大雁褐煤超临界水萃取研究

在间歇式高压釜中进行了大雁褐煤的超临界水萃取研究。考察了萃取温度、时间、溶剂量及供氢溶剂等参数对过程产率及产品组成的影响。结果表明,褐煤超临界水萃取过程的转化率及产率受多种因素的影响,得到的萃取物组成也随条件变化而改变,过程中产生的气体主要成分为CO_2。经水萃取后的褐煤具有比原煤低的水分、低氧含量、高碳含量及一定的挥发分,即质量得到了提高。     

吡啶萃取对烟煤热解过程焦油生成特性的影响

煤中含有以非共价键结合的可萃取物，煤的萃取物和萃余物热解反应性不同。本研究首先用醋酸消除煤中静电作用力，再以吡啶萃取消除氢键作用力，通过热重和固定床研究了煤萃取物和萃余物的热解特性。相对于原煤，萃取物（E1）的H/C原子比较高，而萃余物（R1）比原煤的孔径有所增大。热重实验表明，萃取物热分解温度低，失重率大；萃余物在485℃之前失重大于原煤，温度高于485℃小于原煤。固定床氮气热解表明，萃取物（E1）的焦油产率和气体比原煤高；萃余物（R1）的焦油产率低于原煤焦油产率。而氢气气氛下，萃取残渣的焦油产率明显高于原煤，这是由于吡啶萃余物具有更开放的孔结构，有利于加氢热解过程氢向孔内扩散，减少了缩聚反应。     

吡啶萃取对烟煤热解过程焦油生成特性的影响（英文）

煤中含有以非共价键结合的可萃取物,煤的萃取物和萃余物热解反应性不同。本研究首先用醋酸消除煤中静电作用力,再以吡啶萃取消除氢键作用力,通过热重和固定床研究了煤萃取物和萃余物的热解特性。相对于原煤,萃取物(E1)的H/C原子比较高,而萃余物(R1)比原煤的孔径有所增大。热重实验表明,萃取物热分解温度低,失重率大;萃余物在485℃之前失重大于原煤,温度高于485℃小于原煤。固定床氮气热解表明,萃取物(E1)的焦油产率和气体比原煤高;萃余物(R1)的焦油产率低于原煤焦油产率。而氢气气氛下,萃取残渣的焦油产率明显高于原煤,这是由于吡啶萃余物具有更开放的孔结构,有利于加氢热解过程氢向孔内扩散,减少了缩聚反应。     

云南褐煤CO／H2O超临界萃取产物结构分析

对云南先锋褐煤ＣＯ／Ｈ２Ｏ超临界萃取产物进行了元素分析、平均分子量测定和Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、ＦＴＩＲ分析。结果表明，萃取物具有较小的结构单元和较高的杂原子含量，主要由芳环数为２－５，并具有烷基和酚羟基取代度２８－４６％的取代芳香结构组成。对正已烷可溶物柱色谱烷烃馏分和芳烃馏分进行了ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析，在烷烃馏分中检测出一系列烯烃存在，表明在萃取过程中有裂解反就 发生；芳烃馏分以基萘和烷基四氢萘为主要成分，取代     

先锋褐煤在水热处理过程中的结构演绎

以先锋褐煤(XF)为原料,在高压反应釜中考察了水热处理过程中褐煤的结构变化,通过13C固体核磁共振(NM R)和傅里叶变换红外光谱进行了分析表征。结果表明,在低于240℃的水热处理条件下,煤有机分子结构中的弱化学键有一定断裂,含氧官能团逐步减少;水中氢以离子形态迁移至褐煤中,处理后褐煤结构中甲基比例先增加后减少,次甲基比例由原煤的4.80%增加至XF-240的13.16%;释放的气体中主要是CO_2,烃类气体组分随处理温度的升高略有增加。当水热处理温度高于240℃时,褐煤中部分共价键开始断裂,释放的烃类气体(C1-4)由240℃时的2.13%增加至300℃时的8.59%,脂肪碳比例由XF-240的44.83%降低至XF-300的39.49%,与氧连接的碳比例由XF-240的12.57%降低至XF-300的1.49%。水热处理对褐煤的脱氧提质效果显著,300℃时氧含量降低约30%,芳香碳比例增加至60.50%,比原煤提高19%。     

