固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法同时测定天然饮用水中39种有机污染物

提出了固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定天然饮用水中39种有机污染物含量的方法。为使固相微萃取达到更高的效率,选用60μm PDMS/DVB作为固相萃取头的涂层,萃取温度及时间为90℃和30min,解析温度及时间为270℃和10min。用J&W DB-35 MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源选择离子监测模式检测。39种有机污染物的质量浓度均在0.10～50.0μg.L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.002～2μg.L-1之间。方法的回收率在82.0%～110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.0%～13%之间。     

离子液体键合固相微萃取涂层用于水样中五氯酚的测定

合成了1-甲基-3-三乙氧基硅基丙基咪唑二(三氟甲基磺酸酰)亚胺盐([TPMIM][NTf2])离子液体, 其热稳定性可达480 ℃, 并用其通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种含键合离子液体的固相微萃取(SPME)涂层. 该涂层的使用温度可达340 ℃. 优化了萃取温度、萃取时间、溶液的pH、盐效应、解析温度以及解析时间. 在最优条件下, 采用顶空固相微萃取结合GC/FID的方法测定水样中五氯酚(PCP)的检出限为1 ng/L, 线性范围为10-3~102 μg/L, 线性相关系数为0.9994, 相对标准偏差(RSD, n=5)为3.5%, 加标回收率为84.5%.     

固相微萃取-气相色谱联用测定饮料中残留的10种可挥发性卤代烃

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)与气相色谱(GC)联用测定饮料中残留的可挥发性卤代烃(VHH)的检测方法.探讨了影响SPME萃取效果的纤维涂层、离子强度、萃取时间等因素,并对饮料样品的预处理进行了研究.方法的检出限0.3μg/L,线性范围3～90μg/L,回收率在79.5%～104.3%之间,RSD在1.3%～12%之间.     

顶空固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定液态化妆品中8种增塑剂

建立了顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)/气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)同时测定液态化妆品中8种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂(PAEs)的分析方法,并对萃取涂层、萃取温度、搅拌速率、盐浓度等参数进行了优化。最终采用65μm聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯(PDMS/DVB)固相微萃取纤维头,调节待萃取液盐浓度为360 g.L-1,在搅拌速率600 r/min及萃取温度90℃条件下萃取60 min,在250℃进样口解吸4 min后供GC-MS分析。结果表明,该方法对除邻苯二甲酸二苯酯(DPhP)外的7种目标化合物的线性范围为10～2 000μg.kg-1,检出限为0.7～13.6μg.kg-1,回收率为83%～97%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～10.0%;由于DPhP在萃取涂层上的保留较弱,其回收率为70%,检出限为75μg.kg-1,RSD为13.9%。该方法能很好地富集基体中的目标化合物,满足液态化妆品中多种PAEs的分析要求。     

γ-Al2O3固相微萃取涂层的制备及其在水体和气态基质中的应用

采用物理涂渍的方法制备了γ Al2 O3 固相微萃取涂层。通过γ Al2 O3 固相微萃取 (SPME) 气相色谱 (GC)联用技术 ,对水中痕量苯系物苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯异构体 (BTEXs)进行萃取分析 ,结果表明该涂层具有热稳定性强 (最高使用温度可达 35 0℃ )、灵敏度高 (检测限为 1～ 10 μg/L)以及制备重复性好 (相对标准偏差为 8 3% )的特点 ;同时该涂层对气态基质中的污染物亦可进行萃取分析。     

羧基化单壁碳纳米管涂层同时测定纯净水中的烷基酚和双酚A

用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了羧基化碳纳米管溶胶凝胶固相微萃取涂层,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定纯净水中的烷基酚和双酚A.优化了萃取涂层的萃取时间、萃取温度、盐浓度以及解析时间等实验参数.结果表明,在萃取温度为90℃和盐浓度为0.36 g/mL的条件下萃取30 min,250℃下解析3 min,涂层的萃取效果最好.与商用...     

