新型混合导体透氧膜的制备及其在甲烷转化反应中的应用

用EDTA 柠檬酸联合络合法合成了新型混合导体透氧膜材料 ,成功地制备了致密膜片并对其透氧性能进行了考察 .结果发现 ,此新材料具有非常大的透氧能力 ,850℃时在膜一端为干燥的流动空气而另一端为流动的氦气下 ,透氧量高达 0 744μmol/(cm2 ·s) .考察了膜片本身对甲烷的活化性能 ,发现导体膜对甲烷氧化偶联具有催化活性 ,随着甲烷流速的增加 ,甲烷转化率降低 ,而C2 选择性升高 .研究了膜反应器中甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应 ,甲烷转化率约为 90 % ,CO选择性约为 98% ,CO/H2 比约为 2 ;同时 ,膜的透氧量急剧增加到约 6 0 1 μmol/(cm2 ·s) ,这归结于膜反应侧氧分压的急剧降低 .     

Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ透氧膜反应器在丙烷氧化脱氢反应中的应用

工业上一般采用丙烷热裂解脱氢反应生产丙烯. 该反应通常在高温(＞700 ℃)下进行,催化剂容易积碳. 而且,由于反应受到热力学平衡的限制,丙烯的选择性也不很高. 近年来,以廉价空气和丙烷为原料的丙烷氧化脱氢(PODH)反应为丙烯的生产提供了另外一条途径,且已引起广泛的关注. 在PODH反应中,一般认为晶格氧(O2-)参与丙烷的选择氧化,而其它氧物种(O-,O-2等)导致丙烷的完全氧化[1]. 钙钛矿结构的混合导体透氧膜是同时具有氧离子导电性和电子导电性的一类材料. 在高温下,当膜两侧存在氧浓度梯度时,氧以氧离子的形式通过氧缺陷进行传导,同时以电子的反向传输来完成传输回路[2]. 这种透氧机理使得混合导体透氧膜在理论上对烷烃氧化反应具有一定的催化活性. 作为膜反应器材料,这类混合导体透氧膜已成功地应用于甲烷部分氧化(POM)反应[3]. 但迄今为止,还没有文献报道这种膜反应器在PODH反应中的应用. 组成为Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ的钙钛矿膜材料是本研究组开发的一类具有高透氧量、高稳定性的新型透氧膜材料. 本文尝试将该材料制备的膜反应器用于PODH反应,同时研究了PODH反应对膜透氧量的影响.     

在透氧膜反应器中进行甲烷氧化偶联反应的研究

 混合导体透氧膜是一类同时具有电子和氧离子两类导电性的陶瓷膜．在高温下，氧会以氧离子的形式透过透氧膜，因此在膜表面存在丰富的氧物种（O－，O－2，O2－2和O2－），这些氧物种能够提高甲烷氧化偶联（OCM）反应的C2选择性．采用挤压的方法制备出致密的Ba0．5Sr0．5Co0．8Fe0．2O3－δ（BSCFO）透氧膜管，并考察了此透氧膜管对OCM反应的催化性能．发现BSCFO的C2生成速率比La0．6Sr0．4Co0．8Fe0．2O3－δ（LSCFO）和La－Ba－Co－Fe－O（LBCFO）要高得多，其原因主要是由于BSCFO中的氧空缺浓度比较高．高的氧空缺浓度不仅能够加速氧离子的传输，而且能够提高甲烷分子的活化速度，所以BSCFO具有比LSCFO和LBCFO更好的催化性能．C2生成速率随着反应温度及原料气中甲烷浓度的升高而升高，C2选择性取决于氧离子结合与OCM反应竞争的结果，高的氧离子结合速率会降低C2选择性．甲烷转化率随着富氧侧氧分压的升高而升高，但C2选择性则随着氧分压的升高而降低．这说\r\n明在OCM过程中气相反应起着重要的作用．     

