疏水硅沸石Silicalite-I)结构性质的表征

用粉末XRD, FT-IR, 29^Si MAS NMR, 对高硅HZSM-5沸石及疏水硅沸石Silicalite I进行结构性质表征。在室温下, 疏水硅沸石具有ZSM-5的单斜对称性。它的红外骨架振动谱及高分辨29^Si固体核磁共振谱均显示出高的分辨率。在红外光谱中, 3700和3500cm^-1左右的表面Si-OH基振动消失。表明疏水硅沸石晶格中的[SiO~4]四面体排列完美。由-Si-O-Si-构成的微也表面, 具有优良的疏水性。     

硅沸石完美骨架上的吸附Ⅰ.乙胺/FAU型沸石相互作用

采用核磁、红外、XRD研究了FAU硅沸石与吸附的乙胺之间的相互作用,XRD谱显示乙胺的吸入导致沸石晶胞收缩、对称性改变,立方变四方.29Si MAS NMR上,FAU硅沸石的单峰分裂成四重峰,同时骨架的红外吸收峰移向低频.这些结果表明,FAU骨架与吸附的乙胺之间存在着强烈的相互作用.     

频率内标红外光谱法测定丝光沸石中的硅铝比

红外光谱法已用于沸石分子筛的结构及其表面性质的研究。Flanigen等详细研究了合成沸石的红外光谱,指出在1300-200cm~(-1)区合成沸石的红外光谱可归属两类振动:四面体内部振动和外部连结的振动。同时还阐明除了弯曲振动外,其余振动的吸收频率均与含铝克原子分数有线性关系,这就为红外光谱法测定沸石分子筛中硅铝比奠定了基础。表征四面体内部振动的谱带热稳定性好,在结晶形和无定形结构中均存在,特     

完善骨架全硅β沸石性质研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,静置水热法合成全硅β沸石 。用硝酸(13 mol/L)对硅铝比(Si/Al)为20的Na-β沸石回流脱铝。焙烧后的上述两 样品经粉末X射线衍射、低温氮吸附、核磁共振、红外光谱、吸附等温线等表征, 发现合成的全硅β沸石骨架与孔道结构完善并具有很高的表面疏水／亲有机物的吸 附特性。     

完善骨架全硅β沸石性质研究

以四乙基氢氧化铵为模板剂，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，静置水热法合成全硅β沸石 。用硝酸(13 mol/L)对硅铝比(Si/Al)为20的Na-β沸石回流脱铝。焙烧后的上述两 样品经粉末X射线衍射、低温氮吸附、核磁共振、红外光谱、吸附等温线等表征， 发现合成的全硅β沸石骨架与孔道结构完善并具有很高的表面疏水／亲有机物的吸 附特性。     

合成温度对中孔分子筛M41S材料结构转变的影响──不同结构材料的表征

分别用氮气吸附-脱附测定、激光傅立叶红外(FTIR)、²⁹Si和³⁷Al固态魔角核磁共振(MASNMR)和微分热重(DTG)等手段表征了低表面活性剂浓度及低表面活性剂与硅原子摩尔比的十六烷基三甲基溴化钦与硅酸钠体系中不同温度形成的不同中孔M41S和微孔ZSM－5沸石.研究发现,合成温度从100℃提高至135℃,MCM－41的固体颗粒变细,孔壁厚增加而中孔表面积和体积降低.合成温度从135℃提高至150℃,由热稳定的六角相转化形成的层状M41S层间移去表面活性剂后,层面倒塌而失去中孔结构,红外骨架谱中出现双环振动谱带,同时层板硅羟基相互凝聚导致²⁹SiMASNMR港失去精细结构.合成温度再提高至≥165℃,骨架硅羟基高度凝聚,Q3/Q4比大为降低,红外光谱中双环振动峰增强且位移至548cm^-1,层状M41S转化为ZSM-5沸石.DTG结果显示,不同结构的分子筛的形成来自于在不同温度下CTMAB与硅酸根物种间的不同相互作用.     

