乙酸苄酯在H-β沸石上的催化合成

β沸石是一种高硅大孔沸石^[1],H－β沸石已用于催化某些有机反应,例如芳醚的酰化^[2],歧化反应^[3]等。酯化反应通常用浓硫酸或Lewis酸作催化剂,但传统的方法有催化剂易流失,反应产物难纯制,腐蚀性和有毒废物等缺点,用HZSM－5等固体酸催化剂^[4,5]能显克服这些,本报道用H－β沸石作催化剂合成乙酸苄酯的结果。     

丁烯酮—丙烯腈共聚物与过渡金属的配合物催化甲醇羰基化制乙酸…

合成了一系列丁烯酮－丙烯腈共聚物与过渡金属的配位化合物，用Ｘ－射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）的研究了其中存在的配位特征，通过甲醇羰基化反应制备乙酸，乙酸酐的反应，考察了不同催化剂的活性，实验结果表明，在反应中其活性顺序：铑配合物〉镍配合物〉钌配合物〉钴配合物。     

树脂担载金催化苯胺衍生物氧化羰化制氨基甲酸甲酯

树脂类高聚物担载的各种过渡金属和贵金属催化剂在加氢、选择氧化、聚合、氢甲酰化等反应中已有应用^[1,2],金催化剂作为一种新型的催化材料正日益引起人们的重视。继无机氧化物担载金催化剂得到广泛使用后^[3-7],有机金催化下的醇醛缩合^[8]、烯烃羧化^[9]以及锡烷偶联^[10]等反应的效果亦很好。最近,我们将有机金配合物催化剂用于胺类化合物氧化羰化制取氨基甲酯的反应^ [11],结果很好。但该均相催化体系仍存在催化剂分离回收和重复使用困难等问题。我们将金担载于各种高聚物上并用于苯胺及其衍生物的氧化羰化时,发现使用大孔弱酸性阳离子交换树脂作为催化剂载体对该反应的活性很高。相对于以往广泛研究的钯、钌、铑等的各种配合物加助催化组分催化剂体系^[12-14],这一体系简单、高效、易分离,且能够重复使用。     

反应萃取法合成戊二醛中H3PMoxW12—xO40的催化作用

杂多酸Ｈ３ＰＭｏｘＷ１２－ｘＯ４０是通过其适宜的酸性,氧化性的双功能的配合催化,使Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化环戊烯为戊二醛,液－液相转移反应萃取氧化过程是杂多酸与相转移催化剂形成油溶性配合物,此配合物在相界面被Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化为过氧化杂多酸配合物,过氧化杂多酸配合物在有机相可能机理是Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化杂多酸为过氧化杂多酸。     

原位反应法制备CpTi(dbm)Cl2/MgCl2载体型催化剂及其催化乙烯聚合的研究

非茂催化剂对烯烃聚合显示出优异的催化特性,是继ziegler—Natta催化剂及茂金属催化剂之后的新一代烯烃聚合催化剂^[1],其中非环戊二烯基配体有含氮化合物[2-8]和含氧化合物^[9-15]等,这些非茂配合物可催化乙烯或丙烯聚合．将金属中心与一个环戊二烯基和一个非环戊二烯基配体而     

丁烯酮-丙烯腈共聚物与过渡金属的配合物催化甲醇羰基化制乙酸和乙酸酐

合成了一系列丁烯酮-丙烯腈共聚物与过渡金属的配位化合物,用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了其中存在的配位特征。通过甲醇羰基化反应制备乙酸、乙酸酐的反应,考察了不同催化剂的活性。实验结果表明,在反应中其活性顺序:铑配合物>镍配合物>钌配合物>钴配合物。     

Brφnsted酸性离子液体催化合成阿司匹林

用Brφnsted酸性离子液体[Hmim]BF4、[bmim]HSO4和[bmim]H2PO4代替浓H2SO4为催化剂催化乙酸酐对水杨酸的乙酰化,合成阿司匹林。考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酐/醇摩尔比对水杨酸酰化反应产率的影响和离子液体的重复使用性能。选择了最佳反应条件,以[bmim]H2PO4作为催化剂,催化剂用量为0.28g(1.18×10-3mol),水杨酸2.762g(0.02mol),乙酸酐4.083g(0.04mol),n(酐)∶n(醇)=2∶1,反应时间30min,反应温度70℃,产率最高达63.43%,并且[bmim]H2PO4溶于水后通过过滤和旋蒸脱水,重复使用3次,产率无明显变化。     

手性胺—铜配合物的合成及其在菊酸不对称合成中的应用

报导了新型希夫碱－铜配合物的合成，及其对菊酸不对称合成的催化诱导效应，用降解脱氢松香胺和水杨醛反应，形成希夫碱，再与醋酸铜反应，制行希夫碱－铜配合物。将该配合物作为手性催化剂，催化重氮乙酸乙酯及重氮乙酸冰片酯与２，５－二甲基－２，４－己二烯合成菊酸的反应，讨论了重饩     

Brønsted酸性离子液体催化合成阿司匹林

用Bronsted酸性离子液体[Hmim]BF4、[bmim]HSO4和[bmim]H2PO4代替浓H2SO4为催化剂催化乙酸酐对水杨酸的乙酰化,合成阿司匹林.考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酐/醇摩尔比对水杨酸酰化反应产率的影响和离子液体的重复使用性能.选择了最佳反应条件,以[bmim]H2PO4作为催化剂,催化剂用量为0.28 g(1.18×10-3mol),水杨酸2.762 g(0.02 mol),乙酸酐4.083 g(0.04 mol),n(酐)n(醇)=21,反应时间30 min,反应温度70℃,产率最高达63.43%,并且[bmim]H2PO4溶于水后通过过滤和旋蒸脱水,重复使用3次,产率无明显变化.     

双金属配合物催化甲醇羰基化反应

铑的配合物用于催化甲醇羰基化反应以制备乙酸及乙酸酐，已被成功地应用于工业生产。然而，由于铑的价格昂贵，非铑型催化剂的研究引起人们极大的兴趣。对于甲醇羰基化反应而言，多种过渡金属的相应配合物都表现出一定的活性［１］。其中两种金属共存的双金属催化剂的性能...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。