膜反应器中的甲烷转化反应

用ＥＤＴＡ－柠檬酸联合络合法合成了Ｂａ０．５Ｓｒ０．５Ｃｏ０．８Ｆｅ０．２Ｏ３－δ混合导体透氧膜材料,并考察了膜片本身对甲烷的活化性能,结果表明,导体膜对甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）反应具有催化活性,研究了膜反应器中甲烷部分氧化（ＰＯＭ）制合成气反应,发现在开始阶段甲烷转化率有两次快速升高,第一次是由于甲烷与二氧化碳重整而产生的;第二次是由于透氧量增加而导致的,透氧量随温度的升高而增加,８５０℃时甲烷转     

BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ膜反应器还原侧表面反应机理

研究了BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ(BCFN)透氧膜反应器还原侧表面反应机理, 分析了表面催化微粒及催化床对膜反应器的作用. 提出了“催化解离机制”是构成甲烷重整BCFN膜反应器透氧量上升的主要原因; CH4, H2及CO在BCFN膜表面的反应活性依次为H2>CO>CH4; 当CH4气氛中加入H2或CO时, BCFN膜表面的主要发生由CH4直接氧化转变H2或CO的氧化反应, 同时极大提升了BCFN膜反应器的透氧量; BCFN膜表面氧化反应为“晶格氧”氧化反应模式主导.     

Sm_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_3阴极氧还原动力学

利用极化、交流阻抗技术考察了担载于La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)电解质上的Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(SSC-LSGMC5)复合阴极的氧还原反应动力学.在SSC-LSGMC5阴极氧还原反应的阻抗谱中可以观察到明显的两个半圆.高频环的电导与氧分压无关,低频环的电导正比于氧分压的0.5次方.并且低频环的氧分压级数随着反应温度的降低而减小,可能对应于吸附氧原子的扩散过程.SSC-LSGMC5极化曲线与经典的Butler-Volmer方程吻合.阴、阳极的电荷转移系数均为1左右,交换电流密度的氧分压级数为1/4,对应于电荷转移过程.实验结果显示SSC-LSGMC5上的氧还原反应机制随反应条件的不同而发生变化.     

Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3阴极氧还原动力学

利用极化、交流阻抗技术考察了担载于La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM)电解质上的Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3- La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3(SSC-LSGMC5)复合阴极的氧还原反应动力学.在SSC-LSGMC5阴极氧还原反应的阻抗谱中可以观察到明显的两个半圆.高频环的电导与氧分压无关,低频环的电导正比于氧分压的0.5次方.并且低频环的氧分压级数随着反应温度的降低而减小,可能对应于吸附氧原子的扩散过程. SSC-LSGMC5极化曲线与经典的Butler-Volmer方程吻合.阴、阳极的电荷转移系数均为1左右,交换电流密度的氧分压级数为1/4,对应于电荷转移过程. 实验结果显示SSC-LSGMC5上的氧还原反应机制随反应条件的不同而发生变化.     

半导体催化膜上泵氧甲烷氧化偶联反应的研究Ⅰ.传递体系的反应

在常压及 6 5 0℃下 ,考察了CaO ,SrO ,La2 O3,ZnO ,TiO2 ,CeO2 和MnO2 膜上外加电流为 16～ 90mA时传递物系的甲烷氧化偶联反应结果 .结果发现 ,在n型和 p型半导体催化膜上 ,CO2 ,C2 H4 和C2 H6的生成速率都随泵氧量的增加而增大 ,而C2 烃选择性随泵氧量的增加而下降 ,但 p型半导体膜上的C2 烃选择性比n型半导体膜上的要高 ;p型半导体膜上C2 烃选择性与其电导率大小顺序相一致 .增强因子的分析结果表明 ,在传递体系中 ,p型半导体膜上增强因子的值小于 1,但随泵氧量的增加而存在极大值 .在CaO膜上 ,传递体系比开路体系的C2 烃选择性高 ,且随泵氧量的增加而下降     

