溴代烷烃与活性氮的反应发光研究

在流动余辉装置上, 利用N₂空心阴极放电制备活性氮, 研究了活性氮与溴代烷烃(CHBr₃、CH₂Br₂、C₂H₅Br、C₄H₉Br) 反应的化学发光.上述所有反应中, 在550～750 nm波段均观察到了较强的NBr (b¹Σ+→X³Σ^-)跃迁发射谱. 同时在活性氮与CHBr₃和CH₂Br₂的反应中, 在流动管下游还观察到了CN (A²π, B²π→X²Σ⁺)的发射谱. 验证性的实验表明, 激发态NBr (b¹Σ⁺)是由二步过程形成: N(⁴S)与溴代烷烃反应生成NBr (X³Σ^-), 再通过N₂ (A ³Σ_u⁺)分子能量转移到激发态NBr (b¹Σ⁺); 而激发态的CN是通过N(⁴S) + CBr→CN(A, B) + Br过程形成的.     

不同温度下VUV光激发的Pr3+离子的发光性质

The luminescent properties of Pr³⁺-doped LaB₃O₆, SrAl₁₂O₁₉, SrB₄O₇ and NaYF₄ in the vaccum ultraviol-et (VUV) range at different temperatures were investigated under the excitation of high-energetic synchrotron radiation. For Pr³⁺ ions in LaB₃O₆, SrAl₁₂O₁₉ and SrB₄O₇, only the parity-forbidden ¹S₀→4f² transitions were observ-ed in the emission spectra at relatively low temperature; but the parity-allowed 4f5d→4f² transitions appeared simultaneously when the temperature was high enough. And the intensity of broad 4f5d→4f² emission increased relative to the intensity of ¹S₀→4f² emissions with increasing temperature. Then the thermal equilibrium model of energy levels was employed to the lowest 4f5d state and ¹S₀ state of Pr³⁺ in the three hosts. The calculated curves were in good agreement with the experimental values, indicating the occurrence of the thermal excitation from ¹S₀ state to 4f5d states at high temperatures when the lowest 4f5d state lies higher than ¹S₀ state and the photon energy is high enough.     

Ni-Co双金属催化剂上沼气重整制氢机理

用传统湿式浸渍法制备了La₂O₃掺杂的商业γ-Al₂O₃负载的沼气重整催化剂Ni-Co/La₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃, 并用程序升温加氢(TPH)、程序升温氧化(TPO)、程序升温表面反应(TPSR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)及脉冲实验对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, 沼气重整过程中Ni-Co/La₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上的表面碳物种主要来源于CH₄的裂解, CO₂的贡献很小. CH₄裂解能够产生三种活性不同的碳物种, 即C_α、C_β与C_γ. 随着反应的进行, C_α物种减小而C_β与C_γ物种增加, 且C_γ物种能够转变为惰性的石墨碳. 重整反应过程中CH₄与CO₂的活化能相互促进. 催化剂表面的O物种与C反应生成CO或与CH_x反应生成CH_xO再分解为CO与吸附态的H物种, 可能是Ni-Co/La₂O₃-γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上沼气重整的速率控制步骤.     

Tm3+/Er3+/Ho3+共掺SiO2-Bi2O3-AlF3-BaF2玻璃发光性能

采用高温熔融法制备了Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺的铋硅酸盐50SiO₂-40Bi₂O₃-5AlF₃-5BaF₂玻璃。研究了在808 nm激光器（Laser Diode）激发下Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺的铋硅酸盐在2 060 nm处的发光性能,同时测试及分析了该铋硅酸盐玻璃的差热特性、吸收光谱及荧光光谱。根据吸收光谱以及Judd-Oflet理论,计算了Ho³⁺的Judd-Oflet强度参数Ω_t（t=2,4,6）以及Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺相应的吸收截面。铋硅酸盐玻璃中,Tm₂O₃、Er₂O₃和Ho2O3掺杂浓度分别为0.75%、1.0%和0.5%时,2 060 nm处Ho³⁺∶⁵I₇→⁵I₈发射峰强度达到最大。对Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺ 3种离子的光谱性质和离子间可能存在的能量传递也做了分析。Ho³⁺在1 953 nm处的最大吸收截面σ_abs为9.08×10^-21 cm²,在2 060 nm处的最大发射截面σem为11.68×10^-21 cm²,辐射寿命τ_mea为2.75 ms,具有良好的增益效应σ_emτ（3.212×10^-20 cm^-2·ms）。     

