手性方酰胺催化巴比妥酸和硝基烯的不对称Michael加成反应

用手性环己二胺衍生的方酰胺催化1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸和硝基烯的不对称Michael加成反应,合成了一系列新型巴比妥衍生物,其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR表征。并考察了底物结构对反应收率和立体选择性的影响。结果表明：该反应可获得较高的收率(80%~100%)和中等至良好的对映选择性(ee 43%~90%)。     

果糖衍生手性酮催化剂的合成

以D 果糖为原料,经缩酮化、氧化、选择性水解和酯化等反应合成了果糖衍生手性酮催化剂,总收率68%,其结构经¹H NMR确证。     

奎宁衍生的新型手性胍催化剂的合成及其在不对称Michael加成反应中的应用研究

以生物碱奎宁和不同胺为原料,通过4步反应合成了5种新型手性胍催化剂,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。探索了一系列奎宁衍生的手性胍催化剂催化硝基乙烯类化合物和硫代丙二酸酯的不对称Michael加成反应。通过优化反应条件,确定最佳条件为：5 mol% 5e为催化剂,乙醚为溶剂,于20 ℃反应5 h。在此条件下进行了底物拓展,获得一系列2-(1-芳基-2硝基乙基)丙二酸二苯二硫酯,最高收率为92%,最高对映选择性为93%。     

手性特窗酸类化合物的合成

考察了一系列手性吡咯烷叔胺硫脲催化剂对4 氯代乙酰乙酸乙酯与亚胺的不对称Mannich/Cyclization串联反应的催化性能，合成了一系列具有潜在生物活性的手性特窗酸类衍生物，产率62%～92%，对映选择性68%～96%，产物结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS确证。并对反应条件进行了优化，对反应机理进行了推测。     

基于金鸡纳碱的磺酰脲类小分子催化剂的合成 及其在不对称Michael加成反应中的应用

金鸡纳碱类衍生物广泛应用于有机小分子催化。本文采用Mitsunobu反应和磺酰基异氰酸酯的胺解，合成了4种金鸡纳碱 磺酰脲类催化剂（3a~3d），其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。在优化反应条件下，3a催化硝基甲烷与查尔酮间的不对称Michael加成反应，收率71%和33% ee。     

新型水杨酮拼接手性烯胺类化合物的高效合成

以经济易得的色酮-3-甲酸1与手性仲胺2为原料，在无催化剂和室温条件下，以氯仿做溶剂发生Michael加成/脱羧/开环反应，合成了11个未见文献报道的水杨酮拼接手性烯胺类化合物3a~3k，产率72%~91%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征。进一步通过单晶确定了化合物3a和3i的结构。该方法不需要添加任何催化剂，利用色酮-3-甲酸的高亲电性和手性仲胺中氮原子的高亲核性发生Michael加成反应，生成的手性中间体不稳定发生开环反应，最终得到产物水杨酮拼接手性烯胺类化合物3，可以为天然产物的全合成提供多样性的合成子或者作为催化剂手性配体。      

有机催化的苄醇与吡唑啉酮亚胺的不对称加成反应

以金鸡纳碱衍生的双功能方酰胺为催化剂,催化苄醇与吡唑啉酮亚胺的不对称加成反应,以高达85%的收率和92% ee合成了12个结构新颖的含有吡唑啉酮骨架的N,O-缩醛类手性化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, HR-MS(ESI-TOF)及X-ray表征。     

β-硝基丙烯酸酯与芳胺化合物的Michael加成反应研究

以β-硝基丙烯酸酯为底物,在无催化剂的条件下与芳胺化合物通过Michael加成反应,高选择性地合成了19个β-硝基-α-氨基丙酸酯类化合物(3a~3s, 3i~3s为新化合物,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI）表征。并以手性BINOL磷酸为催化剂,初步探索了该反应的不对称催化,以85%收率和36%ee合成了产物3g。     

D-脯氨酸催化的(3S,4S)-4-氨基-3-羟基-5-苯基戊酸衍生物的合成

报道了一条合成(3S,4S)-4-氨基-3-羟基-5-苯基戊酸(Ahppa)衍生物的新路线。以氨基保护的L-苯丙氨酸为起始原料,依次经Weinreb胺缩合、还原、aldol缩合及溴仿4步反应合成了3个Ahppa衍生物,总收率5.8%~6.7%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和ESI-MS确证。对反应条件进行了探讨,结果表明：催化剂D-脯氨酸用量对反应收率影响不大,对立体选择性影响较大;氨基上保护基体积较大有利于提高反应立体选择性。     

2-羟基-5,6,7,8-四氢-5,8-亚甲基喹啉-3-羧酸的合成

5,6,7,8-四氢喹啉及衍生物是医药和农药的重要中间体。2-羟基-5,6,7,8-四氢-5,8-亚甲基喹啉-3-羧酸是合成HIF脯氨酰羟化酶抑制剂的重要中间体,其合成方法目前无文献报道。本文以降冰片烯为起始原料,经水合、氧化、缩合、环合和水解5步反应合成目标产物,总收率43.09%,结构经¹H NMR、 ¹³C NMR和MS确证。该路线具有原料廉价易得、操作简单、后处理方便且收率较高等优点,适合工业化生产。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.