无机化学反应动力学实验的改进

本文分析了(NH4)2S2O8与KI反应动力学实验教学中经常遇到的困难,认为主要是由于固体(NH4)2S2O8试剂因含少量水分面生成少量H2SO5而引起的,提出用Na2SO3消除其影响,以痕量碘加速过量Na2SO3氧化的原理和方法.     

乙烯酮自由基(HCCO·)与氧气(O2)反应势能面的理论研究

在G2(B3LYP/MP2/CC)水平上对反应HCCO+O2进行了计算,得到了反应势能面,提出了3种可能的反应机理:(1)四元环反应机理得到产物P1(HCO+CO2);(2)三元环反应机理得到产物P2(CO+HCO2);(3)O—O键断裂反应机理得到产物P3(O+OCC(O)H)和P4(O+CO+HCO).由反应势能面推测产物P1(HCO+CO2)为主要产物,产物P2(CO+HCO2),P3(O+OCC(O)H)和P4(O+CO+HCO)为次要产物.     

A Density Functional Theory Study of the Hydrates of 2NH_3:H_2SO_4 and Its Implications for the Formation of Atmosphere Particles

Density functional theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory to study the hydrates of 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O for n = 0～4. Neutrals of the most stable clusters, when n = 0 and 1, spontaneously formed and were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of monomeric species. Double ions (clusters containing a NH4+ cation and a HSO4- anion) or even ternary ions (clusters with two NH4+ cations and one SO42- anion) spontaneously formed in the most stable clusters of 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O (n = 2, 3, 4). The energetics of binding and incremental association was also calculated. Double ions are not energetically favorable until 2NH3:H2SO4:2H2O because of the about equal free energies for forming the neutral (the most stable) and double ion (the second stable) isomers. The free energy of incremental association from free H2O and 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O has a maximum at n = 2 at room temperature with ΔG ≈ -2 kcal/mol. The comparison of incremental association energies between 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O, NH3:H2SO4:nH2O and H2SO4:nH2O clusters revealed that NH3 plays an important role in the atmospheric particle nucleation.     

化学反应速度的讨论

《无机化学实验》[1]中实验九“化学反应速度”中指出,在水溶液中（NH4）2S2O8+3KI=（NH4）2SO4+K2SO4+KI3 或S2O32-+3I-=2SO42-+I3-     

三维超分子化合物[H_2(C_4H_(10)N_2)](SO_4)(H_2O)的制备、晶体结构及差热-热重性质研究

用MnSO4H2O和哌嗪在水-甲醇混合溶剂中反应得到了1个超分子化合物[H2(C4H10N2)](SO4)(H2O) (C4H14N2O5S)。 该晶体属单斜晶系, 空间群为P21/n, 晶胞参数为: a = 6.386(1), b = 11.695(2), c = 11.680(2) ? = 101.06(3), V = 856.1(3) 3, Z = 4, Mr =202.23 , Dc = 1.569 g/cm3, F(000) = 432, ?= 0.368 mm-1。 该化合物是由[H2(C4H10N2)]2+、SO42-、H2O通过氢键自组装而形成的。 其中[H2(C4H10N2)]2+存在2种椅式构象:一种[H2(C4H10N2)]2+与4个SO42-、2个H2O通过氢键相连, 另一种[H2(C4H10N2)]2+则与6个SO42-相连。 它们分别沿着b、c方向交替排列展开, 通过SO42-桥联成二维的层状结构;层与层之间在NH…O、CH…O、OH…O氢键的作用下互相连接, 形成了具有网状结构的三维超分子化合物。 差热及热重测试表明:该化合物从92℃开始分解,首先失去1个H2O, 然后再失去[H2(C4H10N2)]2+和SO4 2-。     

NO2和HSO反应的机理及动力学研究

本文采用CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ方法构建了NO2 + HSO反应的单、三重态势能面,并对主通道速率常数进行了计算。研究结果表明,该反应在单[R1(HN(O)O + 1SO)、R2(cis-HONO + 1SO)和R3 (trans-HONO + 1SO)]、三重态[R6(HN(O)O + 3SO)、R7(cis-HONO + 3SO)和R8(trans-HONO + 3SO)]均存在3条抽氢反应通道,在单[R4(NO + HS(O)O)和R5(H + SO2 + NO)]、三重态[R9(HS(O)O + NO)和R10(H + SO2 + NO)]均存在两条抽氧通道,其中单重态抽氢通道R2 (cis-HONO + 1SO)是NO2 + HSO反应主通道。利用传统过渡态理论(TST)并结合Wigner校正,计算了上述10条通道在200 ~ 1000 K温度范围内的速率常数。计算结果表明,NO2 + HSO反应主通道在298 K时的速率常数(7.78×10-13cm3?molecule-1?s-1)与实验值(9.6×10-12 cm3?molecule-1?s-1)相吻合。此外,水分子影响主通道R2(cis-HONO + 1SO)经历了NO2 + H2O…HSO和 NO2 + H2O…HSO(HSO + NO2…H2O)两条反应通道,且两条通道的能垒分别比R2升高了49.97和20.43 kcal?mol-1,说明在实际大气环境中水分子对NO2 + HSO反应几乎没有影响。     

