课程思政下化学教学论逆向教学设计*——以“说课”为例

阐述了化学教学论课程思政开展思路和逆向教学设计的基本阶段、价值意蕴。逆向教学设计以预期目标为起点,是助力课程思政进展的有效举措。以“说课”为例,探索了课程思政理念下逆向教学设计“设定预期成果—确定评估证据—计划教学指导方案”三阶段规划,并进行了教学过程设计和教学反思。逆向教学设计中教学内容甄选、教学活动设置、教学评价等都指向教学目标,有利于课程育人功能的发挥。     

基于微课的“化工专业英语”多元化有效教学研究与实践*

遵循首要教学原理设计和实施化工专业英语课程多元化教学,采用逆向教学设计本课程教学过程,设计制作本课程微课进行翻转课堂教学,借助于超星“学习通”平台教学功能加强教学互动和教学评价,基本达成了学生学习效果好、效率高和参与度高的“3E”有效教学。     

高中化学教材中“科学视野”栏目使用现状的调查与思考

通过当前中学化学教师对人教版化学必修教材"科学视野"栏目使用现状的调查,探究了产生这种现状的根源,并对教学中存在的对"科学视野"栏目功能认识和理解上的局限性进行了深入分析,有利于进一步探究"科学视野"栏目的课程资源价值和有效利用策略,发挥其对培养学生科学素养和人文素养的积极作用。     

“互联网+”背景下“无机及分析化学”课程教学策略与实践*

提出了“互联网+”背景下,“无机及分析化学”课程教学“一核心、二目标、三探索、四构建”的教学策略。实施结果表明,基于学生发展的课程核心知识,以“具有解决复杂制药工程、化工工程、材料工程的化学基础知识”“为学习后续课程打下坚实基础”2个具体教学目标为导向,通过开展综合实践活动、案例教学、课程思政等3种教学改革探索,构建线上线下有机衔接的立方书、立体化线上教学资源、线上线下混合型教学模式及过程和结果相融合的SPOC教学模式下的课程评价体系4种教学举措,能有效提高课程教学质量。     

“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学模式探索与实践

结合普通化学课程特点及教学实践,深入分析了传统“教师中心”课程教学中普遍存在的问题,阐述了进行“以学生为中心”课程教学改革的必要性。从教学理念、教学内容、教学过程及考核评价等4方面构建了“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学体系。提出了通过简约化、项目化、生活化及开放性原则优选整合教学内容,优化了“四环节六步骤”教学过程,完善了多元多维互动教学评价办法。     

核心素养背景下化学教材中人文意蕴的分析与启示*——以美国教科书《化学:概念与应用》为例

针对当代核心素养背景下学科核心素养中人文向度的部分缺失,以美国主流理科教科书《化学:概念与应用》作为研究对象,选取了4则人文意蕴特征明显、内涵丰富的“跨学科”栏目典型案例,通过对其人文意蕴向度的结构性与教学价值分析,获得学科人文智性及其教育的启示:以科学与人文的对话推动2个世界的沟通;以科学的革命性突跃弘扬科学精神的人文光辉;倡导自然与艺术和谐统一的人文审美意向;肩负社会责任与维护和平正义的进步人文思想。 为学科教学中人文教学资源的研究开发提供认识导向;为完善当前学科核心素养内容提供参考;并从选材理念、教学准备、课程教学、目标达成4个方面为该类资源的教学应用提供策略建议。     

“有机化学”开放式精品示范课程建设与实践

以中南大学化学类专业本科生的重要基础课程“有机化学”为例,探讨开放式精品示范课程改革。为适应现今信息化的高速发展和大学生特点,从创新课程教学着眼点、创新课程教学方法、课程教学效果等方面,阐述了开放式精品示范课程建设与实践的思路。基于网络的自主学习、课堂的互动交流、实验实践的拓展提升、科学合理的多元化课程考核,有效地提高了学生的学习兴趣与积极性,得到了良好的教学效果。     

基于OBE理念的“化学教学设计与实施”课程建设与教学实践*

介绍了化学教师教育核心课程“化学教学设计与实施”课程建设和教学实践过程。该过程基于OBE理念,以培养中学化学骨干教师的成果为导向,确立课程目标,并围绕“素养为本”的化学教学设计过程模型建构课程、组织课程内容、设计课程教法、运用多元课程评价方式一体化进行课程整体变革设计,精准指向师范生未来职业发展必备素养。研究表明,成功实现了教学改革和教学相长,实现了全国同行认可的辐射效果。同时针对课程不足,提出了进一步改进方向和措施,并对未来做出了展望。     

2009—2018年《化学教育》“问题讨论与思考”栏目分析与研究

以 2009—2018 年《化学教育》期刊“问题讨论与思考”栏目的载文为研究对象,采用系统查阅年度总目录与阅读原始文献相结合的方法,从载文的数量、内容、作者、引文等 4 个方面进行统计分析。发现近 10 年《化学教育》“问题讨论与思考”栏目的年均载文量为33篇;研究内容涉及化学知识讨论、教学讨论、实验探究、教材讨论、习题讨论等;载文作者所属地区、机构分布不均衡;研究方法以思辨和化学实验为主;作者之间的合作研究成为一种趋势;引文数量呈现逐渐增多的趋势。     