新型活性炭纤维固相微萃取衍生化与GC-MS联用测定牛奶中的碘

优化了影响新型活性炭纤维衍生化固相微萃取(ACF-SPME)效率的萃取时间、萃取温度、解析时间、解析温度以及离子强度等主要条件。碘的检出限为0.1μg/L,线性范围为1~500μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD%)为6.9%。方法用于牛奶样品分析,样品的加标回收率为86%。活性炭纤维与商用纤维相比,具有吸附量大,成本低,使用寿命长和耐高温等优点,是一种有发展前景的固相微萃取纤维。     

离子液体和苯基双功能基键合固相微萃取涂层用于水样中多环芳烃的测定

以含离子液体基团的三烷氧基硅烷和二苯基二甲氧基硅烷为前体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种含键合离子液体和苯基双功能基的SPME涂层,该涂层的使用温度可达340℃。优化了萃取温度和时间、盐效应以及解析温度和时间,确定NaCl为4 g、80℃平衡50 min、300℃解吸5 min为最优条件,并在该条件下采用顶空固相微萃取结合GC/FID的方法测定水样中5种多环芳烃的检出限为0.002～0.083μg/L,其线性相关系数的平方均大于0.9973。东湖水样中5种痕量的PAHs的回收率介于71.4%～107.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.5%～5.3%。     

聚醚砜酮涂层纤维顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法分析水中痕量的酚类化合物

应用自制的聚醚砜酮(PPESK,30 μm)涂层纤维,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量的酚类化合物。优化了固相微萃取温度、萃取时间、pH值和离子强度。方法的检出限为0.003～0.041 μg/L,相对标准偏差低于16%(n=5)。将PPESK涂层纤维与商品化的聚丙烯酸酯涂层纤维对比,结果表明PPESK萃取酚类化合物有较高的萃取富集倍数。用所制备的PPESK萃取头分析自来水、海水等实际水样,20 μg/L添加水平下的回收率分别为100.5%～111.8%和94.8%～117.3%。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法联用测定水体中痕量多环麝香类化合物

采用固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱法联用测定了水体中痕量多环麝香类化合物。对固相微萃取条件和解析条件进行了优化,确定了微萃取条件为:选用65μmPDMS-DVB萃取头、顶空萃取模式(HS),在800 r/min,60℃条件下,萃取45 min;萃取过程中保持pH 7并且不加入NaCl;解析条件为:解析时间为3 min,插入GC深度为4 cm,进样口温度为250℃。方法的检测限为0.29～0.37 ng/L,线性范围5～1000ng/L,相对标准偏差1.5%～2.2%。对实际污水厂不同类型的水样使用优化后的实验条件进行了验证试验,目标化合物的回收率在82.5%～92.8%之间,表明优化后的试验条件适用于实际水体中痕量多环麝香类化合物的分析测定。     

Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection analysis of trace organochlorine pesticides in water using novel benzo-15-crown-5 sol-gel coating

A novel dihydroxy-terminated benzo-15-crown-5 is synthesized and applied to prepare the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating with sol-gel technology. Headspace SPME, as a simple, solvent-free method, is applied to the analysis of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) present at trace levels in a water sample. A homemade crown ether fiber coated with 80- micro m thickness was used for extraction. Analyses are performed using gas chromatography-electroncapture detection. The optimization of the extraction process is studied. Compared with commercially available SPME fibers, polydimethylsiloxane, the new phases show better selectivity and sensitivity toward OCPs. The linear concentrations range from 1 to 1000 ng/L, the detection limits are in the range of 0.01-0.5 ng/L, the recoveries are over 85%, and relative standard deviations are below 7.2% for these OCPs.     

Plunger-in-needle solid-phase microextraction with graphene-based sol-gel coating as sorbent for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers

A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) device, assembled with a commercially available plunger-in-needle microsyringe, with the plunger coated with graphene via a sol-gel approach, was developed for the gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples. This is the first application of graphene-based sol-gel coating as SPME sorbent. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. The new coating exhibited enrichment factors for PBDEs between 1378 and 2859. The unique planar structure of graphene enhanced the π-π interaction with the aromatic PBDEs; additionally, the sol-gel coating technique created a porous three-dimensional network structure which offered larger surface area for extraction. The stainless steel plunger provided firm support for the coating and enhanced the durability of the assembly. The plunger-in-needle microsyringe represents a ready-made tool for SPME implementation. Under the optimized conditions, the method detection limits for five PBDEs were in the range of 0.2 and 5.3 ng/L (at a signal/noise ratio of 3) and the precision (% relative standard deviation, n=5) was 3.2-5.0% at a concentration level of 100 ng/L. The linearities were 5-1000 or 10-1000 ng/L for different PBDEs. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of PBDEs in canal water samples.     

