共轭聚合物发光和光伏材料研究进展

聚合物光电功能材料与器件因其广阔的应用前景,1990年以年来吸引了世界各国学术界的广泛关注和兴趣.聚合物光电子器件主要包括聚合物电致发光二极管、聚合物场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳能电池等,其使用的关键材料是共轭聚合物光电子材料,包括共轭聚合物发光材料、场效应晶体管材料和光伏材料等.本文主要对共轭聚合物电致发光材料和光伏材料的研究进展进行综述,介绍了这些聚合物材料的种类、结构和性质以及在聚合物电致发光器件和聚合物太阳能电池中的应用.并讨论了当前共轭聚合物光电子材料中的关键科学问题和今后的发展方向.     

聚合物太阳能光伏技术研究进展

聚合物太阳电池因其结构简单、成本低、重量轻和可制成柔性器件等突出优点,近年来受到广泛关注,成为发展绿色可再生能源的重要方向。聚合物太阳电池中的给体和受体光伏材料是决定器件性能的关键,本文综述了共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯受体光伏材料的最新研究进展,并在共轭聚合物给体材料中对聚噻吩衍生物以及窄带隙D-A共聚物进行了重点介绍。同时讨论了薄膜优化和器件稳定性,最后从提高电池效率的几个方面展望了聚合物太阳电池的发展方向。     

共轭聚合物材料及电致发光器件

共轭聚合物是一种极有应用前景的有机半导体材料，本文综述其研究进展，包括典型共轭聚合物材料PPV、PT、PF等及PPP的工作原理，发展前景和存在的问题。     

含胍基抗菌聚合物的合成及应用

开发能与细菌非特异性结合的新型抗菌剂是解决细菌感染难题的方法之一。本文首先介绍了一种具有持久广谱高效抗菌性、无真核细胞毒性和细菌很难产生耐药性的含胍基抗菌聚合物;接着详细介绍了含胍基抗菌聚合物与细菌非特异性静电结合的抗菌机理;然后重点评述了主链含胍基抗菌聚合物、侧链含胍基抗菌聚合物以及表面接枝含胍基抗菌聚合物的设计理念、合成方法和抗菌性能;最后对新型含胍基抗菌聚合物的可控合成策略及应用前景进行了展望。     

高聚物的热传导性质

对聚合物固体、熔体和溶液的传导性质分别进行了论述,介绍了各控制因素对它们热传导的影响,阐述了研究聚合物热传导性质今后的发展方向。     

含氟硅聚合物的合成及应用

含氟硅聚合物作为一种新型材料,有机结合了含氟聚合物和含硅聚合物的优点,成为材料领域研究开发的热点之一。本文综述了含氟硅聚合物合成的研究进展,介绍了其应用情况。     

结晶聚合物中间层理论与实验佐证

概述了Ｆｌｏｒｙ和Ｙｏｏｎ由晶格模型出发，从理论上证明了结晶聚合物中间层的存在以及近年来许多学者采用多种实验技术确认中间层存在的事实。     

白光聚合物和聚合物白光器件

有机/聚合物电致发光器件(O/PLEDs)具有低能耗、宽视角、色彩丰富、快速响应、绿色环保以及可制备柔性屏等诸多优异特性,被业界公认为是21世纪最具潜质和最具发展前景的高技术领域之一.白光聚合物电致发光器件(WPLEDs)具有可通过湿法加工技术(如旋涂、丝网印刷、喷墨打印)大大降低器件的制作成本等优点,在显示和照明领域有着极大的应用前景,而受到人们广泛的关注.本文就国内在白光聚合物和聚合物白光器件方面的的研究现状,从聚合物白光器件和制备单一白光聚合物两个方面进行阐述,并介绍这一领域的发展前景和目前亟待解决的一些问题.     

树枝化聚合物的合成、结构表征及其应用

本文综述了由树枝状大分子和线形聚合物结合而形成的一类新型树形聚合物--树枝化聚合物的研究进展,包括树枝化聚合物的各种合成方法、结构表征和形态分析等.同时对树枝化聚合物在催化载体、纳米材料、生化和光电功能材料等领域的应用研究进行了详尽的综述.     