硅铝比对HZSM-5沸石骨架振动的影响

本文利用红外光谱方法研究了硅铝比对HZSM-5型沸石骨架振动的影响。发现1230cm~(-1)附近的谱带波数随铝的克原子分数增加呈线性减少。当逐步加热,骨架结构被破坏后,1230cm~(-1)附近谱带消失。由此认为该谱带应归属为HZSM-5型沸石中硅(铝)氧四面体间外部连接的反对称伸缩振动。     

干法合成纯硅丝光沸石

在Ｎａ２Ｏ－ＳｉＯ２－ＥＡ体系中利用干法首次成功地合成了纯硅丝光沸石，采用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ及ＩＲ等仪器分析方法对产物的结构，形貌，红外有架振动及稳定性等进行了表征。实验结果表明，干法合成的纯硅丝光沸石具有良好的耐酸性；与水热体系合成的丝光沸石相比，干法得到的丝光沸石的晶胞体积出现较明显的收缩趋势。     

无定型二氧化硅在硅沸石表面上的固相转化

无定型二氧化硅在硅沸石表面上的固相转化龙英才（复旦大学化学系，上海，２００４３３）关键词硅沸石，固相转化，无定型二氧化硅硅沸石（Ｓｉｌｉｃａｌｉｔｅ－１）的晶体结构与ＺＳＭ－５相同，由于其疏水／亲有机物的独特吸附特性作为一种新型沸石吸附剂有广泛的应用...     

无胺法合成高硅丝光沸石的表征

采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、MAS NMR等表征手段, 对以氟离子为结构导向剂无胺法合成的高硅丝光沸石进行了表征. 结果表明: 高硅丝光沸石结构属立方晶系, 晶胞参数小于传统低硅丝光沸石, 但b、c值要比相近硅铝比非氟体系合成的丝光沸石样品的大; 样品形貌及粒径与其硅铝比有关, 表明晶化条件对产物形貌及粒径均有影响; 随硅铝比的增大, FT-IR光谱中450、544、1053 cm-1谱带向高频移动, 720 cm-1谱带强度减弱, 表明骨架中铝减少而硅增多; 采用含氟无胺体系合成高硅丝光沸石时基本上不会产生非骨架铝.     

高硅FAU沸石与甲胺吸附物的相互作用

合成高硅沸石中所用的模板剂胺类分子与沸石骨架 Si—O基团间的相互作用机理尚不清楚 .迄今为止 ,沸石与吸附胺之间的相互作用的研究还只限于测定沸石酸性质 [1,2 ]、表面羟基活性位或了解模板分子在沸石骨架中的位置和状态 [3,4 ] .甲胺、乙胺在骨架完美的高硅 FAU(Y型 )沸石上的亲和性指数 AT 值 ,即被吸附有机物脱附峰温与该有机物的沸点之差分别高达 1 60与 1 5 0℃[5] .而在高硅 MFI(Silicalite-1 )沸石上为 1 60与 1 2 7℃ [6 ] .与大多数有机物不同 ,被吸附的胺类脱附时的吸热效应十分明显 .上述现象表明胺与高硅沸石骨架 O2 -…     

TS-1分子筛骨架钛原子引入过程的研究

采用廉价的四丙基溴化铵（ＴＰＡＢｒ）为模板剂合成了ＴＳ１分子筛．在晶化过程中,运用ＸＲＤ,ＩＣＰ,ＩＲ,２９ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ和ＵＶＶｉｓ光谱等表征手段,系统地研究了钛原子引入分子筛骨架的机制,观察到钛原子随分子筛的形成同步进入骨架的规律．另外,尽管在晶化初期固相中没有ＴｉＯ２结晶出现,但存在分散态的ＴｉＯｘ物种．随晶化时间的延长,液相中钛物种之间聚合的几率增加,使固相中ＴｉＯ２晶体不断形成．     