新半金属Fe2LaO4磁电性能的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势法设计并优化了含稀土元素的新半金属Fe₂LaO₄。详细计算了其电荷分布,分子磁矩等磁电性能，并结合配位场理论分析了其电子结构。结果表明，Fe₂LaO₄是一种含稀土元素的铁磁性的新ⅡB型半金属；它的稳定相晶格常数约为0.623 nm，分子磁矩约为1.0μ_B；Fe₂LaO₄属软铁磁性半金属；La较多的外层电子增强了Fe₂LaO₄内部的库仑斥力,导致了配合物ML₄和ML₆均受强场作用,从而使Fe₂LaO₄具有软铁磁性；考虑自旋分布后ML₄和ML₆的电子结构分别为a_1g¹↑a_1g¹↓t_1u³↑t_1u³↓e_g²↑e_g²↓t_2g³↑t_2g³↓和a_1g¹↑a_1g¹↓t_1u³↑t_1u³↓t_2g³↑t_2g³↓e_g²↑e_g²↓e_g^*1↑,这些电子属于分子轨道。     

红色长余辉荧光粉Ca2Zn4Ti16O38:Pr3+的水热辅助合成及发光性质

采用水热法辅助合成了纯相Ca₂Zn₄Ti₁₆O₃₈:Pr³⁺荧光粉,初始n_Ca:n_Zn:n_Ti=2:4.1:15,煅烧条件为1 050 ℃空气气氛烧结5 h.并以X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见漫反射光谱和荧光光谱表征了样品的物相组成、微观形貌和光谱性质.合成的荧光粉在高温煅烧后仍较好地保持了球形的微观形态,优化的Pr³⁺掺杂浓度为0.015.Ca₂Zn₄Ti₁₆O₃₈:Pr³⁺荧光粉在471 nm波长激发下发射红光,发射谱通过高斯分峰拟合得到位于605、620和645 nm的3个发射峰,分别对应于Pr³⁺的¹D₂→³H₄,³P₀→³H₆和³P₀→³F₂跃迁.在471 nm波长激发下,Ca₂Zn₄Ti₁₆O₃₈:Pr³⁺的614 nm红光发射表现出超长余辉特性,表明该荧光粉是一种能被可见光有效激发的红色长余辉荧光粉.     

白光LED用Sr0.955Al2Si2-xTixO8：Eu2+荧光粉的晶体结构和光谱特性

由高温固相反应制得Sr_0.955Al₂Si_2-xTi_xO₈：Eu²⁺（x=0~1.0）系列试样,研究了Ti⁴⁺置换Si⁴⁺对其晶体结构和光谱特性的影响。Ti⁴⁺以类质同相替代Si⁴⁺进入晶体晶格中,形成了连续固溶体,其晶胞参数a,b,c,β和晶胞体积V随Ti⁴⁺置换量呈线性递增。Ti⁴⁺置换Si⁴⁺对晶胞参数c的影响显著,b其次,a最小。荧光激发谱为宽带,位于230~400nm,由267nm、305nm、350nm和375nm 4个峰拟合成,表观峰值位于351nm;随着Ti⁴⁺置换量的增加,半高宽（FWHM）从105nm减小到93nm。发射光谱位于380~600nm,表观峰值位于407nm,可由406nm和441nm两峰拟合而成并且随Ti⁴⁺置换量增加线性红移,Ti⁴⁺进入晶格对长波长发射中心影响较少;Ti⁴⁺置换量为1.0时,表观发射峰位从407nm红移至417nm;利用试样荧光光谱和VanUitert经验公式,得出SrAl₂Si₂O₈：Eu²⁺中Sr²⁺的配位数为9。随着Ti⁴⁺置换量Si⁴⁺进入基质晶格,造成Eu-O距离变小,使得Eu²⁺所处的晶体场强度增强,发光中心Eu²⁺的5d能级分裂增大,造成Eu²⁺最低发射能级重心下移,两拟合谱峰峰位均呈线性红移。     

