电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定文丘里泥中铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、碲、汞

建立了测定文丘里泥中铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、碲和汞含量的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法。于180～300℃采用逆王水溶液、氟化氢铵溶液和酒石酸溶液分解试样，选用Cu 324.754 nm、Pb 216.996 nm、As 189.042 nm、Sb 206.883nm、Bi 190.234 nm、Te 214.281 nm、Hg 184.950 nm为分析谱线，以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定文丘里泥中铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、碲和汞含量。在最优的实验条件下，各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999。铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、碲和汞的检出限分别为0.000 3%、0.000 7%、0.000 4%、0.000 2%、0.000 8%、0.000 3%和0.000 4%。文丘里泥实际样品中铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、碲和汞测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.11%～3.5%(n=7)，加标回收率为95.0%～106%。     

布洛芬注射液包材相容性研究中铅、镉、砷、锑的测定

建立中性硼硅玻璃包材加速试验后布洛芬注射液中铅、镉、砷、锑含量的检测方法。采用微波消解仪以硝酸分解样品,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪测定铅、镉含量,测定波长铅为283.3 nm,镉为228.8 nm,铅、镉分别在5.0~50.0,0.5~5.0μg/L范围内有良好的线性,相关系数分别为0.999 7,0.996 2,检出限分别为0.26,0.01μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.06%,2.40%(n=6),加标回收率分别为100.2%~101.9%,97.1%~105.1%。用原子荧光光谱仪测定砷、锑含量,测定波长砷为193.7 nm,锑为217.6 nm,砷、锑在1~10μg/L范围内均有良好的线性,相关系数分别为0.999 9,0.999 5,检出限分别为0.03,0.01μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.04%,2.65%(n=6),加标回收率分别为94.2%~96.5%,92.6%~96.5%。该测定方法快速,灵敏度高,适用于内包装材料加速试验后药品中重金属元素含量变化的研究。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铅铋合金中的铅、铋、金、银、铜、砷、锑、锡和碲

建立快速测定铅铋合金中铅、铋、金、银、铜、砷、锑、锡、碲含量的X射线荧光光谱法。采用自制的铅铋合金样品作为标准样品,用台式车床制样,用X射线荧光光谱法快速测定铅铋合金中各元素含量,并用α理论系数法和经验系数法相结合对基体效应进行校正。各组分校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.998,检出限为5.54～101μg/g,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.06%～7.73%(n=9)。用该方法对3个铅铋合金样品进行分析,测定结果与参考值吻合,相对误差小于8.33%。该方法简便快捷,结果准确,能满足铅铋合金中各元素检测要求,对炉前分析具有很强的实用价值。     

原子荧光光谱法快速测定锑矿石中的汞、铋、硒

用王水直接水浴分解样品,硝酸、高氯酸湿法消解,酒石酸掩蔽锑,应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)不经分离直接测定锑矿石中微量杂质元素汞、铋、硒的含量。汞、铋、硒的标准系列浓度分别在0.000 0~0.006 0、0.000~0.060、0.000~0.010 mg/L范围内与荧光强度具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为1.000 0、0.999 9、0.999 8,其加标回收率分别为95%~102%、99%~102%、99%~105%。相对标准偏差分别为0.82%~1.1%、1.1%~6.4%、1.6%~2.1%(n=8)。该方法对汞、铋、硒的检出限分别为2.0×10-11、4.1×10-11、4.0×10-10g/mL。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜阳极泥中锑

铜阳极泥是铜电解精炼时落于电解槽底的泥状细粒物质,为不溶性残渣,其成分复杂,常含有铜、硒、银、金、铅、碲、锑、铋、砷等多种元素,是提取银、金、铂族等有价金属的重要原料。铜阳极泥中锑的含量较高,常用硫酸铈滴定法测定锑量,由于共存元素多,体系复杂,且碲等元素干扰严重,终点不明显,检测结果重现性较差;若将锑与干扰元素分离,     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定纯银中镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲

样品用硝酸溶解,加入过量盐酸沉淀分离银,过滤后利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲,方法检出限分别为:0.0028,0.0075,0.0036,0.011,0.010,0.021,0.0075,0.0039μg/mL;加标回收率为98.1%～114.3%;RSD小于4.2%,方法能同时准确测定镉、铋、铁、铅、锑、钯、硒、碲,满足日常分析要求。     