Reactivity of Extra‐framework Species of USY Zeolites in Alkaline Medium

Zeolites of type USY (ultra‐stable Y) were obtained by steaming of NH₄NaY modification. Samples were modified by subsequent alkaline treatment in KOH solution. USY and USY‐KOH were characterised by chemical element analysis, XRD, IR, ²⁹Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopic measurements. Correct silicon to aluminium ratios (Si/Al) were determined by XRD and IR (double ring vibration w_DR) data whereas values calculated according to data of ²⁹Si MAS NMR and IR spectroscopy (asymmetrical TOT valence vibration w_TOT) appeared to be too high., In the latter case, the signals of the zeolite framework were strongly superimposed by that of extra‐framework silica gel (EFSi) formed during steaming. It was found that alkaline leaching induces desilication of silicon‐rich area of the zeolite framework and partial dissolution of EFSi. Silicate ions of both react with likewise dissolved extra‐framework aluminium (EFAl) to form X‐ray amorphous aluminosilicate. Consequently, the superposition of the ²⁹Si MAS NMR signals of the zeolite framework by silica gel was reduced for Q⁴(0Al) but increased for Q⁴ (2Al) and Q⁴(3Al) structure units. A reinsertion of EFAl into the zeolite framework has not been observed.     

Characterisation of Siliceous Extra‐Framework Species in DAY Zeolites by 29Si MAS NMR and IR Spectroscopic Measurements

Dealuminated Y zeolites (DAY) were obtained by steaming of NH₄NaY at temperatures between 450 °C and 700 °C. They were characterised by means of ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR, IR spectroscopic and XRD measurements. The Si/Al framework ratios of samples were calculated using the ²⁹Si MAS NMR signal intensities, the wave numbers of the double‐ring vibration band w_DR and the asymmetrical TOT valence vibration w_TOT of IR spectra as well as the XRD lattice constant a₀. In contrast to actual Si/Al ratio obtained from w_DR and a₀, the NMR spectroscopic and w_TOT values were determined to be too high because of the superposition of the signals coming from dealuminated zeolite framework and silica gel which forms in the zeolite as a result of steaming. The differently determined Si/Al ratios characterise the siliceous extra‐framework species.     

硅沸石完美骨架上的吸附1: 乙胺/FAU型沸石相互 作用

采用核磁、红外、XRD研究了FAU硅沸石与吸附的乙胺之间的相互作用,XRD谱显示乙胺的吸入导致沸石晶胞收缩、对称性改变,立方变四方。^2^9SiMASNMR上,FAU硅沸石的单峰分裂成四重峰,同时骨架的红外吸收峰移向低频。这些结果表明,FAU骨架与吸附的乙胺之间存在着强烈的相互作用。     

Effect of molecular oxygen on the variable-temperature 29Si MAS NMR spectra of zeolite-sorbate complexes

Structure determinations of siliceous zeolite-sorbate host-guest complexes by solid-state NMR require highly resolved 29Si MAS NMR spectra. As the temperature is lowered, the 29Si MAS NMR spectra of many zeolite-sorbate complexes become broadened such that the resolution of the individual 29Si peaks is lost, limiting the application of solid-state NMR for structure determination. It is shown that the 29Si peak widths are related to the 29Si T2 relaxation times and that the source of the 29Si relaxation and the line broadening is paramagnetic molecular oxygen in the channels of the zeolite. Removal of the oxygen by purging the sample with nitrogen gas leads to a dramatic increase in the resolution of the 29Si MAS NMR spectrum of the p-dibromobenzene/ZSM-5 complex. An analysis of the individual 29Si T1 relaxation times reveals that the oxygen molecules are localized mainly in the zigzag channels of ZSM-5, suggesting that the p-dibromobenzene molecules are located in the channel intersections.     