掺镍型层状LixNiyMn1-yO2正极材料的合成与电性能研究

A kind of cathode material of layered Li_xNi_yMn_1-yO₂ characterized with the O2 type has been synthesized by a simple method. Its precursor Na_xNi_yMn_1-yO₂ has been prepared from manganese dioxide， nickel hydroxide and sodium carbonate at high temperature in air and quickly cooled in cold water， then it has been exchanged by the melted LiNO₃ at 300～400℃ in air. The effects of calcine-temperature for the precursors and its compositions (the content of Na and Ni) on the electrochemical properties of the material Li_xNi_yMn_1-yO₂ have been investingated by XRD and electrochemical tests. The results show that the sample Li_0.7Ni_0.3Mn_0.7O₂， has the best electrochemical properties which shows only one charge-discharge potential stage of 2.8～3.0V and has a high specific capacity over 180mAh·g^-1 cycled between 2.0～4.20V. A significant structure transformation to the spinal-type phase has not been found in the charge-discharge cycling and the discharge specific capacity around 165mAh·g^-1 has re-mained after the 20th cyclings for the material.     

VB2n-(n=8~12)团簇几何结构、电子及热力学特性的理论研究

基于卡里普索结构预测程序和密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,搜索确定了VB_2n^-（n=8~12）团簇的基态和亚稳态结构。结果发现,V原子的掺杂完全改变了原硼团簇的结构并提高了原体系的稳定性。掺杂体系基态结构分别呈现高对称性的鼓状（VB₁₆^-：C_2v）、管状（VB₁₈^-：C_2v和VB₂₀^-：C_s）及笼状（VB₂₂^-：C₂和VB₂₄^-：D_3h）结构。基于基态结构,研究了体系的电荷转移和极化率,拟合出了光电子能谱、红外和拉曼谱图,分析了流变键和芳香特性。最后,研究了体系的热力学特性,讨论了温度对热力学参数的影响。     

C2H4在Fe3C(100)表面吸附及脱氢裂解的密度泛函理论研究

采用自旋极化密度泛函理论和周期平板模型,对C₂H₄在铁基费托合成催化剂活性相之一Fe₃C（100）表面从热力学和动力学两个方面分析了C₂H₄在Fe₃C（100）表面进行脱氢和裂解反应的竞争性。结果表明,C₂H₄在Fe₃C（100）表面的μ-bridging吸附比π、di-σ吸附更加稳定;C₂H₄与Fe₃C（100）面的相互作用导致C₂H₄的C原子部分发生重新杂化（sp²→sp³）,使C原子呈近四面体结构。在Fe₃C（100）表面C₂H₄易于发生脱氢反应,C-C键裂解反应不具有竞争性。亚乙烯基CCH₂和乙烯基CHCH₂是Fe₃C（100）表面最丰的C₂物种,或是C₂H₄参与链增长的主要单体形式。     

Nanoimpacts at Active and Partially Active Electrodes: Insights and Limitations

While the electrochemical nanoimpact technique has recently emerged as a method of studying single entities, it is limited by requirement of a catalytically active particle impacting an inert electrode. We show that an active particle-active electrode can provide mechanistic insight into electrochemical reactions. When an individual Pt electrocatalyst adsorbs to the surface of a partially active electrode, further reduction of electrode-produced species can proceed on the nanocatalyst. Current transients obtained during hydrogen evolution allow simultaneous measurement of the Pt catalyst over different length scales, size dependency suggests H atom intercalation as a catalytic deactivation mechanism. Although results show that outer-sphere redox probes are unproductive for particle characterization, the breadth of inner-sphere electrochemical reactions makes this a promising method for understanding the properties of catalytic nanomaterials, one at a time.     

Active control of interfacial properties

Recent studies aimed at establishing principles for active control of the physicochemical properties of interfaces have made substantial progress towards demonstrating spatial and temporal control of interfacial properties of both liquids and solids. Light-active and redox-active surfactants have been shown to permit large (>20 mN/m) and reversible changes in the surface tensions of liquids on time-scales of seconds. These changes can be directed to localized regions of liquids with sub-millimeter spatial resolution, thus providing new means to create controlled gradients in surfactant-based properties of liquids (e.g. gradients in surface tension). Progress has also been reported in the electrowetting of liquids on the surfaces of solids, although it is still not possible to use an external electric field to cause an aqueous solution to wet a hydrophobic surface.     

