CoMo/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂的气相氟化改性

采用连续流动微型催化反应装置和氮气吸附等方法研究了气相预氟化和氟化铵溶液浸渍处理对CoMo/ TiO2-Al2O3噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性和物化性能的影响.通过对0.5 ％～7 ％ (φ)各种氟里昂浓度和473～773 K各种温度及不同时间氟化处理的样品进行详细考察,发现在623 K下由含氟里昂1％(φ)的湿空气氟化的载体制备的催化剂样品,其噻吩的加氢脱硫的活性有明显改善,相对于非氟化样品、BY-2工业催化剂以及氟化铵溶液浸渍处理的催化剂活性提高20％～30％,且非常稳定.初步表征还表明,氟里昂气相加氟与氟盐溶液浸渍加氟相比较,有不破坏催化剂结构和不降低催化剂比表面积的优点.     

用微波技术制备NiW/TiO2-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂

 采用微波技术制备了NiW/TiO2-Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂,并用NH3-TPD,Py-FT-IR,TPR和TPS(程序升温硫化)对催化剂进行了表征; 以噻吩为模型化合物,在中压固定床微反装置上考察了催化剂的加氢脱硫性能. 结果表明,在w(TiO2)=15%的催化剂样品中,微波处理的催化剂的活性比常规催化剂高. 微波处理改变了载体和催化剂表面的酸性质,催化剂样品表面的强酸酸量减少,弱酸和中强酸酸量增加. 微波处理的催化剂的还原性能和硫化性能均好于常规法制备的催化剂. 这可能是微波技术制备的催化剂具有较高加氢脱硫活性的原因.     

表面活性剂对水热法合成MoS2加氢脱硫催化剂的影响

采用水热法合成了MoS₂加氢脱硫催化剂,用物理吸附、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对催化剂进行表征,并以噻吩为模型化合物研究不同类型表面活性剂对合成MoS₂催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,加入表面活性剂制备的催化剂颗粒疏松均匀,比表面积、孔容、孔径都较大,并且MoS₂层状堆叠数目增加;所制催化剂在噻吩加氢脱硫反应中均显示出较好的催化活性,在573 K、4.0 MPa条件下,噻吩加氢脱硫的转化率均大于97.0%,加入阳离子表面活性剂的Mo-S-C催化活性最高,噻吩转化率可达到99.9%。MoS₂催化剂的活性顺序为Mo-S-C>Mo-S-S>Mo-S-P>Mo-S-N。     

硫代硫酸铵预硫化的MoO3／Al2O3催化剂的活化和加氢脱硫活性

以硫代硫酸铵为硫化剂对MoO3/Al2O3催化剂进行预硫化,考察了制备方法和活化条件对预硫化催化剂噻吩加氢脱硫活性的影响. 结果表明,硫代硫酸铵预硫化的催化剂活化后,加氢脱硫活性好,噻吩的转化率达到99%以上,而二甲基二硫硫化的MoO3/Al2O3催化剂在相同条件下,噻吩转化率只有92%. 合适的活化温度为200～300 ℃, 活化压力增加有利于预硫化催化剂的还原硫化和加氢脱硫活性的提高. 硫代硫酸铵预硫化催化剂的高脱硫活性主要归因于多层的Ⅱ型MoS2活性相的形成,其次是硫化程度的提高. 硫代硫酸铵预硫化催化剂经过氢气活化和补充硫化两个阶段,其硫化程度高于传统方法硫化的催化剂.     

CO吸附原位红外光谱结合分子模拟计算研究FCC汽油加氢脱硫催化剂的选择性

以脱硫选择性不同的2组催化裂化汽油加氢脱硫催化剂为研究对象, 采用CO吸附原位红外光谱表征了2组催化剂的活性相特征, 并通过分子模拟计算方法比较了助剂Co加入前后噻吩和1-己烯在催化剂表面的电荷分布、吸附能及其加氢反应的活化能等, 探讨了助剂Co的加入对选择性加氢脱硫催化剂脱硫选择性的作用机理. 结果表明, 加氢脱硫催化剂CoMoS活性相的增加有利于提高催化剂的加氢脱硫/加氢降烯烃(HDS/HYD)选择性. 与1-己烯加氢位相比, Co的加入显著提高了噻吩分子加氢位的缺电子性, 噻吩在催化剂表面的吸附度增强, 显著降低噻吩加氢反应的能垒, 从而使噻吩加氢反应更易进行. 这也表明CoMoS为高HDS活性、高HDS/HYD选择性的活性相.     