(Ba,Ca)(Co,Fe)O3-δ系列混合导电型透氧膜的研究

采用改进的Ｐｅｃｈｉｎｉ法合成了（Ｂａ,Ｃａ）（Ｃｏ,Ｆｅ）Ｏ３－δ系列材料,对其结构,透氧量及透氧稳定性进行了考察,结果表明,材料具有较高的透氧量和透氧稳定性,其中Ｂａ０．９５Ｃａ０．０５Ｄｏ０．８Ｆｅ０．２Ｏ３－δ在９５０℃透氧量高达１．４ｍｌ／（ｃｍ＾２．ｍｉｎ）,８５０℃稳定操作１６０ｈ以上,将其应用于膜反应器,对无催化剂的甲烷氧化偶联反应作了尝试,结果表明,对甲烷氧化偶联反应具有较高的选择,但甲烷转化率较低。     

CO氧化反应耦合下SrFe1.125Co0.375Oy的氧渗透行为

报道SrFe1.125Co0.375Oy致密陶瓷膜在高氧梯度下的氧渗透行为。将膜的一端置于空气中,另一端引入CO,通过CO的氧化反应降低氧分压,增大膜两端的氧分压梯度。研究发现：900℃时氧渗透率高达16.0×10-7mol/cm2s。在850℃以上,氧渗透率与温度的依赖关系不显著,而氧渗透量与CO分压成线形关系,并且与膜的厚度变化基本无关。这表明在该膜材料的氧渗透过程是受表面反应控制的。     

Performance of a mixed-conducting ceramic membrane reactor with high oxygen permeability for methane conversion

A mixed-conducting perovskite-type Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ (BSCFO) ceramic membrane reactor with high oxygen permeability was applied for the activation of methane. The membrane reactor has intrinsic catalytic activities for methane conversion to ethane and ethylene. C₂ selectivity up to 40–70% was achieved, albeit that conversion rate were low, typically 0.5–3.5% at 800–900°C with a 50% helium diluted methane inlet stream at a flow rate of 34 ml/min. Large amount of unreacted molecular oxygen was detected in the eluted gas and the oxygen permeation flux improved only slightly compared with that under non-reactive air/He experiments. The partial oxidation of methane to syngas in a BSCFO membrane reactor was also performed by packing LiLaNiO/γ-Al₂O₃ with 10% Ni loading as the catalyst. At the initial stage, oxygen permeation flux, methane conversion and CO selectivity were closely related with the state of the catalyst. Less than 21 h was needed for the oxygen permeation flux to reach its steady state. 98.5% CH₄ conversion, 93.0% CO selectivity and 10.45 ml/cm² min oxygen permeation flux were achieved under steady state at 850°C. Methane conversion and oxygen permeation flux increased with increasing temperature. No fracture of the membrane reactor was observed during syngas production. However, H₂-TPR investigation demonstrated that the BSCFO was unstable under reducing atmosphere, yet the material was found to have excellent phase reversibility. A membrane reactor made from BSCFO was successfully operated for the POM reaction at 875°C for more than 500 h without failure, with a stable oxygen permeation flux of about 11.5 ml/cm² min.     

Hydrogen production from coke oven gas over LiNi/γ-Al2O3 catalyst modified by rare earth metal oxide in a membrane reactor

The performance of LiNi/r-Al2O3 catalysts modified by rare earth metal oxide (La2O3 or CeO2) packed on BCFNO membrane reactor was discussed for the partial oxidation of methane (POM) in coke oven gas (COG) at 875 ◦C. The NiO/r-Al2O3 catalysts with different amounts of La2O3 and CeO2 were prepared with the same preparation method and under the same condition in order to compare the reaction performance (oxygen permeation, CH4 conversion, H2 and CO selectivity) on the membrane reactor. The results show that the oxygen permeation flux increased significantly with LiNiREOx/r-Al2O3 (RE = La or Ce) catalysts by adding the element of rare earth especially the Ce during the POM in COG. Such as, the Li15wt%CeO29wt%NiO/ -Al2O3 catalyst with an oxygen permeation flux of 24.71 ml·cm−2·min−1 and a high CH4 conversion was obtained in 875 ◦C. The resulted high oxygen permeation flux may be due to the added Ce that inhibited the strong interaction between Ni and Al2O3 to form the NiAl2O4 phase. In addition, the introduction of Ce leads up to an important property of storing and releasing oxygen.     