Phase Transformations in Alkaline and Acid Leached Y Zeolites Dealuminated by Steaming

The steaming of zeolite Y (here at 873 K for 7 hours) leads to the formation of an amorphous aluminium aluminosilicate in addition to the dealuminated zeolite (DAY). An alkaline treatment of DAY causes the transformation of the non‐framework phase into an alkali aluminosilicate and the partial desilication of the DAY framework. The alkali aluminosilicate is decomposed by a moderate acid leaching under the formation of silica gel. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR and IR spectra of DAY and its chemically treated modifications are superimposed by the signals of the crystalline zeolite framework and the amorphous non‐framework materials whereas XRD measurements only characterize the current state of the framework.     

甲胺与MFI、FAU 及FER型高硅沸石的相互作用

The adsorption of methylamine on highly siliceous MFI, FAU and FER-type zeolites was investigated withXRD, FT-IR, Raman, ^13C and ^29Si MAS NMR, and compared with the adsorption of methanol. As the adsorption of the amine, the relative intensity of XRD peaks of the zeolites has been changed significantly, the high-resolution ^29Si MAS NMR peaks have been broadened and shifted to low field, and the resonance of Si-OH groups has appeared. The vibration of N-H has been shifted to low frequency and C-N vibration moved to high frequency in the IR spectra, and the ^13C resonance peak broadened and shifted to high field for the adsorbed amine. The facts reveal an associating interaction between the perfect framework of the zeolites and the adsorbed methylamine with hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of Si-OH groups and the high desorption temperature of the methylamine from the zeolites.     

Substitution clustering in a non-stoichiometric celsian synthesized by the thermal transformation of barium exchanged zeolite X

The thermal transformation of Ba exchanged zeolite X to celsian has been studied by ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. Evidence for the degradation of the zeolite framework is present in the ²⁹Si NMR spectra after thermal treatment at 850 °C. Confirmation is provided by the ²⁹Si NMR data that synthesis of celsian via the decomposition of Ba exchanged zeolite leads to a single defect phase. Clustering of the isomorphous replacement of aluminium by silicon must occur to explain the observed ²⁹Si chemical shifts. The ²⁷Al NMR data show distorted aluminium co-ordination sites upon the thermal transformation of Ba exchanged zeolite X. The distortions present in the amorphous matrix are greater than those present in the monoclinic and hexagonal crystalline phases of celsian.     

FER型沸石的合成、结构与吸附性质

在TMEDA(四甲基乙基二胺)-Na2O-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O体系(I),Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCO3^--CO3^2^-体系(II)及Py(吡啶)-PrNH2(正丙胺)-HF-SiO2-H2O体系(III)中, 分别合成了纯相FER沸石及FER硅沸石。用粉末XRD, FT-IR, 29Si MAS NMR及TG/DTA等表征其结构性质, 并用超微量电子真空吸附天平测定这些沸石样品对正己烷, 甲醇和水的吸附等温线。结果表明: 各体系合成的样品虽然结晶度高, 呈现出FER沸石的典型结构特征, 但由于它们的组成和晶格微结构不同, 热稳定性与吸附性质有明显的差异。在(I)体系中合成的FER沸石层错缺陷少, 晶格完美, 正己烷与甲醇的吸附量可达到理论值, 结构破坏温度为1190℃。红外精细谱及29Si MAS NMR高分辨谱证明FER硅沸石具有十分完美的骨架结构。由于晶胞收缩, 它对正己烷与甲醇吸附量略低于理论值, 并呈现出高度的疏水性。它的结构破坏温度高于1300℃。在(II)体系中合成的FER型沸石结构缺陷多, 沸石孔中的钾离子不易被质子完全交换。它的正己烷与甲醇吸附量均较低, 而水的吸附量相对较高。吸附现象表明, 正己烷和甲醇都被吸附于FER沸石的十元环主孔道中, 分压较高时, 甲醇可通过八元环进入小笼, 而水的吸附性质则主要与各样品的Si-OH缺陷及骨架中的阳离子含量有关。