基于智能手机现场快速检测技术研究进展

作为一种便携式的功能性移动电子设备,智能手机的广泛应用为便携式检测提供了发展平台,并在临床诊断、食品安全分析和环境监测等领域表现出巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了2018～2022年,基于智能手机与比色法、荧光法、化学发光法、电化学分析、免疫分析及微流控分析等技术联用的即时检测应用研究进展,并对其发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

基于智能手机的即时检测

新冠肺炎疫情的爆发使人们对即时检测(POCT)的需求不断增加,而智能手机作为目前人类最离不开的工具,在POCT中具有巨大的应用潜力。基于智能手机的POCT有以下独特的优点:(1)操作简单,不需要专业培训;(2)无需长时间等待,可以及时获得测试结果;(3)制作成本低,有利于在资源有限地区使用。因此,基于智能手机的POCT正迅速成为传统实验室检测的潜在替代方法。在这里,我们以POCT所检测的对象(体液、挥发性有机化合物、生命体征)为分类的基础,并结合目前主流的传感策略,包括比色技术、荧光技术、电化学技术、压电传感、热电传感、超声传感、光电传感等,对近三年基于智能手机的传感器在POCT中的应用进行了全面的回顾。我们评估了这些传感器的性能以及发展潜力,此外,还介绍了POCT中使用的新兴技术,如纳米技术、柔性电子器件、微流体技术、生物可降解技术、自供能技术、多路检测等。最后,总结了目前基于智能手机的POCT面临的问题,并对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

利用智能手机快速测定水环境中的六价铬含量

利用智能手机和小木盒构建的数字图像比色法(DIC)完成了水中六价铬浓度的快速检测。利用智能手机能够同时对显色溶液进行照明、图像采集和数据处理,可以快速定量检测六价铬。在六价铬0.05～0.80mg/L浓度内有良好的线性范围,线性方程为y=127.939x+73.181,相关系数为0.994;考察了方法的重现性,对2种质量浓度样品进行检测,其相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5%～5.5%,测定结果和分光光度法对水样进行测定的结果基本一致,证明了方法的可靠性及准确性。     

基于智能手机的可视化生物传感器在即时检测中的研究进展

人体生理指标是衡量健康与否的重要标准。传统的检测方法通常要求单独的实验室、复杂的操作流程且耗费较长的检测时间,难以满足快速诊断和居家健康监测的需求,因此亟需开发便携、快速和精准的现场检测技术。即时检测（Point-of-care testing, POCT）区别于传统实验室检测的主要特征是不需要实验室繁杂的分析过程即可实现生物分子的快速原位检测。智能手机作为日常生活广泛使用的通讯工具,具有独立的操作系统,内置存储功能,还配备高清摄像头,在POCT可视化检测方面有巨大的应用潜力。将各种生物传感技术与智能手机相结合已经发展成为POCT领域的一个新方向。本文对近年来基于智能手机的可视化生物传感器在POCT中的研究进展进行了评述,包括比色传感器、荧光传感器、化学发光传感器和电化学发光传感器等,总结了目前基于智能手机可视化生物传感器在POCT应用中面临的问题,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

利用智能手机和应用程序确定颜色主波长的pH比色法定量

利用比色法对不同pH溶液的显色产物的进行分析时,由于显色产物的色调发生变化,因此通过直接分析显色产物数字图像的RGB值无法实现pH精确测定。现有的基于颜色其它指标的pH确定方法,存在计算复杂和工作曲线非线性的问题。本文提出利用智能手机和应用程序(APP)分析显色产物数字图像的主波长进行pH的确定新方法。研究发现,pH与显色产物颜色主波长呈现良好的线性关系,并据此编写智能手机应用程序,通过调用手机摄像头采集显色产物的图片,并自动对采集到的图片进行分析得出溶液pH。当pH范围在4.0~7.0和7.5~10.0时,分别与其显色产物颜色的主波长有良好的线性关系。     

基于智能手机摄影的接触角测量实验

建立了一种基于智能手机摄影测量接触角的简便方法，使用附加近摄镜的智能手机对固体表面的液滴进行拍摄，对图片进行测量和计算即可测得其接触角。该方法简单廉价，较为准确，可用于研究表面活性剂对接触角的影响，亲水和疏水表面对接触角的影响等。使用该方法可以在物理化学实验、精细化工实验等课程中引入接触角相关实验，增进学生对接触角概念的理解。     

基于智能手机的自制浊度仪及其应用

基于透射比浊法原理,设计了基于学生经验、易于学生自制的简易浊度仪。利用智能手机内置的光强传感器获得入射光、透射光数据,结合用标准溶液绘制的标准曲线,可定量测得样品的浊度。自制浊度仪可应用于多种探究实验和科学实践活动,不仅是一个实用的实验工具,更是学生深度学习的过程。     

数码成像比色法探究反应物浓度对化学反应速率的影响

利用数码成像比色法探究反应物浓度对化学反应速率的影响,采用紫红色溶液互补光"绿"通道的亮度值-时间的曲线变化表征反应物浓度与化学反应速率的关系。同时也利用分光光度计研究反应物浓度与反应速率的关系,测出透光率-时间的曲线变化。从实验结果比较分析,用数码成像比色法探究反应物浓度对化学反应速率的影响是非常简便可行的方法,同时让学生使用随身所带的电子产品开展实验研究,不仅使实验教学具有趣味性和科学性,而且能更好地培养学生的创新潜质。     

基于智能手机数字比色法的有机磷农残快速检测技术研究

提出了基于智能手机实现有机磷农残的快速定量检测方法,分析了智能手机的性能对检测结果的影响;并利用LED面光源解决了因照明条件的变化所引起的采集图片颜色不均匀的问题,提高了检测的准确度。实验将LED面光源垂直放置于样品上方,智能手机置于样品正前方对有机磷农药样品进行图片采集,检测结果与紫外可见分光光度计所测结果一致,二者具有良好的线性相关度。     

数字比色分析法在大学本科化学实验中的应用*——铁-磺基水杨酸配合物稳定常数的测定

数字比色法是近年来发展起来的一种检测方法。“铁-磺基水杨酸配合物稳定常数的测定”是大学无机化学中的经典本科学生实验。将数字比色法应用于该学生实验并与常规的分光光度法分析结果进行了对比。首先,探究了数字比色法的数据采集,即照片拍摄条件的因素控制。其次,通过数据比较分析了数字比色法的应用特点。结果显示,数字比色法的灵敏度介于目视比色法与分光光度法之间。该方法对较小的颜色差异分辨能力不足而对比较明显的颜色变化区分能力较好。在本科实验教学中,将该方法应用于颜色变化梯度明显的化学反应体系可获得较好的分析结果。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.