金属主链高分子的量子化学计算

金属主链高分子是一类完全以金属原子作为主链的新材料,在光电、传感、电化学储能等领域都具有重要的应用前景.但是,如何获得具有较高分子量的金属主链高分子,仍然是一个挑战.本文通过密度泛函理论计算方法,对镍金属主链高分子进行了结构优化和稳定性分析,发现随着聚合物分子量的增加,镍金属主链高分子的单点能逐渐降低,说明高分子量的金属主链高分子具有稳定的分子构型.但是,随着分子量的进一步提高,计算量显著增加,密度泛函理论计算方法收敛困难.为此,本文进一步通过Hartree-Fock计算方法对该系列镍金属主链高分子进行了分子构型优化,得到了与密度泛函理论计算结果相似的规律,并且发现当分子量超过1×10⁴时,金属主链高分子仍然具有较高的结构稳定性.此外,这种电子离域在整个金属主链上的独特金属-金属的相互作用有利于实现电荷的高效传输;以金属原子为重复单元的分子结构,有望实现金属和高分子材料性能的有效结合,可以获得较高的热失重温度和熵弹性.     

一种新型含硅氧烷间隔基元的半芳香族共聚酰胺

通过芳香族亲核取代反应合成了一系列含硅氧烷基元主链结构的半芳香族共聚酰胺.研究发现,共聚酰胺具有较高的分子量和较窄的分子量分布.硅氧烷结构的引入不仅赋予了共聚酰胺低的吸水率,而且使其能保持良好的力学性能,当硅氧烷结构含量为10 mol%时,拉伸强度达到80.0 MPa,缺口冲击强度为4.8 kJ/m~2,可与商品化HTN产品相媲美.阻燃性能测试结果可知,在不添加磷、卤等传统阻燃剂的情况下,随着硅氧烷结构含量的增加,共聚酰胺表现出良好的阻燃抗熔滴效果.当共聚酰胺中硅氧烷结构含量为10 mol%时,极限氧指数可达33.5%,可通过UL-94垂直燃烧V-0级.     

无机-有机杂化树枝状香蕉形液晶化合物的合成与表征

利用硅氢加成反应制备得到8个香蕉形液晶基元尾接于六面体倍半硅氧烷的8个顶点之上的杂化树枝状香蕉形液晶化合物.此化合物的化学结构通过核磁、红外、元素分析和GPC表征.一维和二维X-射线衍射研究表明,该化合物具有两个双层近晶C相;对样品施加三角波电压后显示该化合物具有反铁电性.     

聚-γ-二苯基膦丙基硅氧烷-铂络合物的催化加氢活性和稳定性

一些高分子金属催化剂能够在常温常压下催化烯烃的加氢反应,具有很高的催化活性和选择性,而且容易回收.这些高分子催化剂所用的载体是以C—C键为主链的有机高聚物.Semikolenov等曾制备过以二氧化硅为载体的有机硅高聚物—金属络合物,即二氧化硅—聚-β-氰乙基硅氧烷—钯络合物作为烯烃的加氢催化剂,但是它的催化活性很低.我们曾经报道过二氧化硅—聚-γ-氰丙基硅氧烷—钯络合物,简写为[SiO_2—     

硫化聚合物锂离子电池正极材料的研究进展

用单质硫对聚合物进行硫化,可以制备具有电化学活性的导电高分子材料.这些材料用作锂离子电池正极活性材料,可获得较高的比容量.综述了聚二乙基硅氧烷、聚乙烯、聚乙炔、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈等聚合物通过单质硫在200～360℃下硫化所制得的导电高分子材料的电化学特性.     

超支化聚(β-环糊精)的合成与表征

通过硅氢加成反应, 以ABx型功能化β-环糊精大单体为原料, 采用一步法合成出新型超支化聚(β-环糊精)高分子. ABx大单体由单取代对甲苯磺酰化β-CD依次与烯丙基胺、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(含氢双封头)及丙烯酰氯反应得到. 采用1H NMR, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR和飞行时间质谱对ABx大单体及其聚合物的结构进行了表征. 利用凝胶渗透色谱/多角度激光光散射(SEC/MALLS)联用仪得到了超支化聚(β-环糊精)的分子量、分子量分布及本体黏度.     

分批投料模式下加核自缩合乙烯基体系的Monte Carlo模拟

通过Monte Carlo 模拟方法对加核自缩合乙烯基体系在分批投料模式下的聚合行为进行研究, 考察了引发核的加入时间及分批投料方式对超支化高分子的重均分子量及多分散指数的影响. 研究结果表明, 不同的分批投料方式对超支化高分子的重均分子量和多分散性具有显著的调控作用. 通过调整投料方式、 投料次数、 引发核官能度和转化率等因素, 可以得到分子量较高且多分散性较好的超支化高分子.     