“四模块”嵌入下的混合式教学设计与实践*——以功能材料专业物理化学基础课程为例

为建设适应新时代要求,突出高阶性、创新性、挑战度的一流本科课程,实现价值引领、能力培养和知识传授的教育教学目标,结合功能材料专业的特点和民族高等院校学生的学情,构建了物理化学基础课程的“四模块、三阶段、两时空、双平台”的混合式教学新模式,重塑了“价值引领模块、基础理论模块、多学科融合模块和虚拟仿真实验模块”的“四模块”内容体系。通过“四模块”嵌入下的混合式教学实践研究,结合学生的课前、课中、课后等学习成绩,多维度评价学习效果,并藉由调查问卷来分析学生对混合式教学的评价,最终研究结果表明学生的个性化自主学习能力有了显著提高、学生运用物理化学理论解决复杂问题的综合能力得到了提升,学生经过刻苦学习获得了素质提高的成就感。     

"Alpha"-, "beta"- and "delta"-anhydrodigitoxigenin

The syntheses of 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-14, 20:22-dienolide (= «β»-anhydro-), 3β-hydroxy-5β-carda-8:14, 20:22-dienolide (= «α»-anhydro-) and «δ»-anhydro-digitoxigenin (= probably 3β-hydroxy-5β, 14β-carda-8, 20:22-dienolide) by the best ways known to date, have been described. «δ»-Anhydro-digitoxigenin represents the thermodynamically most stable isomer. In this isomer the double bond in position 8 is unaffected by hydrogenation with Pt in acetic acid; with perbenzoic acid an epoxide results from which, on hydrogenation, the double bond can be regenerated in its original position. Analogous reactions are known to occur in the 8:14-epoxides.     

Making "wheels" and "cubes" from triangles

[Mn(IV)Mn(II)3] triangular units directed by the presence of tripodal alcohols self-assemble in the presence of azide and acetate ligands to form either a [Mn24] "wheel" or a [Mn32] "cube".     

营养化学课程翻转课堂的探索与实践

With its tailored learning content, flexible learning environment and directed teacher guidance, the flipped classroom in "nutrition chemistry" has effectively solved the problems of students' specialty, large number and limited time in the course of elective course. The teaching mode based on the cultivation of students' ability and the core of improving scientific literacy was constructed.     

Algorithm for coding DNA sequences into "spectrum-like" and "zigzag" representations

An algorithm for encoding long strings of building blocks, like 4 DNA bases (adenine-A, cytosine-C, thymine-T, and guanidine-G), 20 natural amino acids (from Alanine Ala to Valine-Val, plus the stop triplet), or all 64 possible base triplets (from AAA to TTT), into "zigzag" or "spectrum-like" representations is suggested. The new encoding scheme can be derived in the 3-, 2-, or 1-dimensional form depending on the user's wishes. The only information, besides the string for which the "spectrum-like" representation is sought, is the initial positioning of the complete set of units from which the string is composed, i.e., four positions for A, C, G, and T, or 20 positions for natural amino acids plus stop, etc. This initial positioning can be initialized in either the 3-, 2-, or 1-D form. As an illustration of the suggested encoding scheme of the visual and chemometric comparison of the first 10 exon strings of the beta globin gene of 10 different species, each string consisting of about 100 basic amino acids long is shown.     

Fabrication of "roll-off" and "sticky" superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces via plasma processing

Most of the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces that have been fabricated to date are not biodegradable, renewable, or mechanically flexible and are often expensive, which limits their potential applications. In contrast, cellulose, a biodegradable, renewable, flexible, inexpensive, biopolymer which is abundantly present in nature, satisfies all the above requirements, but it is not superhydrophobic. Superhydrophobicity on cellulose paper was obtained by domain-selective etching of amorphous portions of the cellulose in an oxygen plasma and subsequently coating the etched surface with a thin fluorocarbon film deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using pentafluoroethane as a precursor. Variation of plasma treatment yielded two types of superhydrophobicity : "roll-off" (contact angle (CA), 166.7 degrees +/- 0.9 degrees ; CA hysteresis, 3.4 degrees +/- 0.1 degrees ) and "sticky" (CA, 144.8 degrees +/- 5.7 degrees ; CA hysteresis, 79.1 degrees +/- 15.8 degrees ) near superhydrophobicity. The nanometer scale roughness obtained by delineating the internal roughness of each fiber and the micrometer scale roughness which is inherent to a cellulose paper surface are robust when compared to roughened structures created by traditional polymer grafting, nanoparticle deposition, or other artificial means.     

Switching "on" and "off" the expression of chirality in peptide rotaxanes

The hydrogen-bond-directed synthesis, X-ray crystal structures, and optical properties of the first chiral peptide rotaxanes are reported. Collectively these systems provide the first examples of single molecular species where the expression of chirality in the form of a circular dichroism (CD) response can selectively be switched "on" or "off", and its magnitude altered, through controlling the interactions between mechanically interlocked submolecular components. The switching is achievable both thermally and through changes in the nature of the environment. Peptido[2]rotaxanes consisting of an intrinsically achiral benzylic amide macrocycle locked onto various chiral dipeptide (Gly-L-Ala, Gly-L-Leu, Gly-L-Met, Gly-L-Phe, and Gly-L-Pro) threads exhibit strong (10-20k deg cm(2) dmol(-1)) negative induced CD (theta;) values in nonpolar solvents (e.g. CHCl(3)), where the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between thread and macrocycle is maximized. In polar solvents (e.g., MeOH), where the intercomponent hydrogen bonding is weakened, or switched off completely, the elliptical polarization falls close to zero in some cases and can even be switched to large positive values in others. Importantly, the mechanism of generating the switchable CD response in the chiral peptide rotaxanes is also determined: a combination of semiempirical calculations and geometrical modeling using the continuous chirality measure (CCM) shows that the chirality is transmitted from the amino acid asymmetric center on the thread via the macrocycle to the C-terminal stopper of the rotaxane. This understanding could have important implications for other areas where chiral transmission from one chemical entity to another underpins a physical or chemical response, such as the seeding of supertwisted nematic liquid crystalline phases or asymmetric synthesis.