Ni_2P/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及其加氢脱硫、脱氮性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2-Al2O3复合载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附比表面积(BET)测定、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征.催化剂加氢脱硫(HDS)和脱氮(HDN)活性评价在实验室固定床连续反应装置上,以噻吩和吡啶为模型反应物进行.考察了不同载体、Ni2P负载量、标称Ni/P摩尔比、催化剂焙烧温度对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂上同时进行的噻吩加氢脱硫和吡啶加氢脱氮性能的影响.结果表明,TiO2含量为80%(w)的TiO2-Al2O3复合氧化物为载体,Ni2P负载量为30.0%(w),标称Ni/P摩尔比为1/2,催化剂焙烧温度为500℃时,Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性最高.在360℃,3.0MPa,氢油比800(V/V),液时体积空速1.5h-1的条件下,噻吩HDS和吡啶HDN转化率分别为61.32%和64.43%.     

Ni2P/HZSM5上噻吩加氢脱硫性能研究

采用程序升温还原方法制备了Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂。用X射线衍射 (XRD)、低温N2吸附（BET）、扫描电镜(SEM)等技术对催化剂样品的物相、比表面积、形貌等性质进行了表征。在连续微反系统中测定了Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫催化活性；研究了Ni2P负载量、前驱体中Ni/P摩尔比对催化剂的物相及性能的影响，考察了空速、反应温度、反应压力等操作条件对催化剂上噻吩加氢脱硫性能的影响。实验结果表明，Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂对噻吩加氢脱硫反应具有较高的活性和稳定性。随着Ni2P负载量、前驱体中Ni/P摩尔比的增加，催化剂的活性和稳定性先升高后降低。反应温度和体积空速对Ni2P/HZSM5催化剂的噻吩加氢脱硫性能有较明显的影响，反应压力和进料氢油比的影响相对较小。     

Ni2P加氢脱硫催化剂

环境法规对硫氧化物脱出的限制日益严格以及原油品质的不断下降,使得有必要研发高效的加氢脱硫催化剂。Ni2P由于具有优异的加氢脱硫活性和稳定性,引起了广泛的关注。本文综述了Ni2P加氢脱硫催化剂的特性、反应活性相、制备方法、改进和加氢脱硫活性等方面的研究进展。在Ni2P中存在两种不同的初始活性位,四面体几何构型的Ni(1)初始活性位在加氢脱硫反应中参与直接脱硫反应,四方锥几何构型的Ni(2)初始活性位则与催化剂的高加氢活性有关。在加氢脱硫反应中,催化剂表面生成的NixSyP相被认为是真正的活性相。制备Ni2P的方法主要是程序升温还原和液相合成。载体、助剂和络合剂对Ni2P活性相的形成和催化剂的活性有重要影响。相比于商用硫化物催化剂,Ni2P催化剂对噻吩、二苯并噻吩和4,6-二甲基二苯并噻吩均表现出更高的加氢脱硫活性。     

超声波-微波法制备NiW/Al2O3加氢脱硫催化剂

 采用一次浸渍技术制备了NiW/Al2O3加氢脱硫(HDS)催化剂,在制备过程中采用超声波处理浸渍液,采用微波进行样品干燥. 以噻吩为模型化合物,在微反装置上评价了该催化剂的加氢脱硫活性. 使用X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜等表征手段研究了催化剂的表面状态和物化性. 结果表明,使用超声波及微波技术制备的NiW/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的加氢脱硫活性,催化剂的活性组分较易硫化,可生成更多的硫化物种参与反应. 催化剂中硫化态钨的表面原子浓度较高,从而使硫化态钨物种保持较高的表面分散度,有利于增加活性中心的数目. 该催化剂的活性中心结构具有较多配位不饱和的边缘位和棱边位,因而具有较高的加氢脱硫活性.     

FCC汽油选择性HDS催化剂的原位红外光谱研究

采用器外预硫化法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)负载的硫化态Co-Mo-S选择性加氢脱硫催化剂.应用原位红外技术(in-situ IR)对选择性加氢脱硫催化剂(Co-Mo-S/CNT)的表面吸附烯烃特性和HDS过程进行了动态研究.原位红外光谱数据表明:1-辛烯在Co-Mo-S/CNT催化剂表面很容易发生加氢饱和,150℃时完全反应;二异丁烯较难加氢,340℃下归属于=C-H伸缩振动吸收峰的3081cm-1特征峰依然很明显;噻吩的特征峰在280℃左右完全消失,Co-Mo-S/CNT催化剂对二异丁烯和噻吩具有很高的选择性HDS活性,噻吩和二异丁烯在Co-Mo-S/CNT催化剂上的吸附发生在不同的活性位上,不存在相互影响.     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

The preparation of NbH5(Me2PCH2CH2Me2)2 and NbHL2(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)2 (L = CO or C2H4)

MMe₅(dmpe) (M = Nb or Ta, dmpe = Me₂PCH₂CH₂PMe₂) reacts with H₂ (500 atm) and dmpe in THF at 60°C to give MH₅(dmpe)_2? NbH₅(dmpe)₂ readily reacts with two mol of CO or ethylene (L) to give NbHL₂(dmpe)₂. The exchange of the hydride ligand with the ethylene protons in NbH(C₂H₄)₂(dmpe)₂ is not rapid on the ¹H NMR time scale (60 MHz) at 95°C.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Ag2Se-Tl2Se-Bi2Se3 quasi-ternary system