环基高分子缩聚体系的统计特征

针对由RBf型环形高分子和ABg型单体构成的环基高分子缩聚体系,从环基高分子的尺寸分布导出相应的高分子矩,进而给出环基高分子的数均分子量和重均分子量以及多分散指数等物理量.在此基础上,集中探讨了两类反应物的摩尔比、环形高分子的官能度及聚合度(分子量)对环基(环基链状和环基支化)高分子性质的影响.鉴于环形高分子对环基高分子相关特征的贡献可以发生主次转变,进而根据其数均分子量得到发生转变的反应程度.结果表明,环基高分子的多分散指数随着环形高分子官能度的增加而单调降低,但与反应物的摩尔比无关,而表征环形高分子贡献发生逆转的反应程度则与其官能度、聚合度及反应物的摩尔比密切相关.相关研究可为阐明环基高分子缩聚反应体系的统计特征提供有益的线索.     

聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷铑络合物的合成及其对烯烃和硝基苯氢化的催化活性

负载型络合催化剂的研究十分活跃,涉及很多的高分子载体、配位基和中心金属.Moreto等报导过聚γ-(p-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷铑络合物,Allum报导了聚δ-(p-二苯磷苯基)丁基硅氧烷铑络合物.我们曾合成了聚γ-(m-二苯膦苯基)丙基硅氧烷钯络     

聚苯乙烯二苯基膦-钯络合物的合成及其加氢催化活性

高分子金属络合物催化剂具有独特的优点,近十年来发展很快.有不少工作是关于含铑、钯、铂和钌等金属的高分子催化剂用于催化烯烃和炔烃等的加氢.据报道,由二氯化钯与线性聚苯乙烯二苯基膦或聚-γ-氨丙基硅氧烷反应制得的催化剂,对烯烃和炔烃的加氢反应具有很高的催化活性.该催化剂比Bailar制得的催化剂活性高.     

Siloxane and silsesquioxane molecules--precursors for silicate materials

Preparation of ceramics by sol-gel method has been known for many years, but recently it has been developed as a method for the synthesis of nanostructural ceramic materials. Hydrolytic polycondensation of simple molecules [e.g. most widely used tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)] leads to xerogel materials that can contain macromolecules of distinct random, ladder and cage or partial cage structure. In order to obtain well-defined silsesquioxanes it is preferred to start the process with more complex molecules, bringing in a specific framework that can govern the structure of the product. In the presented work alkoxy derivatives of cyclosiloxanes and polysiloxanes as well as a hydride derivative of octahedral silsequioxane (T(8)(H)) were applied as precursors in the process of hydrolytic polycondensation. Depending on the reaction conditions, silsesquioxane macromolecules or silica material of ordered structure were obtained. We have prepared mesoporous organiosilica materials without using any template or surfactant whatsoever. The meso-pores are created due to the unique structure of initial oligosiloxane or silsequioxane molecules and the specific interactions in the used catalyst/solvent system. In the case of octasilsesquioxane precursor, the condensation process gives directly mesoporous silica material. Dried polysilsesquioxanes were heated at the temperature of 600°C in argon or air atmosphere (pyrolysis or ceramization). In the atmosphere of argon SiC(x)O(y) glass materials were obtained.     

Aluminum Oxide Coated Cellulose Fibers Modified with n-Propylpyridinium Chloride Silsesquioxane Polymer: Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption of Some Metal Halides from Ethanol Solution

Aluminum oxide coated cellulose fibers were modified, by an impregnation procedure, with n-propylpyridinium chloride silsesquioxane polymer. Good adherence of the polymer to the surface of modified cellulose fibers was obtained due to the Al-O-Si bond formation. The metal X-ray mapping showed that aluminum oxide and the silsequioxane polymer (Al and Si mapping) are highly dispersed on the fiber's surface. The ion exchange capacity of the material, determined on basis of exchangeable chloride ions, was 1.1 mmol g-1. The adsorption isotherms of FeCl3, CuCl2, and ZnCl2 from ethanol solutions were determined for each metal. The adsorption capacities were (in mmol g-1): FeCl3 = 0.82, CuCl2 approximately ZnCl2 = 0.37. The metal ions are adsorbed as anionic complex species by the following equilibrium reaction: + MCln right arrow over left arrow Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Studies on core–shell structural nano-micelles based on star block copolymer of poly(lactide) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)