二次锂电池聚合物正极材料研究进展

近几十年,二次锂电池作为重要的储能装置得到迅猛发展,而开发高性能的锂电池电极材料一直是电化学能源领域的研究热点之一。与传统无机正极材料相比,聚合物正极材料具有比容量高、柔软性好、廉价易得、环境友好、加工方便、可设计性强等诸多优点。本文综述了导电聚合物、共轭羰基聚合物以及含硫聚合物正极材料的结构特点、电极反应机理、电化学性能和近五年来的重大研究进展,总结了这三类聚合物电极材料的优缺点,并重点介绍了含硫聚合物电极材料中存在的问题及改进手段,最后提出了综合这三类聚合物优点的含硫共轭导电聚合物将会是该领域的研究方向。     

温度敏感树形聚合物

温度敏感树形聚合物结合了温敏聚合物对温度具有响应行为的特点以及树形聚合物非线形构造的方式、大尺度、结构易于调节和功能化等特征,在智能材料和生物医药等领域有着重要的研究价值和应用前景。此类聚合物可以通过在树形聚合物表面引入温敏基元、控制聚合物结构的亲疏水比例以及采用温敏基元直接构筑聚合物等方式形成,其温敏性可以通过调控聚合物内部或外部基团的亲疏水性、树枝化基元代数、树形构造方式等得以实现与控制。此外,树形聚合物独特的拓扑结构赋予其与线形聚合物不同的温敏行为及脱水机理。本文综述了包括温敏树枝状大分子、温敏树枝化聚合物、温敏超支化聚合物等不同类型温敏树形聚合物近年来的研究进展,重点介绍这些聚合物的合成方法、温敏行为和拓扑结构对温敏行为的影响,以及在纳米材料、生物医用、分子传感器等方面的应用研究。     

Thermoanalytical studies on specialty polymers in Japan

Thermoanalytical studies on specialty polymers in Japan are reviewed. The basic and applied researches for the developments of new specialty polymers such as high-performance polymers, liquid crystalline polymers, and biodegradable polymers during the 1990's are introduced from the standpoint of thermal analysis. Many studies were performed for the improvements of durability and thermal stability of engineering polymers, biodegradable polymers and so on. A special topic of researches on the thermal behavior of polymers by high-pressure differential thermal analysis is included in this review. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于环糊精的高度支化聚合物*

环糊精（CD）与高度支化聚合物都存在空腔结构,若将两者结合起来可构筑出含有两种不同疏水空腔且具有特异物理化学功能的高分子体系,并有望在分子包合与识别、药物控释、基因传输等领域得到新的应用。本文根据高度支化聚合物与环糊精结合方式的不同,从以环糊精为核的高度支化聚合物、外端悬挂环糊精的高度支化聚合物、高度支化聚合物的结构单元与环糊精包合、环糊精与客体分子包合后自组装成高度支化聚合物,以及用功能化的环糊精单体合成超支化聚合物等5个方面对其研究进展进行了总结和评述,并在此基础上展望了该类聚合物的研究方向和发展趋势。     

生物特异性功能高分子

模仿天然生物活性高分子关键作用点的化学组成，在高分子链上接上各种官能团或化学残基，制备具有与该天然高分子相似生物活性的高分子，即生物特异性功能高分子。本文主要介绍拟肝素高分子和似粘连 蛋白高分子两种生物特异性功能高分子。     

Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements

The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in the synthesis of polymers that contain elements from the main groups beyond those found in typical organic polymers. Unique properties that arise from dramatic differences in bonding and molecular geometry, electronic structure, and chemical reactivity, are exploited in diverse application fields. Herein we highlight recent advances in inorganic backbone polymers, discuss how Lewis acid/base functionalization of polymers results in unprecedented reactivity, and survey conjugated hybrids with unique electronic structures for sensor and device applications.     

