苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用、程序升温方法对苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应产物进行了分析。实现了对钛酸四丁酯催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯二甲酯酯交换合成草酸二苯酯反应的主产物草酸二苯酯、中间产物甲基苯基草酸酯、副产物丁基苯基草酸酯、2-甲基丁醛、正丁醚及草酸二苯酯脱羰基生成碳酸二苯酯反应产物的定性，验证了苯酚和草酸二甲酯酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应分三步进行的反应模式。     

TS-1分子筛催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯合成草酸二苯酯

碳酸二苯酯;酯交换;TS-1分子筛催化苯酚和草酸二甲酯合成草酸二苯酯     

联吡啶钌-草酸体系电致化学发光猝灭法检测苯胺和联苯胺

利用苯胺和联苯胺对联吡啶钌 草酸体系电致化学发光的强猝灭作用 ,建立了电致化学发光猝灭的流动注射检测苯胺和联苯胺的方法。该方法具有良好的重现性和稳定性。在所选定的实验条件下 ,苯胺和联苯胺的检出限分别为 5 .0× 10 -7mol/L和 2 .0× 10 -7mol/L。对 1.0× 10 -5mol/L的苯胺和联苯胺 ,测定的标准偏差分别为 3%和 2 .5 % (n =6 )。对苯胺和联苯胺对联吡啶钌 草酸体系电致化学发光的猝灭机理进行了初步的探讨。     

四氧杂四烯衍生物荧光熄灭法测定微量草酸

基于草酸对荧光试剂 2 ,2 ,7,7,1 2 ,1 2 ,1 7,1 7 八甲基 2 1 ,2 2 ,2 3,2 4 四氧杂四烯镁 (MgTOE)的荧光熄灭 ,建立了测定微量草酸的荧光分析方法。在pH4.0NaAc HAc缓冲体系中 ,测定的最大激发波长和发射波长分别为 2 4 5nm和2 98nm ,测定草酸浓度的线性范围为 6.1× 1 0 - 6mol/L～ 8.2× 1 0 - 4 mol/L ,检出限为 8 2× 1 0 - 7mol/L。该法已用于人体尿液及菠菜中草酸的含量分析     

流动注射化学发光法测定水样中的痕量亚硝酸根

亚硝酸根对鲁米诺溴酸钾体系的化学发光具有显著增强作用。据此,结合流动注射技术,建立了一种简单、快速测定NO-2的新方法。方法的线性范围为4.0×10-12～4.0×10-9g/L;检出限为2.0×10-12g/L(3σ);分别对1.0×10-11g/L和4.0×10-10g/L的NO-2进行了平行测定(n=11),其相对标准偏差分别为1.3%与1.5%。用于实验室自来水、饮用纯净水以及雨水中的NO-2的测定,回收率为94%～105%,取得了满意的结果。     

配位吸附波同时测定PbA和InA

在 0 .0 5mol/L氯乙酸 氯乙酸钠 (pH 3.0 )介质中 ,Pb2 + 、In3 + 与二溴邻苯二胺双草酰胺酸酯 (DBAC)生成络合物 ,并吸附于电极表面 ,分别于 - 0 .5 0V、- 0 .6 3V(vs .SCE)得到络合物吸附还原波。其二阶导数峰电流与Pb2 + 、In3 + 浓度分别在 2 .5× 10 -8～ 6 .0× 10 -6mol/L、7.5× 10 -8～ 3.4× 10 -6mol/L内呈良好的线性关系 ;检出限分别为 1.5× 10 -8mol/LPb2 + 和 4 .5× 10 -8mol/LIn3 + 。应用于陶瓷颜料、矿石中微量Pb、In的测定 ,结果满意。     

同一体系中铜(Ⅱ)、铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)和钴(Ⅱ)的络合物吸附波及其分析应用

研究了丁二酮肟 氨 氯化铵 柠檬酸钠 明胶 抗坏血酸体系中Cu(Ⅱ )、Pb(Ⅱ )、Cd(Ⅱ )、Ni(Ⅱ )和Co(Ⅱ )的络合物吸附波 ,建立了同时测定水溶液中痕量相应元素的新方法。上述金属络合物分别在 -0 .44、-0 60、-0 .76、-1.0 7和 -1.2 4V左右产生灵敏的极谱波。信噪比为 3时 ,检出限分别为 1.0× 10 - 8、2 .3×10 - 8、1.3× 10 - 8、2 .9× 10 - 1 0 和 3 .6× 10 - 1 1 mol/L。铜、铅、镉、镍和钴的浓度分别为 2 .0× 10 - 8～ 2 .0× 10 - 5,4.8× 10 - 8～ 4.8× 10 - 5,3 .0× 10 - 8～ 3 .0× 10 - 5,5 .4× 10 - 1 0 ～ 5 .4× 10 - 7和 6.8× 10 - 1 1 ～ 6.8× 10 - 8mol/L时 ,与相应峰电流线性关系良好。方法用于同时快速测定实际样品中这些金属离子 ,获得满意结果     

纯铝中微量钴镍的极谱测定

钴、镍在丁二酮肟 氯化铵 氨 亚硝酸钠体系中能产生极其灵敏的极谱催化波。镍峰电位为 - 0 .98V ,钴峰电位为 - 1.18V(vs .SCE)。钴、镍的线性范围分别为 1.2× 10 -4 ～ 6.0× 10 -2 μg·ml-1,2 .0× 10 -3～ 2 .0× 10 -1μg·ml-1,检出限分别为 3× 10 -11% ,3.3× 10 -10 %。用于测定纯铝样品中微量的钴、镍 ,重现性好 ,结果满意     

5-羟色胺在碳纤维微电极上的电化学测定及伏安行为研究

本文研究了5 羟色胺在Na2HPO4 KH2PO4(pH6.0)缓冲溶液中,于自制的碳纤维微电极上的伏安行为。在此缓冲溶液中5 羟色胺有一对氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为0.2V和0.4V。峰电流与5 羟色胺的浓度分别在4.0×10-6～4.0×10-5mol/L和5.0×10-6～5.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为4.70×10-6mol/L和1.76×10-6mol/L。同时利用多种电化学方法求出了动力学参数。     

6-疏基嘌呤,硫唑嘌呤,8-氮杂鸟嘌呤的滤纸基质室温燐光法研究

建立了 6 巯基嘌呤、硫唑嘌呤和 8 氮杂鸟嘌呤 3种抗癌嘌呤化合物的滤纸基质室温光分析新方法。详细探讨了影响其室温光发射的各种因素。该方法的线性范围、检出限、精密度分别为 6 巯基嘌呤2 0～ 4 .0× 10 2 μmol/L ,1.3μmol/L ,4 .1% ;硫唑嘌呤 2 .0～ 6 .0× 10 2 μmol/L、1.2 μmol/L、3.8% ;8 氮杂鸟嘌呤1.1～ 2 .2× 10 2 μmol/L、7.4× 10 -2 μmol/L、1.3%。用该方法进行尿液中嘌呤化合物的回收测定 ,回收率为 96 .2 %～ 10 1.7% ;进行 6 MP在药片中的回收测定 ,回收率为 96 .2 %～ 10 2 .1%。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。