Inorganic/polymer hybrid star-shaped block copolymer nano-micelles were synthesized. In the synthetic route, multi-hydroxyl polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane(POSS-(OH)₃₂) was employed as the starting molecule to initiate ring-opening polymerization of d,l-lactide. 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate was found to polymerize at the end of polylactic acid chains, following mechanism of atom transfer radical polymerization. The well-defined star block copolymer core–shell nano-micelles were finally obtained. The structures of the copolymer and the micelles were characterized extensively. The micelles exhibited a regular spherical shape with an average diameter of 170 nm which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic laser scattering. The sizes of both the core and the shell were controlled by adjusting the feed ratios during the syntheses. The micelles demonstrated pH- and temperature-sensitive behaviors.     

Plasma surface modification and characterization of POSS-based nanocomposite polymeric thin films

The effect of a remote oxygen plasma on nanocomposite hybrid polymer thin films of poly[(propylmethacryl-heptaisobutyl-polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane)-co-(methylmethacrylate)] (POSS-MA) has been examined by advancing contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE). Exposure to a 25 W remote oxygen-containing plasma was found to convert the surface of POSS-MA films from hydrophobic to hydrophilic within 20 s. The exposure time needed for this conversion to occur decreased as the O2/N2 ratio in the plasma environment increased, indicating a positive correlation between the hydrophilicity and the presence of oxygen in the plasma. Local bonding information inferred from high-resolution XPS data showed that the isobutyl bonding to the POSS moiety is replaced with oxygen as a result of plasma exposure. Finally, VASE data demonstrates that increasing the weight percent of POSS in the copolymer significantly impedes the oxygen plasma degradation of POSS-MA films. On the basis of these results, a model is presented in which the oxygen plasma removes isobutyl groups from the POSS cages and leaves a SiO2-like surface that is correspondingly more hydrophilic than the surface of the untreated samples and is more resistant to oxidation by the plasma. The ability to modify surfaces in this manner may impact the utility of this material for biomedical applications such as microfluidic devices in which the ability to control surface chemistry is critical.     

Ion Selective Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Saccharin Using a Thin Film of Silsesquioxane 3-n-Propylpyridinium Chloride Polymer Coated-Graphite Rod

ABSTRACT

A polymer coated graphite rod ion selective electrode for saccharin was constructed and evaluated for the determination of saccharin in artificial table top sweeteners. The polymer consists of a thin film of silsesquioxane 3-n-propylpyridinium chloride. The electrode response was based on the ion pair formed between saccharinate and the 3-n-propylpyridinium cation from the silsequioxane polymer. The electrode exhibits a Nernstian response for saccharin concentrations between 6.9×10^-6 and 5.3×10^-3 mol L^-1 and a detection limit of 5.5×10^-6 mol L^-1. The electrode response for saccharin was fast (10-20 s) and the potential independent of pH in the range of 3 to 7. The selectivity coefficients K _{A, B} ^pot for several anions usually present in commercial table top sweeteners were determined following the IUPAC recommendations. The potentiometric method with the ion selective electrode was validated by the HPLC reference method, through t8543226 determination of saccharin in commercial samples of table top sweeteners. The ion selective electrode is proved suitable for the routine quality control of table top sweeteners by potentiometry.     

Synthesis,morphology, and properties of hydroxyl terminated‐POSS/polyimide low‐k nanocomposite films

Polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS), having eight hydroxyl groups for the preparation of nanocomposites with polyimide (PI) was synthesized by the direct hydrosilylation of allyl alcohol with octasilsesquioxane (Q₈M₈^H) with platinum divinyltetramethyl disiloxane Pt(dvs) as a catalyst. The structure of allyl alcohol terminated‐POSS (POSS‐OH) was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, and XRD. A high performance, low‐k PI nanocomposite from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)‐4,4'‐oxydianiline (ODA) polyamic acid cured with POSS‐OH was also successfully synthesized. The incorporation of POSS‐OH into PI matrix reduced dielectric constant of PI without loosing mechanical properties. Furthermore, the effects of POSS‐OH on the morphology and properties of the PI/POSS‐OH nanocomposites were investigated using UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, transmission electron microscope (TEM), TGA, and contact angle. The homogeneous dispersion of POSS particles was confirmed by SEM, AFM, and TEM. The nanoindentation showed that the modulus increased upon increasing the concentration of POSS‐OH in PI, whereas the hardness did not increase very much with respect to loading of POSS, due to soft‐interphase around POSS molecules in the resulting nanocomposites. Overall results demonstrated the nanometer‐level integration of the polymer and POSS‐OH. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5887–5896, 2008     