Doubly dendronized chiral polymers showing thermoresponsive properties

The dendronization of linear polymers by dendrons with different cores and peripheries provides a convenient strategy to fuse distinct properties in one matter. By combining thermoresponsive properties with chirality, a series of doubly dendronized polymers possessing interior chiral proline units and peripheral oligoethylene glycol (OEG)‐based dendrons are synthesized and characterized. The chirality of proline moieties are varied to check potential effects on thermoresponsiveness and chiroptical properties, and the terminal groups in the OEG periphery are changed to tune the hydrophilicity of the resulting polymers. The macromonomer route is applied to obtain polymers with well‐defined structures. Free radical polymerization in bulk results in polymers with surprisingly high molar masses. Their thermally induced phase transition processes are monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy, and chiroptical properties are monitored by optical rotation measurements and circular dichroism spectroscopy. These doubly dendronized polymers show characteristic thermoresponsive behavior, and their phase transition temperatures are dominated by the peripheral structures. Polymerization accompanies weak chiral amplification, but the chirality of the proline interior contributes significantly to the thermal stability of chiroptical properties of the resulting polymers. In vitro cytotoxicity measurements are carried out to check the biocompatibility of these thermoresponsive polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 5143–5152     

Synthetic biodegradable functional polymers for tissue engineering: a brief review

Scaffolds play a crucial role in tissue engineering. Biodegradable polymers with great processing flexibility are the predominant scaffolding materials. Synthetic biodegradable polymers with well-defined structure and without immunological concerns associated with naturally derived polymers are widely used in tissue engineering. The synthetic biodegradable polymers that are widely used in tissue engineering, including polyesters, polyanhydrides, polyphosphazenes, polyurethane, and poly (glycerol sebacate) are summarized in this article. New developments in conducting polymers, photoresponsive polymers, amino-acid-based polymers, enzymatically degradable polymers, and peptide-activated polymers are also discussed. In addition to chemical functionalization, the scaffold designs that mimic the nano and micro features of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are presented as well, and composite and nanocomposite scaffolds are also reviewed.     

Conformation Control of Conjugated Polymers

In the past few decades, conjugated polymers have aroused extensive interest in organic electronic applications. The electrical performance of conjugated polymers has a close relationship with their backbone conformation. The conformation of the polymer backbone strongly affects the πelectron delocalization along polymer chains, the energy band gap, interchain interactions, and further affects charge transport properties. To realize a rigid coplanar backbone that usually possesses efficient intrachain charge transport properties and enhanced π–π stackings, such conformation control becomes a useful strategy to achieve high-performance (semi)conducting polymers. This minireview summarizes the most important polymer structures through conformation control at the molecular level, and then divides these rigid coplanar conjugated polymers into three categories: 1) noncovalent interactions locked conjugated polymers; 2) double-bond linked conjugated polymers; 3) ladder conjugated polymers. The effect of the conformation control on physical nature, optoelectronic properties, and their device performance is also discussed, as well as the challenges of chemical synthesis and structural characterization.     

Recent advances in the syntheses of radical‐containing macromolecules

Tailor‐made polymers containing specific chemical functionalities have ushered in a number of emerging fields in polymer science. In most of these next‐generation applications the focus of the community has centered upon closed‐shell macromolecules. Conversely, macromolecules containing stable radical sites have been less studied despite the promise of this evolving class of polymers. In particular, radical‐containing macromolecules have shown great potential in magnetic, energy storage, and biomedical applications. Here, the progress regarding the syntheses of open‐shell containing polymers are reviewed in two distinct subclasses. In the first, the syntheses of radical polymers (i.e., materials composed of non‐conjugated macromolecular backbones and with open‐shell units present on the polymer pendant sites) are described. In the second, polyradical (i.e., macromolecules containing stabilized radical sites either within the macromolecular backbone or those containing radical sites that are stabilized through a large degree of conjugation) synthetic schemes are presented. Thus, the state‐of‐the‐art in open‐shell macromolecular syntheses will be reported and future means by which to advance the current archetype will be discussed. By detailing the synthetic pathways possible for, and the inherent synthetic limitations of, the creation of these functional polymers, the community will be able to extend the bounds of the radical‐containing macromolecular paradigm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1875–1894     

Anion Responsive Imidazolium‐Based Polymers

Stimuli responsiveness in polymer design is providing basis for diversely new and advanced materials that exhibit switchable porosity in membranes and coatings, switchable particle formation and thermodynamically stable nanoparticle dispersions, polymers that provide directed mechanical stress in response to intensive fields, and switchable compatibility of nanomaterials in changing environments. The incorporation of ionic liquid monomers has resulted in many new polymers based on the imidazolium group. These polymers exhibit all of the above‐articulated material properties. Some insight into how these anion responsive polymers function has become empirically available. Much opportunity remains for extending our understanding as well as for designing more refined stimuli‐responsive materials.