基于化学史发展学生学科核心素养的教学——以“胶体”为例

以发展学生化学学科核心素养为主旨,分析了胶体教学内容的价值,通过创设一系列化学史情境,引导学生从化学史情境中提出问题,再以问题引领学习活动,使学生沿着科学家的研究历程展开实验探究,自主实验获取证据,基于实验证据进行推理,在主动建构胶体本质特性和性质的同时促进化学核心素养的发展。     

原始化学问题的内涵与价值

在化学教育中落实化学学科核心素养,是我国当前化学教育教学改革的现实问题。与传统习题不同的是,原始化学问题关注学生在解决“复杂的、不确定的现实问题”时的综合品质,是一种能够考查学生高水平化学学科核心素养的新型问题。对原始化学问题的内涵进行深入解读,厘清原始化学问题与化学习题的关系,发掘原始化学问题的教育价值,有助于落实化学学科核心素养,促进学生系统思维的发展,引导化学教育评价理念的变革。     

《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》解读——核心素养、课程目标和学业质量标准的研制

结合化学课程的历史和现实需求,从多角度阐述了化学课程的全面育人价值,分析了《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》中核心素养凝练的思路;提出了核心素养各要素的内涵和外延,梳理了初、高中学段2个核心素养体系之间的关系;探讨了基于核心素养的化学课程目标及化学学业质量标准体系建构的特点及应用。     

真实情境与化学学科核心素养的发展——基于《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》的解读

《普通高中化学课程标准（2017年版）》构建了化学学科核心素养的内容体系及其发展水平框架,重视开展“素养为本”的教学,重视真实情境的创设。在分析教学情境的内涵与功能的基础上,解读了新课标中课程内容、实施建议和命题原则中对真实情境创设与应用的要求,讨论了真实情境在发展学生化学学科核心素养中的教育价值。通过对具体教学案例的分析,探讨了基于学生化学学科核心素养发展的教学情境设计的策略。     

学科核心素养视域下高中化学教材的新变化及教学启示*——以“化学与可持续发展”为例

基于学科核心素养视角对新、旧人教版教材的“化学与可持续发展”主题进行比较分析,厘清教材内容的变化并充分挖掘教材修订对学生学科核心素养的培育价值,抽提素养发展功能,分析教学价值取向,为有效开展新课标理念下的化学教学提供参考。     

课程思政视角下化学思维型课堂的建构*——以“乙醇”的教学为例

通过以真实问题为情境,以化学知识结构化与化学核心观念为基础,以问题的探究为路径,以乙醇教学为例,建构了课程思政视角下的化学思维型课堂即“两思课堂”的基本教学模型,探索了“两思课堂”的评价方法与内容。通过分析学生表现可知两思课堂能同步实现核心价值培育与化学学科核心素养培养,有效实现化学学科的育人价值。     

以核心概念为统领设计化学教学

以核心概念为统领设计教学,是把居于学科中心、具有迁移价值的核心概念作为学生需要持久理解的教学目标,通过核心概念统整有关事实和概念,使得学生能够在更高的认知层面上理解某些概念,为他们的终身发展提供支持。阐述了核心概念的特性与价值,并探讨了如何以核心概念为统领设计化学教学。     

借助专题复习 落实化学学科核心素养——以“金属和金属材料”为例

以“金属和金属材料”为例，通过对课标、教学内容和学情的分析，确定了基于化学学科核心素养的教学目标。通过真假黄金鉴别方案的创新设计和不同金属活动性顺序的探究，落实科学探究和创新意识的化学学科核心素养，学会基于证据的推理并建构探究不同金属活动性顺序的模型，培养学生运用化学知识解决问题的能力。通过课堂内容的梳理，拓展深化学生已有认知，树立责任意识。     

“中和滴定”知识的产生与发展及其教学价值

“中和滴定”知识有其自身的产生和发展顺序,结合滴定分析法的产生和发展、指示剂的发现、滴定管的发明及改进等史实,能够引导学生认识知识的建构过程,也有助于培养学生的科学态度和创新意识,发展学生的化学学科核心素养。     

“素养为本”的化学课堂教学*——以“原子晶体”为例

基于“素养为本”视角,以“原子晶体”的教学为例,对教学主题内容、教学现状及学情进行分析;以发展学生化学学科核心素养为主旨确定教学目标;以“微粒-微粒间的相互作用-物质的聚集状态-物质性质”的认识思路为主线,以“模型认知,建构概念-证据推理,归纳性质-微观探析,探究结构-科学史实,揭示价值”的任务型教学流程,达到落实并发展学生化学学科核心素养的目的。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.