手征性杂氮钛三环化合物的合成

杂氮钛三环(titatrane)(Ⅰ)是一类具有五配体特殊结构的杂环化合物,由于对其合成工作研究的不多,所以这类化合物的一些性质还鲜为人知。我们对杂氮钛三环的合成方法做了改进,将手性中心引入到这类化合物中,合成了下列结构图中(Ⅱ)所示的具有手性的杂氮钛三环。     

抗TB活性化合物的研究

结核病（tuberculosis,TB）是由结核分枝杆菌（mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB）引起的一种缓慢性致死疾病。虽然目前结核病在发达国家发病率较低,但在发展中国家仍然是高发的重大传染性疾病。基于此种状况,寻找新的活性化合物或对现有药物分子进行改进,成为当下开发抗TB新药的热点。目前,在研的化合物包括喹啉类、喹诺酮类、咪唑类、苯并噻嗪酮类、唑烷酮类以及天然产物等,其中喹啉类化合物依然是重要研究对象。这些化合物大多数具有低微摩尔的体外抗结核活性,最有可能对体内药物敏感菌株或耐药菌株有效。本文详细介绍了2014~2017年间抗结核化合物的研究现状,就其化学结构特点、抗结核活性、构效关系和安全性等方面进行综述,并展望了该领域今后的发展方向。     

手征性杂氮硅三环的合成

杂氮硅三环(Ⅰ)(Silatranes)是一类具有五配位键的环状有机硅醚类化合物。与通常的有机硅化合物不同,由于其分子内存在着氮硅原子间配位键而使这类化合物具有很高的生活理性,如毒性、抗癌活性、对动植物的刺激生长活性等,从而引起人们的广泛注意与研究^[1-3]。     

Syntheses of Optically Active Polyacrylates

ABSTRACT

Different secondary alcohols were resolved by lipase catalyzed transesterification using 2,3-butanedione monoxime acrylate as acrylating agent. The results showed that the reaction rates were the fastest among reactions reported until now. The effect of solvent on the transesterification rate was studied. The enantiomeric excess (ee) and enantiomeric purity (E value) of all the acrylate monomers were determined. The synthesized optically active acrylate monomers were polymerized by free radical polymerization technique.     

旋光性高分子的合成（下）

旋光性高分子的合成（下）刘引烽，华家栋（上海科技大学化学系，上海，２０１８００）４不对称聚合由外消旋手性单体制备旋光性高分子必须通过选择性聚合才能实现。选择性聚合是指外消旋的两个对映异构单体进行聚合时，由于体系中存在着某种不对称的诱导因素，其中之一比...     

Thermochemistry of Biologically Active Glasses

Mutual relation between thermal activity and biochemical activity of the phospho-silicate glasses which are used as controlled rate release fertilisers and bioglasses for medical applications, has been observed. Analysis of the local atomic interactions in the structure of glass is used to explain this relation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Light-Driven Active Ion Transport

Solar energy can be harvested by biological systems to regulate the directional transport of protons and ions across cells and organelles. Structural and functional bio-mimic photo-active ion nanofluidic conductors, usually in the forms of ion channels and ion pumps, have been increasingly applied to realize active ion transport. However, progress in attaining effective light-driven active transport of ions (protons) has been constrained by the inherent limitations of membrane materials and their chemical and topological structures. Recent advances in the construction of photo-responsive physical ion pump in all-solid-state membranes could potentially lead to new classes of membrane-based materials for active ion transport. In this concept, the development of the state-of-the-art technologies for manufacturing artificial light-driven active ion transport systems are presented and discussed, which mainly involves the utilization of solar energy to realize two types of active ion transport, chemically and physically active ion transport. Afterward, we summarize the key factors towards culminating highly effective and selective membranes for active ion transport. To conclude, we highlight the promising application perspectives of this light-driven active ion transport technique in the field of energy conversion, bio-interfaces and water treatment.