添加稀土氧化物助剂的CeO2-ZrO2固溶体的储氧性及热稳定性研究

大多数工业催化剂都是在稳定的操作条件下进行的,然而汽车尾气净化催化剂却被暴露在大气中,使用条件经常变化,尤其是空燃比(A/F)的变化,直接影响了对氧敏感的三效催化剂的氧化和还原性能[1].CeO2则是一种具有储氧/释氧能力的催化材料,它作为助剂加入三效催化剂中,可在贫况下储存氧(以Ce4+存在)利于NOx的还原,在富况下释放氧(以Ce3+存在),利于HC、CO的氧化,从而提高了催化剂的活性.然而,CeO2 的储氧性通常局限在表面上,当温度超过400℃以上时,其比表面积降低从而引起储氧性能急剧下降,直接影响催化剂的性能和寿命.     

CexPr1-xO2-δ复合氧化物的XRD和Raman表征

CeO2是重要的催化材料,在三效催化剂中起着特别重要的作用。CeO2通过Ce3 和Ce4 之间的高效氧化还原循环产生储氧和释放氧的能力,在三效催化剂中起到“氧缓冲器”的作用[1~3]。但是在850℃以上焙烧CeO2容易发生烧结并和γ-Al2O3相互反应生成CeAlO3[4],使储氧能力降低,影响了它在     

合成方法对Rh/CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3催化剂的结构、表面性能及DeNOx活性的影响

用沉积沉淀法合成两种不同系列的CeO2-ZrO2-La2O3混合氧化物(ZrO2和La2O3沉积CeO2粒子(标记为A-x)以及CeO2和La2O3沉积ZrO2粒子(标记为B-x)),并用作Rh催化剂的载体。XRD、拉曼、TPR、XPS和O2脉冲等表征结果显示出不同的沉积顺序将导致不同的结构和氧化还原性能,且B-x具有更高的氧迁移性、储氧能力和表面Ce浓度。当其负载Rh后,Rh/B-x催化剂具有更高的NO和CO转化率及N2选择性,且Ce的最佳含量为50at%。这可能归因于Rh负载于富铈表面形成更多有利于NO分解的表面Ce3+活性位。     

CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3材料的制备及其单钯催化剂性能的研究

采用水热晶化法制备了Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3储氧材料,详细考察了制备过程中水热时间和温度对储氧材料结构和性能的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和热重分析技术(TG)表征结果表明,当水热温度为100℃,水热时间为12 h时,制备的Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3材料具有优异的结构性能、织构性能、还原性能和储氧性能。分别以较优水热条件下制备的Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3储氧材料和商用的铈锆铝储氧材料为载体,制备Pd/Ce O2-Zr O2-Al2O3催化剂,考察了其对汽车尾气中碳氢化合物的催化转化能力。     

高松装密度CeO2的制备研究

通过CeCl3与(NH4)2C2O4共沉淀反应制备Ce2(C2O4)3前驱体. 前驱体Ce2(C2O4)3经高温焙烧, 得到CeO2. 研究了共沉淀反应温度、 pH、加料速度对CeO2松装密度的影响. 结果表明, 在pH为4.0左右, 反应温度为20 ℃, 加料速度为2 ml*min-1的条件下, CeO2的松装密度为2.01 g*cm-3.     

金属铈表面氧化还原过程的原位拉曼光谱研究

采用显微拉曼光谱仪原位监测了金属铈表面的氧化和还原过程。2132和2239 cm-1处尖锐Ce3+电子散射峰的出现及462 cm-1处CeO2特征振动峰的消失表明,在高温、高真空条件下金属铈表层的CeO2已转变为Ce2O3。根据1503,1796和2113 cm-1处多个Ce3+电子散射峰及CeO2特征振动峰强度随时间的变化关系,可将金属Ce在空气中的氧化过程分为3个阶段,首先不同价态铈氧物层均快速增长,随后外层的CeO2陷入停顿,含Ce3+的铈氧物层继续增长,最后随着3603 cm-1处OH-的出现,CeO2再次快速增长。     

