化学动力学的发展与百年诺贝尔化学奖

探讨了化学动力学三大发展阶段 (宏观反应动力学阶段、元反应动力学阶段和微观反应动力学阶段)中诺贝尔化学奖的 13次颁发对其发展的影响。     

谈谈气相分子反应动力学

(一)分子反应动力学是当代化学与物理领域中的一门交叉学科。它从分子的微观层次出发研究基元反应过程的速率和机理,着重于从分子的内部运动和分子因碰撞而引起的相互作用来观察化学基元过程的动态学行为。所以分子反应动力学又可称为微观反应动力学。微观反应动力学是宏观反应动力学的基础。因为只有从     

化学动力学发展的前沿与展望

化学动力学作为物理化学学科的一个分支已有很久的历史,并概括为研究化学反应的机理与速率的科学。化学动力学的发展经历了从现象的观察到理论的分析,从宏观的测量到微观的探索,因而它又分为宏观化学动力学和微观反应动力学,后者又称分子反应动力学。1928年M. Polanyi研究Na_2+Cl_2反应的机理,相继建立了多维势能面来研究反应的进程,被誉为微观反应动力学诞生的里程碑。七十年代以来,分子束和激光技术的发展并在动力学研究中广泛应用,促使反应动力学的研究得到长足进步。1986年诺贝尔化等奖授予这个领域的三位著名化学家D. R. Herschbach,Y. T. Lee和J. C. Polanyi,标志着化学反应动力学的重要性,以及目前已经取得的进展和达到的水平。     

分子反应动态学讲座——第一讲 化学动力学进入微观层次

分子反应动态学是近二十年来化学动力学产生的一个分支学科,随着它的发展,物理化学、化学动力学教材的内容将面临着更新。本讲座拟较系统地介绍分子反应动态学的主要实验、理论方法、重要结果及应用前景。全讲座共设四讲:第一讲、化学动力学进入微观层次;第二讲、态-态反应的动态特征;第三讲、关于反应机理;第四讲、从微观到宏观。从本期起,将分三期连载(第三、四两讲合并在一期刊出)。     

燃烧反应动力学研究进展

化学反应动力学是燃烧过程分析的重要工具。燃烧微观反应过程、复杂反应机理、燃烧实验测量和湍流燃烧数值模拟等方面的研究工作已经取得了长足进步。本文主要介绍燃烧反应动力学研究方法,包括电子结构方法、燃烧反应热力学和速率常数的计算方法、燃烧详细机理构建和简化、反应力场分子模拟以及燃烧中间体测量、燃料点火延迟和光谱诊断等方面的研究现状。燃烧反应动力学具有很强的应用背景,燃烧过程化学物种的反应速率计算是湍流燃烧数值模拟的一个中心任务。由于燃烧反应网络的高度复杂性,我们对燃烧机理的认识还远不清楚。化学反应和湍流相互作用研究的深入、燃烧反应动力学和计算流体力学的协同发展,将对新燃料设计、燃烧数值模拟、发动机内流道流场结构的准确描述产生深远影响。     

以“进程分离”为特征的新型催化串联反应

基于合成化学领域的最新研究成果,凝练出一类以“催化进程分离”为特征的新型催化串联反应。该类反应中各步反应从时间进程上先后分别发生,各自独立进行、互不影响,具有与《物理化学》教科书中传统催化串联反应明显不同的动力学特征。本文以一典型反应为例,介绍该类反应的基本特征及其在合成化学领域的重要性,并基于文献中量子化学计算结果合理解释了“进程分离”的微观本质,给出了理解该类动力学特征的一般理论模型。     

抚顺油页岩干酪根热解反应性分子动力学-量子力学模拟

采用MS（Materials Studio 2017）软件中Forcite模块,对自主构建的抚顺油页岩干酪根二维结构模型进行能量最小化分子动力学模拟,通过能量最优化过程得到干酪根初始优化结构。在此基础上进行分子动力学退火模拟,获得全局能量最优化构型,即油页岩干酪根分子三维结构模型。基于密度泛函理论的量子力学模拟方法,计算分析干酪根三维结构模型的动力学、键能、键级、电荷密度等参数,分析化学活性位点,探讨了干酪根热解微观化学演化机理,进而预测了反应性。     

烯丙基正离子旋转异构反应的计算化学实验设计

设计了一个面向高年级本科生或低年级研究生的计算化学探索实验，即利用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算烯丙基正离子的旋转异构反应。该实验设计了反应物结构优化、过渡态寻找、内禀反应坐标建立等过程，可以较为全面地帮助学生了解计算化学的基本概念与操作，加深对分子微观结构的感知以及对过渡态理论中“旧键即将断裂，新键即将形成”概念的理解。本实验通过旋转异构反应的势能面的构建，也可以帮助学生认识反应热力学和动力学的差别。通过进一步的电荷布居分析以及前线轨道分析，可以帮助学生直观地学习并理解分子的电子结构以及反应活性位点概念。     

砷/氢/氧体系中均相反应机理的研究

采用量子化学的方法,利用量子化学软件Gaussian09和GaussView,在B3LYP/6-311G(3df, 3pd)理论水平下,对砷/氢/氧体系燃烧反应的微观机理进行研究。优化了13个基元反应的反应物、中间体、过渡态以及产物的构型,并通过振动频率和内禀反应坐标验证反应真实性。采用KiSThelP软件包基于传统过渡态理论拟合计算出动力学参数。本研究对砷燃烧体系中部分重要基元反应进行研究,便于后续建立砷的燃烧动力学模型。     

《分子科学学报》征稿启事

《分子科学学报》是中国化学会主办、东北师范大学化学学院编辑出版的学术期刊。创刊于1983年,并在国内外公开发行。主要刊登无机化学、有机化学、分析化学、物理化学、量子化学、结构化学、微观反应动力学、化学统计力学、非平衡态统计物理、高分子化学、分子生物学等有关分子     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.