固相微萃取气相色谱法测定水相中邻苯二甲酸二酯

 采用m(聚硅氧烷 (OV 1) )∶m (富勒烯聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PSO C60 ) ) =4∶1的混合固定相自制萃取头 ,利用顶空固相微萃取与气相色谱联用技术 (HS SPME GC)分析了水中 5种邻苯二甲酸二酯。考察了萃取温度、离子强度、吸附和热解吸时间等因素对该方法灵敏度的影响。结果表明该萃取头萃取选择性优于商用PDMS萃取头。方法的检出限为 0 331ng/L～ 12 5 μg/L ;除邻苯二甲酸二正壬酯外 ,相对标准偏差均在 12 %以下。     

基于杯［4］芳烃探头的固相微萃取-毛细管电泳法测定尿样中的兴奋剂普萘洛尔异构体

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种双缩水甘油基杯［4］芳烃羟基硅油探头,运用自行设计的反萃取装置实现了顶空固相微萃取与毛细管电泳的离线联用,结合超声反萃取和场放大进样技术成功地测定了尿样中兴奋剂普萘洛尔异构体的含量。实验考察了固相微萃取条件和反萃取条件对测定结果的影响,比较了杯［4］芳烃探头与商品化探头对于尿样中普萘洛尔异构体的萃取性能,结果表明基于杯［4］芳烃探头的固相微萃取过程能够实现满意的净化效应与预富集效应。利用毛细管电泳-二极管阵列检测器对加标尿样中普萘洛尔异构体测定的线性范围为0.05~10 mg/L,检测限为8~10 μg/L,相对标准偏差小于6.5%(n=6),两种异构体的加标回收率为86%~107%(n=5)。该探头的可重复使用(＞150次)性能良好。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定饮用水源水中1,3,5-三氯苯

采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法对饮用水源水中1,3,5-三氯苯进行了测定。以1,2-二氯苯-d4为内标,用PDMS萃取头顶空萃取20min,萃取头于气相色谱进样口解析5min。采用DB-624色谱柱在程序升温条件下进行分离,质谱分析中采用电子轰击离子源(230℃,70eV)及选择离子监测模式测定。结果表明:1,3,5-三氯苯在0.100～2.50μg.L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.019μg.L-1。方法用于河流及水库水中的1,3,5-三氯苯的测定,加标回收率在91.5%～126.0%之间。     

The preparation, properties and application of carbon fibers for SPME

The conditions of preparation of new types of carbon fibers for solid phase micro extraction (SPME) prepared by methylene chloride pyrolysis (at 600 °C) on the quartz fiber (100 μm) as well as by supporting synthetic active carbon (prepared especially for this purposes) supported in a special epoxide-acrylic polymer is described. The properties of such carbon fibers for SPME were defined by determination of the partition coefficient of the tested substances (i.e., benzene, toluene, xylenes, trichloromethane and tetrachloromethane) and by the microscopic investigations with the application of the optical and scanning electron microscope.

The obtained carbon SPME fibers were applied to the analysis of some volatile organic compounds from its aqueous matrix. During chromatographic GC test, at the investigated SPME carbon fibers, we obtained different but mostly high partition coefficients for the determined compounds (Kfs from 120 for trichloromethane up to 11,500 for tetrachloromethane).

Owing to the high partition coefficients of the studied substances obtained on carbon fibers, it was possible to do the analysis of organic substances occurring in trace amounts in different matrices. In this paper, we present the analysis of BTX contents in the petrol analyzed with the application carbonized with CH₂Cl₂ SPME fiber (C1NM) and a headspace over the petrol sample (concentration of each BTX g/dm³).     