The Ag₂Se-Tl₂Se-Bi₂Se₃ quasi-ternary system (system A) was studied using DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure examination, and microhardness measurements. TlBiSe₂-AgBiSe₂, AgTlSe-AgBiSe₂, AgTlSe-Bi₂Se₃, and Tl₂Se-AgBiSe₂ polytherms, isothermal sections at 500 and 800 K, and liquidus surface projection of system A were constructed. System A is congruently triangulated into the following subordinate triangles: Tl₂Se-AgTlSe-Tl₉BiSe₆ (I), AgTlSe-Tl₉BiSe₆-TlBiSe₂ (II), Ag₂Se-AgTlSe-TlBiSe₂ (III), Ag₂Se-AgBiSe₂-TlBiSe₂ (IV), and AgBiSe₂-TlBiSe₂-Bi₂Se₃ (V). Subsystems I, III, and V are ternary systems with three-phase eutectic equilibrium; system II has a three-phase eutectic, and system IV is characterized by several invariant and monovariant peritectic and eutectic equilibria. Primary crystallization and homogeneity fields were outlined, and the types and coordinates of invariant and monovariant equilibria in system A were determined. A characteristic feature of the title system is an extensive field of solid solutions between high-temperature cubic AgBiSe₂ and TlBiSe₂ phases; this field lies as a continuous belt along the AgBiSe₂-TlBiSe₂ quasibinary section and covers about one-fourth of the surface area of the triangular diagram of system A.     

Polymorphism in the Sc2Si2O7-Y2Si2O7 system

This paper examines the structural changes with temperature and composition in the Sc₂Si₂O₇-Y₂Si₂O₇ system; members of this system are expected to form in the intergranular region of Si₃N₄ and SiC structural ceramics when sintered with the aid of Y₂O₃ and Sc₂O₃ mixtures. A set of different compositions have been synthesized using the sol-gel method to obtain a xerogel, which has been calcined at temperatures between 1300 and 1750 °C during different times. The temperature-composition diagram of the system, obtained from powder XRD data, is dominated by the β-RE₂Si₂O₇ polymorph, with γ-RE₂Si₂O₇ and δ-RE₂Si₂O₇ showing very reduced stability fields. Isotherms at 1300 and 1600 °C have been analysed in detail to evaluate the solid solubility of the components. Although, the XRD data show a complete solid solubility of β-Sc₂Si₂O₇ in β-Y₂Si₂O₇ at 1300 °C, the ²⁹Si MAS-NMR spectra indicate a local structural change at x ca. 1.15 (Sc_2−xY_xSi₂O₇) related to the configuration of the Si tetrahedron, which does not affect the long-range order of the β-RE₂Si₂O₇ structure. Finally, it is interesting to note that, although Sc₂Si₂O₇ shows a unique stable polymorph (β), Sc³⁺ is able to replace Y³⁺ in γ-Y₂Si₂O₇ in the compositional range 1.86?x?2 (where x is Sc_2−xY_xSi₂O₇) as well as in δ-Y₂Si₂O₇ for compositions much closer to the pure Y₂Si₂O₇.     

Synthesis and characterization of inorganic solid electrolytes of Li2O-SiO2-P2O5 and Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5 systems

The lithium-ion-conducting inorganic solid electrolytes in the oxide systems Li₂O-SiO₂-P₂O₅ and Li₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅ were prepared by the solid-state reaction, and the electrolyte pellet made by cold-pressing method had diameter of 13 mm and was about 1 mm thick. Phase identification and surface morphology of the products were carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Ionic conductivity of the pellets was investigated through ac impedance. The results show that the adding of other cations can improve the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte, and the sintering temperature and duration can influence the ionic conductivity. The maximum ionic conductivity in the samples is 9.9 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm in the Li₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅ system. Original Russian Text ? W. Li, M. Wang, Z.H. Li, X.F. Shang, H. Wang, Y.W. Wang, Y.B. Xu, 2007, published in Elektrokhimiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 1341–1345.     

(H2NC4H8NCH2CH2NH2)(HNCH2CH2NH2)3Zn2Ge2Se8: A new,templated one-dimensional ternary semiconductor stabilized by mixed organic cations

The novel, 1D semiconductor (H₂NC₄H₈NCH₂CH₂NH₂)(HNCH₂CH₂NH₂)₃Zn₂Ge₂Se₈ has been synthesized under solvothermal conditions using N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine as solvent and templating agent at 200 °C. The material was characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The compound consists of 1D anionic [Zn₂Ge₂Se₈]⁴⁻ chains made of alternating edge-shared [ZnSe₄] and [GeSe₄] tetrahedra that charged balanced by one N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazinium and three piperazinium cations. The optical properties were investigated with solid state UV–Vis/near IR spectroscopy and the results show that the solid is a medium gap semiconductor with an absorption edge at 1.8 eV.