Novel Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ) membranes for POM

A novel cobalt-free perovskite based on Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Fe_(0.8)Zn_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(BSFZ)were prepared by EDTA-citric acid method.The lattice constants of the BSFZ perovskite were characterized by in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction(HTXRD).The thermal expansion coefficient of BSFZ is 10.5×10~(-6)K~(-1),which is lower than that of cobalt-based perovskite materials.The BSFZ membrane was also used to construct reactors for the partial oxidation of methane(POM)to syngas.Results show that the BSFZ membrane...     

Oxygen permeation and oxidative coupling of methane in membrane reactor: A new facile synthesis method for selective perovskite catalyst

A dense membrane of La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ (LSCF) perovskite was prepared by a new chelating agent, ethylene diamine N,N,N′,N′-tetra N-acetyl diamine (EDTNAD). As a potent ligand, EDTNAD provided a facile one-step method to form complexes of the four metal ions, simultaneously. The oxygen permeation flux through the pure perovskite LSCF dense membrane was measured over temperature range of 1073–1223 K, thickness of 0.7–1.0 mm and oxygen partial pressure of 0.1–1.0 bar. Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using LSCF disk in the atmospheric membrane reactor and over the temperature range of 1073–1173 K showed a C₂ selectivity of 100% and C₂ yield of 5.01% at 1153 K. Furthermore, OCM reaction data of the membrane reactor were discussed and compared with those of the fixed bed using the same perovskite powder as the catalyst.     

Syngas production in a novel perovskite membrane reactor with co-feed of CO2

Partial oxidation of methane（POM） co-fed with CO₂ to syngas in a novel catalytic BaCo_0.6Fe_0.2Ta_0.2O_3-δ oxygen permeable membrane reactor was successfully reported.Adding CO₂ to the partial oxidation of methane reaction not only alters the ratio of CO/H₂,but also increases the oxygen permeation flux and CH₄ conversion.Around 96%CH₄ conversion with more than 93%CO₂ conversion and 100%CO selectivity is achieved,which shows an excellent reaction performance.A steady oxygen permeation flux of 15 mL/（cm² min） is obtained during the 100-h operation,which shows good stability as well.     

焦炉煤气甲烷重整制氢热力学分析和实验研究(英文)

对焦炉煤气甲烷部分氧化重整热力学进行分析,考察反应温度、CH4/O2摩尔比及水蒸气加入量等因素对重整性能的影响,并分析焦炉煤气原始氢含量对其部分氧化重整性能的影响.分析结果表明甲烷转化率均随CH4/O2摩尔比和水蒸气加入量的增大以及反应温度的升高而增大.在CH4/O2摩尔比1.7-2.1,温度825-900℃及压力1.01×105Pa的反应条件下,可得较好重整性能;甲烷转化率,氢及一氧化碳的选择性分别为91.0%-99.9%,87.0%-93.4%和100%-107%,重整后得到的氢量增大到原始氢量的1.95-2.05倍,每摩尔焦炉煤气消耗的热量仅为2.94J,同时得出在CH4/O2摩尔比2,温度825-900℃及1.01×105Pa条件下,往焦炉煤气内添加体积分数为2%-4%的水蒸气时重整性能得到较大提高;重整后甲烷转化率、氢及一氧化碳选择性分别由92.6%、87.2%、104%增大到98.6%、96.4%、107%.并在BaCo0.7Fe0.2Nb0.1O3-δ透氧膜反应器上研究NiO/MgO固溶体催化剂焦炉煤气部分氧化重整性能.结果表明该重整反应效果较好,于875℃下获得16.3mL.cm-2.min-1透氧量,95%甲烷转化率及80.5%氢和106%一氧化碳选择性.且所得实验结果与热力学分析结果符合较好,表明NiO/MgO固溶体催化剂有较好的催化重整性能.     