用于固相微萃取的乙烯基开链冠醚复合涂层的研制

固相微萃取 (SPME)是一种新型的样品预处理技术 [1] ,其核心是 SPME装置中萃取头上的固相涂层 .目前商用 SPME涂层的种类较少 ,热稳定性较差 (推荐使用温度 2 0 0～ 2 80℃ ) ,使用寿命较短(40～ 1 0 0次 ) ,价格偏高 ,限制了其推广应用 .因此发展高选择性、高稳定性和高效的固     

Graphene‐coated fiber for solid‐phase microextraction of triazine herbicides in water samples

Graphene is a novel and interesting carbon material that could be used for the separation and purification of some chemical compounds. In this investigation, graphene was used as a novel fiber‐coating material for the solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) of four triazine herbicides (atrazine, prometon, ametryn and prometryn) in water samples. The main parameters that affect the extraction and desorption efficiencies, such as the extraction time, stirring rate, salt addition, desorption solvent and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The optimized SPME by graphene‐coated fiber coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) was successfully applied for the determination of the four triazine herbicides in water samples. The linearity of the method was in the range from 0.5 to 200 ng/mL, with the correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9989 to 0.9998. The limits of detection of the method were 0.05‐0.2 ng/mL. The relative standard deviations varied from 3.5 to 4.9% (n=5). The recoveries of the triazine herbicides from water samples at spiking levels of 20.0 and 50.0 ng/mL were in the range between 86.0 and 94.6%. Compared with two commercial fibers (CW/TPR, 50 μm; PDMS/DVB, 60 μm), the graphene‐coated fiber showed higher extraction efficiency.     

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated fibers for solid-phase microextraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in water and milk samples before gas chromatography with electron-capture detection

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental samples has raised great concerns due to the widespread use of PBDEs and their potential risk to humans. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and green sample preparation technique and is widely used for environmental analysis, but reports on the application of SPME for determination of PBDEs are very limited, and only a few publications dealing with commercial SPME fibers are available for extraction of PBDEs. Herein, we report a novel SPME method using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as the SPME fiber coating for gas chromatography with electron-capture detection (GC-ECD) of PBDEs in environmental samples. The MWCNTs coating gave much higher enhancement factors (616-1756) than poly (5% dibenzene-95% dimethylsiloxane) coating (139-384) and activated carbon coating (193-423). Thirty-minute extraction of 10 mL of sample solution using the MWCNTs coated fiber for GC-ECD determination yielded the limits of detection of 3.6-8.6 ng L(-1) and exhibited good linearity of the calibration functions (r(2)>0.995). The precision (RSD%, n=4) for peak area and retention time at the 500 ng L(-1) level was 6.9-8.8% and 0.6-0.9%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of real samples including local river water, wastewater, and milk samples. The recovery of the PBDEs at 500 ng L(-1) spiked in these samples ranged from 90 to 119%. No PBDEs were detected in the river water and skimmed milk samples, whereas in the wastewater sample, 134-215 ng L(-1) of PBDEs were found. The PBDEs were detected in all whole fat milk samples, ranging from 13 to 484 ng L(-1). In a semiskimmed milk sample, only BDE-47 was found at 21 ng L(-1).     

A highly thermal-resistant electrospun-based polyetherimide nanofibers coating for solid-phase microextraction

A high-temperature-resistant solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber was prepared based on polyetherimide (PEI) by the electrospinning method. The PEI polymeric solution was converted to nanofibers using high voltages and directly coated on a stainless steel SPME needle. The scanning electron microscopy images of PEI coating showed fibers with diameter range of 500–650 nm with a homogeneous and smooth surface morphology. The SPME nanofibers coating was optimized for PEI percentage, electrospinning voltage, and time. The extraction efficiency of the coating was investigated for headspace SPME of some environmentally important polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurement. In addition, the important extraction parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, as well as desorption temperature and time were investigated and optimized. The detection limits of the method under optimized conditions ranged from 1 to 5 ng L^?1 using time-scheduled selected ion monitoring mode. The relative standard deviations of the method were between 1.1 and 7.1 %, at a concentration level of 500 ng L^?1. The calibration curves of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed linearity in the range of 5–1000 ng L^?1. The developed method was successfully applied to real water samples and the relative recovery percentages obtained from the spiked water samples were from 84 to 98 % for all the selected analytes except for acenaphthene which was from 75 to 106 %.