)在40±2℃水浴中超声提取40 min,用浓硫酸净化,各种有机氯农药的回收率在83.4%~109.2%之间,RSD为1.01%~6.21%。该方法消耗溶剂少,能较好用于实际样品分析。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法检测血清中有机氯农药残留的研究

建立了血清中DDTs和BHCs共8种有机氯农药残留的固相萃取-气相色谱检测方法。样品经超声酸化沉淀蛋白后,采用正己烷-丙酮(9∶1)经Cleanert ODS C18N固相萃取小柱提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化,氮气吹干,以500μL正己烷定容,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)进行定量分析。结果表明,方法的线性范围2~200 ng/m L,相关系数(r)为0.996 4~0.999 0,检出限(LOD)为0.1~0.9 ng/m L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.4~3.0 ng/m L。8种农药的回收率为80.5%~112.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.1%~7.9%。该方法具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于血清样品中痕量有机氯农药的检测。     

毛细管柱气相色谱法测定人血清中有机氯农药残留量

提出了毛细管气相色谱测定人血清中有机氯农药残留量的方法。利用正己烷超声提取人血清样品中有机氯农药六六六和滴滴涕,所得萃取液作气相色谱测定,用甲酸及浓硫酸净化、磺化处理后,电子捕获检测器检测。在优化的试验条件下,8种有机氯农药同分异构化合物组分在20 min内能够很好的分离,其质量浓度与色谱峰面积在0.4～10μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.07～0.30μg·L~(-1)之间。方法的日内的相对标准偏差为2.9%～5.4%,日间的相对标准偏差为4.5%～8.9%。方法的加标回收率在81.5%～117.6%范围。     

茶叶中25种有机氯农药多残留气相色谱测定方法

利用气相色谱(GC)建立了茶叶中25种有机氯农药同时测定的方法。茶叶中有机氯农药残留通过正己烷-丙酮(体积比2∶1)溶液提取,浓缩后过弗罗里硅土柱净化,采用正己烷-乙酸乙酯(体积比9∶1)溶液淋洗,淋洗液吹氮至干后以正己烷定容供GC测定。标准工作曲线范围在0.005~0.500mg/L之间。在茶叶样品中0.005~0.100mg/kg水平有机氯混标加标回收率在71%~110%之间,相对标准偏差在4.6%~13.7%之间。除乙酯杀螨醇定量下限为8.0μg/kg以外,其余24种有机氯农药定量下限均为5.0μg/kg。     

超声波溶剂提取-气相色谱法测定烟草及烟草制品中19种有机氯农药残留

建立了超声波溶剂提取-气相色谱法同时测定烟草及其制品中19种有机氯农药残留。样品采用正己烷-丙酮超声提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化后,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测法(GC-ECD)进行检测。结果发现,19种有机氯农药加标回收率均在72%以上,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.1%～9.0%,能满足当前烟草中有机氯农药残留的同时快速检测要求。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.