催化动力学光度法测定微量银

依据在H2SO4介质中,Ag+对(NH4)2S2O8氧化Mn2+的强烈催化作用,建立了测量微量Ag+的新动力学光度法。方法的线性范围为0.05~2.0μg/mL,检出限为1.5×10-5mg/mL,表观摩尔吸光系数为7.1×104L.moL-1.cm-1。测定了反应的动力学参数。用本法测定了矿样和废水样中的银。     

固相合成法制备纳米碳酸锶微球

以六水合氯化锶(SrCl2·6H2 O)和碳酸氢铵(NH4 HCO3)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用阴离子表面活性剂辅助固相球磨法制备纳米碳酸锶微球.样品采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDX)、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱FTIR、热重仪和差示扫描仪联用(TG—DSC)等手段表...     

快速测定COD最佳催化消解体系研究

通过正交试验 ,确定了测定环境水样中COD的最佳回流消解条件。以CuSO4作催化剂 ,KAl(SO4) 2 Na2 MoO4作助催化剂 ( 0 1 8gCuSO4·5H2 O 0 1 0gKAl(SO4) 2 ·1 2H2 O 0 1 0gNa2 MoO4·2H2 O) ,在H2 SO4 H3PO4体系中可很好地实现对样品的消解。该体系将回流时间由国标法的 2h缩短至 2 0min ,实现了快速测定的目的且大幅度降低测定成本。样品 1 0次平行测定的相对标准偏差为 1 1 % ;加标回收率为 97 7%～ 1 0 3 3% ,均与国标法无显著性差异     

阻抑动力学光度法测定白鼠肝脏中的超痕量镍(Ⅱ)

在 NH3- H2 O- NH4 Cl介质中 ,超痕量镍 ( )能阻抑 H2 O2 氧化甲基紫褪色的指示反应 ,研究了阻抑褪色反应的最佳条件和动力学参数 ,建立了测定超痕量镍 ( )的新方法。方法检出限为 4.4× 1 0 -11g/m L Ni( ) ,测定范围为 0～1 .0μg/2 5m L。方法已用于测定生物样品中的 Ni( )。     

HEPT类化合物的QSAR研究

为定量结构／活性相关性研究提取了量子化学参数,拓扑指数Am,分子连接性指数^mxt及疏水性常数,同时应用正交变换和最佳变量子集算法（Leaps-and-Bonds)进行了变量压缩和选择,进而实施了多元回归分析,并由此结果进行了HEPT类化合物（1－[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)-thymine derivatives)的结构／活性关系的理论解释,进行了人工神经网络法对于该类化合物的活性预测,其结构明显好于多元回归法。     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shifts of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 4-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by means of PMR spectroscopy. The dipolar and uncharged hydroxy forms exist in equilibrium in aqueous solutions. The effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium in the case of 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was investigated. The possibility of the separate protonation of the ring nitrogen and the side-chain nitrogen in 3-piperidinomethyl-4-hydroxyisoquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in 4-hydroxyisoquinoline is in good agreement with its chemical behavior.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1546–1549, November, 1971     

Effect of the pH of the medium on the chemical shifts in the PMR spectra and on the distribution of the π-electron density

The dependence of the chemical shift of the ring protons on the pH of the medium for a number of 3-hydroxyquinoline derivatives was studied by PMR spectroscopy. The regions of ionization of the molecules, which correspond to the ranges of acidic, neutral, and alkaline media, were found. In D₂O, 3-hydroxyquinoline is present only in the uncharged hydroxy form. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline has a substantial effect on the character of the dependence of the chemical shift on the pH of the medium; the existence of separate protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the ring and the side chain of 4-dimethylaminomethyl-3-hydroxyquinoline was established. The distribution of the -electron density in the 3-hydroxyquinoline molecule is in good agreement with its chemical behavior during electrophilic substitution.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1540–1545, November, 1971.     

On the theory underlying the Car-Parrinello method and the role of the fictitious mass parameter

The theory underlying the Car-Parrinello extended-Lagrangian approach to ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) is reviewed and reexamined using "heavy" ice as a test system. It is emphasized that the adiabatic decoupling in CPMD is not a decoupling of electronic orbitals from the ions but only a decoupling of a subset of the orbital vibrational modes from the rest of the necessarily coupled system of orbitals and ions. Recent work [J. Chem. Phys. 116, 14 (2002)] has pointed out that, due to the orbital-ion coupling that remains once adiabatic decoupling has been achieved, a large value of the fictitious mass mu can lead to systematic errors in the computed forces in CPMD. These errors are further investigated in the present work with a focus on those parts of these errors that are not corrected simply by rescaling the masses of the ions. It is suggested that any comparison of the efficiencies of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) and CPMD should be performed at a similar level of accuracy. If accuracy is judged according to the average magnitude of the systematic errors in the computed forces, the efficiency of BOMD compares more favorably to that of CPMD than previous comparisons have suggested.