Synthesis of poly(HEMA‐co‐AAm) hydrogels by visible‐light photopolymerization of aqueous solutions containing aspirin or ibuprofen: analysis of the initiation mechanism and the drug release

Recently, we reported the synthesis of hydrogels by visible‐light photopolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate and acrylamide, employing safranine O as sensitizer, and a functionalized silsequioxane (SFMA) as co‐initiator/crosslinker. The influence of the ionic character of a drug on its release rate from the hydrogels was also reported. In the present study, we analyzed the photoinitiation mechanism, the synthesis of hydrogels in the presence of aspirin (ASA) or ibuprofen (Ibu), and their release from hydrogels synthesized with variable SFMA concentrations. Concerning the photoinitiation mechanism, we found that the main contribution was the electron transfer reaction between the excited triplet state of safranine and SFMA, followed by a fast proton transfer reaction from secondary amine groups. The generated nitrogen radicals initiated the copolymerization reaction. The photoreaction quantum yield was 0.031. Concerning the drug‐release study, we found that the release rate of both drugs increased by increasing pH from 7 to 10. This was ascribed to the increase in the partial ionization of the carboxylic acid groups, a fact that reduced the interactions with the secondary amine groups present in SFMA and increased the release rate. The effect was larger for ASA than for Ibu. Increasing the amount of SFMA increased both the crosslink density and the fraction of H‐bonds formed with the drugs. At pH 10, the increment in the crosslink density was dominant for the release of Ibu while the increase in fraction of H‐bonds determined the release rate of ASA. Cytotoxicity studies showed that these materials did not exhibit significant hemolytic activity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Morphology,thermal stability,and flammability of polymer matrix composites coated with hybrid nanopapers

In this study, a hybrid nanopaper consisting of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane (POSS) or cloisite Na⁺ clay, has been fabricated through the papermaking process. The hybrid nanopaper was then coated on the surface of glass fiber (GF) reinforced polymer matrix composites through resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The morphologies of the hybrid nanopaper and resulting nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be seen that the nanopaper had a porous structure with highly entangled carbon nanofibers and the polyester resin completely penetrated the nanopaper throughout the thickness. The thermal decomposition behavior of the hybrid nanopapers and nanocomposites was studied with the real‐time thermogravimetric analysis/ flourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA/FTIR). The test results indicate that the addition of pristine nanoclay increased the thermal stability of the nanopaper, whereas the POSS particles decreased the thermal stability of the nanopaper. The fire retardant performance of composite laminates coated with the hybrid nanopaper was evaluated with cone calorimeter tests using a radiated heat flux of 50 kW/m². The cone calorimeter test results indicate that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased dramatically in composite laminates coated with the CNF‐clay nanopaper. However, the PHRRs of the CNF‐POSS nanopaper coated composite laminates increased. The formation of compact char materials was observed on the surface of the residues of the CNF‐clay nanopaper after cone calorimeter test. The flame retardant mechanisms of the hybrid nanopaper in the composite laminates are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solvent Vapor Annealing of Block Copolymers in Confined Topographies: Commensurability Considerations for Nanolithography

The directed self‐assembly of block copolymer (BCP) materials in topographically patterned substrates (i.e., graphoepitaxy) is a potential methodology for the continued scaling of nanoelectronic device technologies. In this Communication, an unusual feature size variation in BCP nanodomains under confinement with graphoepitaxially aligned cylinder‐forming poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) BCP is reported. Graphoepitaxy of PS‐b‐P4VP BCP line patterns (C_II) is accomplished via topo­graphy in hydrogen silsequioxane (HSQ) modified substrates and solvent vapor annealing (SVA). Interestingly, reduced domain sizes in features close to the HSQ guiding features are observed. The feature size reduction is evident after inclusion of alumina into the P4VP domains followed by pattern transfer to the silicon substrate. It is suggested that this nano­domain size perturbation is due to solvent swelling effects during SVA. It is proposed that using a commensurability value close to the solvent vapor annealed periodicity will alleviate this issue leading to uniform nanofins.

     

水/Triton X-100/正丁醇/环己烷反相微乳液体系中水结构的FT-IR研究

用FT-IR法研究了水/辛烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚（Triton X-100）/正丁醇/环己烷组成的反相微乳液体系水池中存在的束缚、结合和自由3种不同的水的状态.分别考察了水与表面活性剂物质的量之比（Rw）、水油比φ（水与环己烷的质量比）、助剂正丁醇的含量对3种状态水含量的影响.发现在φ=2.8、m正丁醇/mTriton X...