多溴联苯在聚二甲基硅氧烷与水相间分配系数的固相微萃取技术测定

结合静态固相微萃取与液液萃取方法,采用目标物的同分异构体作一对一的回收率指示物以确保水中目标物定量的准确性,建立了气相色谱-质谱测定6种多溴联苯在聚二甲基硅氧烷和水相间的分配系数(Kf)的方法.本研究选用7μm厚度的固相微萃取头,将所测logKf与logKow(正辛醇-水分配系数)作图,通过比较其相关性来判断固相微萃取头涂层的萃取机理,得到了良好的线性关系(r=0.975 7),表明吸收是聚二甲基硅氧烷涂层与上述6种多溴联苯发生作用的主要机理.然而,该结论对于其它强憎水性有机污染物(VHOCs)是否具有普遍性,仍有待于进一步研究加以证明.     

Theoretical Study of Small Water Clusters of Sulfur Dioxide

The intermolecular clusters of sulfur dioxide with water, SO2(H2O)n (n = 2～5), are studied by using B3LYP density functional theory and MP2 ab initio methods along with the large basis sets (6-311++G(d,p) and aug-cc-pVDZ). The equilibrium geometries, intermolecular binding energies, and anharmonic frequencies of the clusters are calculated and compared with those of pure water clusters and available experiments. SO2 tends to form cyclic hydrogen-bonded complexes with two or three water molecules. In the larger clusters, however, water molecules begin to retain the structure of pure water clusters and segregate from SO2. Infrared absorption assignments for the small clusters are discussed to resolve a possible incorrect assignment in a recent spectroscopic experiment on the clusters.     

土壤和沉积物中凝聚态有机质的表征

在375℃条件下用三氟醋酸(TFA)、通氧燃烧的方法,从珠江三角洲被污染的3个土壤和6个沉积物样品中提取非水解有机碳(NHC)和碳黑(BC),并进行了元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、固态13C核磁共振(13CNMR)、放射性碳加速质谱等一系列定性、定量的研究。结果表明:用三氟醋酸(TFA)可以成功地提取凝聚态的非水解碳,消除了碳水化合物等可水解有机质对凝聚态有机质研究的干扰。样品中非水解碳和碳黑碳分别占总有机碳含量的25.6%～70.5%和4.14%～17.3%,其平均值分别为44.2%和11.2%。非水解碳和碳黑两者的O/C和H/C比值都比较低;13C核磁共振显示NHC中主要含有脂肪碳和芳香碳峰,其中含氧官能团几乎可以忽略。研究表明,非水解碳主要由不同成熟度的沥青或干酪根、古老的陆源有机质、碳黑、煤、木质素等组成。实验结果表明:用水解的方法可以从土壤和沉积物中分离出凝聚态的碳。     

鱼肉组织中多溴联苯醚的定量分析

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是一类广泛用于家用电器、电子产品、塑料泡沫、家居装饰材料等行业的添加型阻燃剂[1],使用量最多的是五溴联苯醚(penta-BDE),八溴联苯醚(octa-BDE)和十溴联苯醚(deca-BDE)3种[2]。最近的研究表明[4-6],多溴联苯醚已广泛地存在于各种环境介质、生物体及人体中     

固相微萃取采样器的开发及其在南海水体多环芳烃检测中的应用

对原有固相微萃取采样器进行改进,并将其用于珠江三角洲西部和东部2个水体基质较复杂的海湾(海陵湾和大亚湾)中16种优控多环芳烃(PAHs)的原位采样分析.研究表明,在分析的16种PAHs化合物中,2、3、4环PAHs均可检出,而5、6环PAHs均未检出.萘、芴、菲、荧蒽、芘5种检出化合物中,除萘外,均与文献中对珠江三角洲水体中PAHs的研究浓度无显著性差别.实验测得萘的质量浓度比传统方法的低,主要是因为固相微萃取水体原位采样技术无需有机溶剂参与样品富集过程,避免了有机溶剂对萘测定的干扰.     

A Density Functional Theory Study of the Hydrates of 2NH_3:H_2SO_4 and Its Implications for the Formation of Atmosphere Particles

Density functional theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory to study the hydrates of 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O for n = 0～4. Neutrals of the most stable clusters, when n = 0 and 1, spontaneously formed and were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of monomeric species. Double ions (clusters containing a NH4+ cation and a HSO4- anion) or even ternary ions (clusters with two NH4+ cations and one SO42- anion) spontaneously formed in the most stable clusters of 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O (n = 2, 3, 4). The energetics of binding and incremental association was also calculated. Double ions are not energetically favorable until 2NH3:H2SO4:2H2O because of the about equal free energies for forming the neutral (the most stable) and double ion (the second stable) isomers. The free energy of incremental association from free H2O and 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O has a maximum at n = 2 at room temperature with ΔG ≈ -2 kcal/mol. The comparison of incremental association energies between 2NH3:H2SO4:nH2O, NH3:H2SO4:nH2O and H2SO4:nH2O clusters revealed that NH3 plays an important role in the atmospheric particle nucleation.