混合溶剂超临界萃取大柳塔煤的研究

在一半连续装置上考察了以甲苯为主体的混合溶剂在超临界状态下对神府煤田大柳塔煤的萃取结果，得到了萃取物和气体生成速率随温度的变化关系，并与甲苯为溶剂时的萃取结果作了比较。实验结果表明，萃取过程中萃取物生成速率随温度的变化与煤热分解时失重速率变化相似。煤在各溶剂中的膨润比与其对应的萃取转化率无明确的相关关系。动力学处理结果表明，甲苯及其混合溶剂对大柳塔煤的萃取过程在宏观上都可分两段用二级反应来描述，其分界点在３３０℃左右。低温区表观活化能为２～２８ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，高温区为１２０～１８５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

五彩湾煤中钠在热解过程中的形态变迁

采用不同萃取液进行了新疆准东五彩湾高钠煤萃取实验,并利用微波消解仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪,分析了原煤和不同萃取过程下制得的煤样中的钠元素,确定了五彩湾煤中钠的存在形式。在氮气氛围下进行了原煤及不同萃取过程下煤样的热解实验,分析了热解半焦中钠的存在形式并确定煤中不同存在形式钠在热解过程中的演变规律。结果表明,五彩湾煤中钠主要为水溶钠,有机钠主要以羧酸盐形式存在。450~650℃时,实验煤样热解过程中部分水溶钠和盐酸溶钠会转化为醋酸铵溶钠。在热解过程中,实验煤样中水溶钠和醋酸铵溶钠的析出主要集中于650~850℃,1050℃时则有部分盐酸溶钠析出,此时,在实验条件下钠的挥发达到最大值。煤样半焦中的钠主要以不可溶钠形式存在。     

我国煤加氢热解研究—Ⅱ.先锋褐煤加氢及催化加氢热解的热重研究

本文在加压热天平上对云南先锋褐煤的加氢热解及ＭｏＳ２为催化剂的催化加氢热解进行了研究，并与比利时烟煤的结果作了比较。研究结果表明：１．褐煤加氢反应起始温度低，加氢热解的转化率和焦油收率高，表明褐煤容易进行加氢反应而且加氢产物易挥发；２．在氢气气氛下，煤中羧基和酚羟基分解为ＣＯ２和ＣＯ的反应补明显抑止，导致温度９００Ｋ以前，褐煤加氢热解气体产率低于惰性气氛下的热解；３．随压力和Ｍｏ载量的提高，催化加     

超临界CO_2萃取甾醇的研究(1)

本文用超临界ＣＯ＿２对高酸价麦胚油进行选择住萃取，结果表明，萃取温度和压力不同时，萃取物中甾醇的含量不同．且甾醇混合物主要为β－谷甾醇和菜籽甾醇。萃取物的酸价也明显高于高酸价麦胚油。     

淖毛湖褐煤分级萃取可溶有机质的组成结构特征及萃余残渣的热转化性能

采用二硫化碳、甲醇、丙酮和二硫化碳/丙酮(等体积混合溶剂)对淖毛湖褐煤(NL)进行逐级超声萃取,得到各级萃取物(E1-E4)和最终萃余物(ER)。采用GC-MS对各级萃取物E1-E4中的化合物组成和结构进行分析,发现E1中主要为烷烃、芳烃、醇类化合物和酯类化合物;E2中以烷烃、醇类化合物和酯类化合物为主。醇类化合物、酚类化合物以及酯类化合物是E3中的主要物质,且酯类化合物主要为邻苯二甲酸二酯类化合物。受到CS2和丙酮这两种溶剂协同作用的影响,E4中的烯烃类化合物的相对含量也比较高。采用FT-IR对NL、E1-E4和ER中所含官能团进行表征分析,结果发现,超声萃取过程只是将淖毛湖褐煤大分子骨架中游离的小分子化合物以及与大分子骨架以弱共价键相连的小分子萃取了出来,并未破坏煤样的大分子骨架结构。此外,NL和ER红外数据的分峰拟合结果显示,经过超声萃取后,ER中红外吸收峰的种类并未增加,只是峰的强度发生了改变。通过NL和ER的TG-DTG曲线可知,超声萃取后,NL的失重量由47.09%增加至51.04%,最大失重速率峰由450℃提前至430℃。NL和ER基于Coats-Redfern模型的热解动力学分析结果表明,经过超声萃取后,ER在快速热解阶段的活化能比NL更低,热解过程更容易进行。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.