氧化铈促进的高效Au/Al2O3催化剂制备及其催化CO选择氧化反应性能

近年来,伴随全球能源危机的加剧,以及温室效应和细颗粒物等一系列环境问题出现,各国研究者正努力寻求和开发可持续利用的新能源来代替传统的化石能源.燃料电池具有能量转化效率高、对环境排放低和污染小等优点,作为一种新的环境友好型技术而广受关注.在众多的燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)因具有能量效率高和工作窗口温度
　　低等优势而备受关注.但是, PEMFC燃料以H2为主,主要来源是烃类的重整气,但其中痕量的CO (10 ppm)将会引起Pt电极中毒,导致PEMFC性能迅速下降,因此如何有效地祛除富氢气体中的CO并尽可能减少H2的消耗具有重要研究价值.目前, CO选择氧化法(CO-PROX)是公认的最简单、廉价和有效的办法之一. CO的消除通常选用霍加拉特催化剂,虽然Cu基催化剂具有低廉的成本和较好的CO催化氧化性能,但是当反应中有H2O和CO2存在时,其活性会迅速下降. Au催化剂具有优异的低温CO催化氧化性能,但在PEMFC的工作温度窗口为80–120oC时,随着反应温度提高, H2与CO之间的竞争吸附变强,采用单组分Au催化剂难于在80–120 oC内使CO完全氧化.因此,设计并制备高效的Au催化剂来提高其在PEMFC工作温度(80–120 oC)条件下CO-PROX反应活性和选择性仍然是目前该方向的难点.氧化铈(CeO2)是一种重要的稀土化合物,由于Ce具有独特的4f电子层结构, Ce3+/Ce4+在一定条件下可以相互转化,具有较高的储放氧能力,即能够在富氧条件下储存氧,在贫氧条件下释放氧. CeO2是一种重要的氧化反应催化剂载体,是三效催化剂的主要组成部分,在净化汽车尾气方面稀土元素具有独特的优势,广泛应用于CO氧化和NOx消除等领域中.最近,本课题组以自制的氧化铝为载体,制备了K掺杂的Au-Cu/Al2O3催化剂,其在CO-PROX反应中具有较好的催化活性和稳定性.本文在此基础上,利用Au与CeO2之间的相互作用,制备了CeO2掺杂的Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂和K掺杂的Au-Cu/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂.表征结果发现,催化剂中Au和Au-Cu纳米粒子的尺寸均一,平均粒径分别为2.4±0.4和2.8±0.4 nm.与Au/Al2O3催化剂相比, Ce掺杂的Au催化剂具有更高的金属分散度,拓宽了其CO完全转化时的反应温度窗口(30–70 oC).对所制备的Au催化剂进一步通过拉曼光谱、H2程序升温还原和CO-红外光谱等手段分析和CO-PROX催化性能测试,可以证实Au-Cu/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂中各组分在CO-PROX反应中所起的作用.结果表明, CeO2的掺杂能增强活性组分与载体之间的相互作用,有助于提高Au-Cu纳米粒子的分散度,此外还能提高Au催化剂的还原性能,其表面形成的氧空位提高了CO-PROX反应的催化性能. Cu物种的引入显著增强了CO在Au催化剂上吸附能力.综上所述, CeO2组分对Au/Al2O3催化剂的促进作用体现在：(1)有效锚定Au和Au-Cu纳米粒子;(2)提供CO-PROX反应中的活性氧物种.     

CeO2-ZrO2固相溶液的制备和贮氧能力的研究

二氧化铈(CeO2)是优良的催化剂和催化剂促进剂,通过引入二氧化锆(ZrO2)可以提高其热稳定性及贮氧能力.研究以硝酸铈(Ⅳ)和氯氧锆为原料,用均相沉淀法制备CeO2-ZrO2固相溶液.用X光衍射(XRD)、差热-热重分析(DSC-TGA)、BET测定法和贮氧能力测定法对制备的CeO2-ZrO2进行了表征.BET测定制备的样品比表面积可达114m2/g;XRD结果表明,均相沉淀法制备样品具有萤石结构,Ce/Zr为3∶1,450℃时即可制备出Ce0.75Zr0.25O2,800℃时,相结构稳定,TGA-DSC热分析没有出现热峰,说明样品热稳定性优良;通过100℃、200℃、400℃和800℃的氧贮存能力测定,实验结果表明,CeO2-ZrO2固体溶液的氧贮存能力随温度的升高而降低,在高温下的氧贮存能力随Zr含量的增加而增大,ZrO2的引入不但改进了CeO2的热稳定性,而且提高Ceo2样品高温下的氧贮存能力.     

粒径可控纳米CeO_2的微乳液法合成

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3)水溶液(氨水)所形成的反相微乳液体系合成CeO2前驱体,利用热重(TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析方法确定了得到纳米CeO2的适宜焙烧温度为550℃,CeO2前驱体经550℃焙烧后得到纳米CeO2.采用XRD、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计等表征手段分别对纳米CeO2的晶形、形貌、粒径及紫外吸收性质进行了表征,该纳米CeO2粒子具有立方晶型结构,分散性较好、粒径范围为5-18nm.考察了微乳液中正辛烷与正丁醇质量比、Ce(NO3)3浓度对纳米CeO2粒径的影响,结果表明:利用微乳液法,通过改变微乳液中正辛烷与正丁醇质量比、Ce(NO3)3浓度能够对纳米CeO2粒径进行有效控制;纳米CeO2的粒径均随着正辛烷与正丁醇质量比和Ce(NO3)3浓度的增大而减小.同时,对不同条件下制得的纳米CeO2的紫外吸收性质进行了考察.     

CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3稀土储氧材料制备工艺的研究

采用化学沉淀法制备了系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3稀土储氧材料,并用BET,XRD和储氧性能测定等表征手段考察了陈化时间、La2O3含量、反应pH和沉淀方式等工艺因素对CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3比表面积、储氧性能和结构的影响。结果表明:当陈化时间为12 h,反应pH=10时,掺杂2%(质量分数)La2O3的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品在老化前后均具有很高比表面积和良好的储氧性能,并且pH为影响样品比表面积及热稳定性能的主要因素。与一步法沉淀相比,二步法制得的CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3样品具有很高的热稳定性能,1050℃老化5 h后的样品比表面积高达46.4 m2.g-1,但储氧性能略差,这与Al2O3对CeO2-ZrO2的结构影响程度有关。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.