蒸气发生–原子荧光法连续测定化探样品中微量砷、锑、铋、汞、硒、碲

建立了连续测定化探样品中微量砷、锑、铋、汞、硒、碲的原子荧光光谱法。研究了酸度、KBH4溶液浓度、基体改进剂等条件对荧光强度的影响。在优化的实验条件下,砷、锑、铋、汞、硒、碲的检出限分别为0.011,0.006,0.020,0.002 5,0.005,0.002 mg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为1.30%,4.64%,3.76%,5.46%,2.04%,3.41%(n=11),准确度大于98%。该方法简便,成本低,检测结果准确,检出限、准确度及精密度均能达到行业规范要求,可用于化探样品中微量元素测试。     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定高纯铜中痕量杂质砷硒锡

Bedard曾用氢化物火焰原子吸收法测定电解铜中砷、硒、碲、锡;Mullen用石墨炉原子吸收法测定高纯铜中硒、碲、铋、锑及砷,结果基体铜对测定均有干扰,因此,分别用氢氧化镧、氢氧化铁共沉淀欲测元素,与铜分离后再进行测定。Haynes测定高纯铜中砷、锑、硒、碲;Barnett测定铁合     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定纯金中的13种杂质元素

提出了使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定纯金中银、铜、铁、铅、锑、铋、钯、镁、锡、镍、锰、铬、砷13种杂质元素的分析方法。采用王水处理样品,以铑作为内标元素,不用分离基体,以王水作为测定介质,在最佳的仪器工作条件下直接测定。铁、铜、铅、锑、铋、钯、银、镍、镁、砷、锡、锰、铬的检出限分别为:1.80,0.86,1.23,0.90,0.26,0.39,1.05,0.33,1.61,2.30,1.15,1.05,0.89ng/mL,回收率在98.6%～102.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.0%～3.0%。方法具有灵敏度高、检出限低、干扰少、不用分离基体、分析速度快、能够进行多元素同时分析等特点,特别适合于生产企业的质量控制分析。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定贵金属车间外排水中的铜、硒、碲

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定贵金属外排水中铜、硒、碲3种元素含量的分析方法。选择仪器的最佳工作条件为射频功率1 150 W,雾化器流速0.5L/min,观测高度12mm。确定了各元素测定谱线铜327.396nm、硒196.090nm、碲214.281nm作为各元素的分析线,方法的回收率在98%~103%,测定结果相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.97%~3.1%,检出限铜为0.001μg/mL、硒为0.010μg/mL、碲为0.007μg/mL,方法快速,简捷,有良好的精密度和准确度,能够满足日常生产检测需要。     

Determination of volatile hydride-forming metals in steel by atomic absorption spectrometry

A scheme of analysis is presented for the determination of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, lead, selenium, tellurium and tin in steel by evolution of their volatile hydrides and subsequent atomic absorption spectrometry in an argon—hydrogen-entrained air flame. The method is rapid and applicable to a wide range of steels. Detection limits in steel of 1 p.p.m. for arsenic, antimony, bismuth, selenium and tellurium, 2 p.p.m. for tin and 7 p.p.m. for lead are reported. There is some interference in the determination of lead from copper and nickel, but the method could become a viable alternative to existing procedures in the determination of lead in steels of low alloy content, and in irons. Accuracy and precision data are presented.     

Separations involving sulphides : Separation of bismuth,cadmium and indium from various other elements that form thiosalts

It has been shown that 2N sodium sulphide reagent can be successfully used in separating tellurium, molybdenum, antimony or rhenium from bismuth., platinum, gold, selenium, rhenium, arsenic, molybdenum or tellurium from cadmium; platinum, gold, selenium, rhenium, arsenic, molybdenum, tellurium or antimony from indium.It is not possible to separate quantitatively arsenic, platinum, gold or selenium from bismuth; antimony from cadmium; and tin from bismuth, cadmium or indium.     

The analysis of copper refinery slimes

Methods are reviewed for the determination of the following constituents of copper refinery slimes: aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, calcium, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, platinum metals, selenium, silicon, silver, sulphur, tellurium, tin and zinc.     

Influence of volatile hydride-forming elements on antimony determination by atomic-absorption spectrometry with hydride-generation

A study was undertaken to determine the interfering effects of arsenic, bismuth, germanium, lead, selenium, tin and tellurium on trace determination of antimony by atomic-absorption spectrometry with hydride-generation. A 1% NaBH(4) solution was used as reductant and a small amount of oxygen was added to the hydrogen produced, to support the combustion and atomization of SbH(3). The interference from selenium in the determination of antimony is removed if potassium iodide-ascorbic acid solution or copper sulphate is added to the sample solution. The interference of tin and tellurium can also be avoided by adding potassium iodide-ascorbic acid solution. A possible interference mechanism is discussed.     

Simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, selenium and tin by gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry after two step hydride generation and preconcentration in a cold trap system

A cold trap system for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, antimony, selenium and tin by continuous hydride generation and gas phase molecular absorption spectrometry is described. The hydride generation is carried out in two steps; first, tin hydride is generated at low acidity and second, arsenic, antimony and selenium hydrides are formed at higher acidity. All the hydrides are collected in a liquid nitrogen cryogenic trap and transported to the flow cell of a diode array spectrophotometer, where molecular absorption spectra are obtained in the 190-250 nm range. Five calibration solutions containing arsenic, antimony, selenium and tin are solved using multiple linear regression analysis. Tests are performed in order to extend the same manifold to other hydrides but no signals are obtained for bismuth, cadmium, lead, tellurium and germanium. Under the optimum conditions found and using the wavelengths of maximum sensitivity (190, 198, 220 and 194 nm), the analytical characteristics of each element are calculated. The detection limits are 0.050, 0.020, 0.12 and 1.1 mug ml(-1) and the RSD values are 3.7, 3.1, 3.5 and 3.0% for As, Sb, Se and Sn, respectively. The method is applied to As, Sb, Se and Sn determination in natural spiked water samples.     

Na2EDTA滴定法测定粗二氧化碲中铅含量

建立了用氢溴酸消除锑、砷、锡干扰,用硫酸将铅形成硫酸铅沉淀,再用EDTA络合滴定法测定粗二氧化碲中铅量的方法。试样用硝酸、盐酸溶解,用硫酸沉淀铅,氢溴酸消除锑、砷、锡的干扰后,过滤分离其他共存元素,以乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液溶解硫酸铅沉淀,在pH=5.0～6.0时,以二甲酚橙作指示剂,用Na_2EDTA溶液滴定溶液中铅含量。实验结果表明,氢溴酸加入量为15mL,酒石酸加入量为10mL,沉淀体积为50～60mL,沉淀时间1h以上时,方法相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.10%～1.1%,加标回收率为97.1%～102%,满足粗二氧化碲中铅量的生产控制检测要求。     

Coprecipitation with yttrium phosphate as a separation technique for iron(III), lead, and bismuth from cobalt, nickel, and copper matrices

The coprecipitation behavior of 44 elements (47 ions because of chromium(III,VI), arsenic(III,V), and antimony(III,V)) with yttrium phosphate was investigated at various pHs. Yttrium phosphate could quantitatively coprecipitate iron(III), lead, bismuth, and indium over a wide pH range; however, 18 ions, including alkali metals and oxo anions, such as vanadium(V), chromium(VI), molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), germanium(IV), arsenic(III,V), selenium(IV), and tellurium(VI), were scarcely collected. In addition, 19 ions, including cobalt, nickel, and copper(II), were hardly coprecipitated at pHs below about 3. Based on these results, the separation of iron(III), lead, and bismuth from cobalt, nickel, and copper(II) matrices was investigated. Iron(III), lead, and bismuth ranging from 0.5 to 25 μg could be separated effectively from a solution containing 0.5 g of cobalt, nickel, or copper at pH 3.0. The separated iron(III), lead, and bismuth could be determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using internal standardization. The detection limits (3σ, n = 7) of iron(III), lead, and bismuth were 0.008, 0.137, and 0.073 μg, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the analyses of metals and chlorides of cobalt, nickel, and copper.     

化学蒸气发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定高纯金中的痕量As,Sb,Bi,Te

采用化学蒸气发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法测定了高纯金中的痕量砷、锑、铋和碲。用乙酸乙脂萃取分离金,水相还原后采用化学蒸气发生-四通道原子荧光光谱法测定高纯金中的痕量砷、锑、铋和碲。在最佳条件下,方法对As,Sb,Bi,Te的检出限分别为0.04,0.05,0.04,0.03 ng/mL(3σ);测定精密度分别为0.98,0.89,0.94,0.99%(对10 ng/mL As,Sb,Bi和Te混合标准,n=7)。方法对实际样品中的As,Sb,Bi,Te进行了同时测定,测定结果与标准方法无明显差异,各元素的加标回收率为95%～105%。