直接利用甲烷氧化偶联产物中的稀乙烯制环氧乙烷

直接利用甲烷氧化偶联产物中的稀乙烯制环氧乙烷刘育，徐法强，沈师孔（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州，７３００００）关键词乙烯环氧化，甲烷氧化偶联，负载银催化剂１．前言甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）是一个产物较为复杂的反应，从目前研究结果来看，产物中Ｃ２烃总...     

Syngas Production Using an Oxygen-Permeating Membrane Reactor with Cofeed of Methane and Carbon Dioxide

MethaneutilizationhasbeendrawingconsiderableattentionrecentlyduetothelargeamountofnatUralgasavailabletobeupgradedandtheworldwidedemandforlow-costtransportationfuelsl'2.Amongthemanyconversionroutes,partialoxidationofmethane(POM)tosyngasprovedanewwayforthepotentialalternativetotoday'sindustrialsteamreformingprocesses.HoweveT,althoughveryactivecatalystsforthePOMtosyngashavebeenreported,large-scaleplantshavenotyetbeenconstructed.AIargeadiabatictemperatUreriseatthefrontoftheco-bedeasilycausesre…     

Oxygen permeation study in a tubular Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ oxygen permeable membrane

Dense tubular Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3−δ (BSCFO) membranes were successfully prepared by the plastic extrusion method. The oxygen permeation flux was determined at different oxygen partial pressures in the shell side and different temperatures between 700 and 900 °C. The oxygen vacancy diffusion coefficients (D_v) at different temperatures were calculated from the dependence of oxygen permeation flux on the oxygen partial pressure term based on the surface current exchange model. No unsteady-state of oxygen permeation flux was observed at the initial stage in our experiments. The reason is the equilibrium time is too short (less than 10 min) to observe the unsteady-state in time. The increase of the helium flow rate can increase the oxygen permeation flux, which is due to the decrease of the oxygen partial pressure in the tube side with increasing of the helium flow rate. The oxygen permeation flux can also be affected by the air flow rate in the shell side when the air flow rate is lower than 150 ml/min. But the oxygen permeation flux is insensitive to the air flow rate when the air flow is higher than 150 ml/min. The membrane tube was operated steadily for 150 h with oxygen permeation flux of 1.12 ml/(cm² min) at 875 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that both the surface exposed to air and the surface exposed to helium of the BSCFO membrane tube after permeation for 150 h are similar to the fresh membrane tube in composition and structure. These results indicated that the membrane tube exhibits high structure stability.     

Particle/metal-based monolithic catalysts dual-bed reactor with beds-interspace supplementary oxygen:Construction and performance for oxidative coupling of methane

A novel particle/metal-based monolithic catalysts dual-bed reactor with beds-interspace supplementary oxygen is constructed comprising of the upper-layer 5wt%Na2WO4-2wt%Mn/SiO2 particle catalyst and the under-layer 3 wt%Ce-5 wt%Na2WO4-2 wt%Mn/SBA-15/Al2O3 /FeCrAl metal-based monolithic catalyst as well as a side tube in the interspaces of two layers for supplementing O2.The reaction performance of oxidative coupling of methane(OCM) in the dual-bed reactor system is evaluated.The effects of the reaction parameters such as feed CH 4 /O 2 ratio,reaction temperature and side tube feed O2 flowrate on the catalytic performance are investigated.The results indicate that the suggested mode of dual-bed reactor exhibits an excellent performance for OCM.CH4 conversion of 33.2%,C2H4 selectivity of 46.5% and C2 yield of 22.5% could be obtained,which have been increased by 6.4%,4.1% and 5.5%,respectively,as compared with 5 wt%Na2WO4-2 wt%Mn/SiO2 particle catalyst in a single-bed reactor and increased by 10.7%,31.9% and 17.7%,respectively,as compared with 3 wt%Ce-5 wt%Na2WO4-2 wt%Mn/SBA-15/Al2O3 /FeCrAl metal-based monolithic catalyst in a single-bed reactor.The effective promotion of OCM performance in the reactor would supply a valuable reference for the industrialization of OCM process.