组合催化剂上丙烷选择氧化制丙烯酸

考察了在C3H8氧化脱氢的NiZrO催化剂和C3H6选择氧化的Mo基催化剂组成的组合催化剂上C3H8选择氧化制取丙烯酸的反应性能.结果表明,两个催化剂比例适当时,反应的丙烯酸收率可达最大.优化温度、烷氧比、空速以及N2含量等反应条件的结果发现,反应体系中O2的匮乏会严重影响反应性能.在有氧分布器的反应装置中对所选组合催化剂在优化的反应条件下进行了30h稳定性测试,结果表明,在340oC,反应性能基本稳定,C3H8转化率和丙烯酸选择性可分别维持在～20%和～74%.     

VPO催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷的影响

采用脉冲反应器,研究了ＶＰＯ催化剂的再生性质及其对晶格氧选择氧化丙烷制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响,结果表明,ＶＰＯ催化剂与气相分子氧反应的速度要比丙烷与其 和氧反应的速度慢许多,因此以丙烷－Ｏ２共进料方式进行反应时,催化剂氧化再生是速度控制步骤,水是影响催化剂选择性的重要因素,但对活性影响不大,在反应温度下,水在ＶＰＯ催化剂 为可逆吸附,容易脱附流失,催化丙烷反应生成目的的产物的活性中心很稳定,主要是晶格     

Selective Oxidation of Propane by Lattice Oxygen of Vanadium-Phosphorous Oxide in a Pulse Reactor

Selective oxidation of propane by lattice oxygen of vanadium-phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts was investigated with a pulse reactor in which the oxidation of propane and the re-oxidation of catalyst were implemented alternately in the presence of water vapor. The principal products are acrylic acid (AA),acetic acid (HAc), and carbon oxides. In addition, small amounts of C1 and C2 hydrocarbons were also found, molar ratio of AA to HAc is 1.4-2.2. The active oxygen species are those adsorbed on catalyst surface firmly and/or bound to catalyst lattice, i.e. lattice oxygen; the selective oxidation of propane on VPO catalysts can be carried out in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser reactor. For propane oxidation over VPO catalysts, the effects of reaction temperature in a pulse reactor were found almost the same as in a steady-state flow reactor. That is, as the reaction temperature increases, propane conversion and the amount of C1 C2 hydrocarbons in the product increase steadily, while selectivity to acrylic acid and to acetic acid increase prior to 350℃ then begin to drop at temperatures higher than 350℃, and yields of acrylic acid and of acetic acid attained maximum at about 400℃. The maximum yields of acrylic acid and of acetic acid for a single-pass are 7.50% and 4.59% respectively, with 38.2% propane conversion. When theamount of propane pulsed decreases or the amount of catalyst loaded increases, the conversion increases but the selectivity decreases. Increasing the flow rate of carrier gases causes the conversion pass through a minimum but selectivity and yields pass through a maximum. In a fixed bed reactor, it is hard to obtainhigh selectivity at a high reaction conversion due to the further degradation of acrylic acid and acetic acid even though propane was oxidized by the lattice oxygen. The catalytic performance can be improved inthe presence of excess propane. Propylene can be oxidized by lattice oxygen of VPO catalyst at 250℃, nevertheless, selectivity to AA and to HAc are even lower, much more acetic acid was produced (molar ratio of AA to HAc is 0.19:1-0.83:1) though the oxidation products are the same as from propane.     

Oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and acetic acid over alkaline earth-doped Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts

Alkaline earth metal (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba)-doped Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts, prepared by a dry-up method, have been investigated for their catalytic performance in the oxidation of propane under different reaction conditions. The catalysts have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3, SEM and XRD. Influence of water vapor on the catalytic performance, particularly on the selectivities to acetic acid and acrylic acid, has also been studied. The selectivity to acrylic acid was improved significantly by the doping of alkaline earth metals to Mo-V-Sb-Ox catalysts. The surface acidic sites of the catalyst decreased with the doping of the catalyst with alkaline earth metals, which ultimately was found to be beneficial for obtaining high selectivity to acrylic acid. The catalytic activity and product selectivities were found to be influenced by the reaction temperature, C3H8/O2 ratio and space velocity. A significant improvement in the selectivity to acrylic acid has also been observed by the addition of water vapor in the feed of propane and oxygen in the oxidation of propane.     

Oxidation of propane to acrylic acid and acetic acid over alkaline earth-doped Mo-V-Sb-O_x catalysts

Alkaline earth metal (Mg,Ca,Sr and Ba)-doped Mo-V-Sb-O x catalysts,prepared by a dry-up method,have been investigated for their catalytic performance in the oxidation of propane under different reaction conditions.The catalysts have been characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3,SEM and XRD.Influence of water vapor on the catalytic performance,particularly on the selectivities to acetic acid and acrylic acid,has also been studied.The selectivity to acrylic acid was improved significantly by the doping of alkaline earth metals to Mo-V-Sb-O x catalysts.The surface acidic sites of the catalyst decreased with the doping of the catalyst with alkaline earth metals,which ultimately was found to be beneficial for obtaining high selectivity to acrylic acid.The catalytic activity and product selectivities were found to be influenced by the reaction temperature,C3H8/O2 ratio and space velocity.A significant improvement in the selectivity to acrylic acid has also been observed by the addition of water vapor in the feed of propane and oxygen in the oxidation of propane.     

VPO催化剂上丙烷选择氧化反应机理的分子探针研究

ＶＰＯ催化剂上丙烷选择氧化反应机理的分子探针研究赵如松，徐铸德（浙江大学化学系，杭州３１００２７）关键词ＶＰＯ催化剂，丙烷，选择氧化，分子探针，反应机理最近研究［１－２］表明，Ｃ３０在ＶＰＯ催化剂上可直接选择氧化成丙烯酸和乙酸。这种工艺与现行烯烃为原...     

Effect of diluent and reaction parameter on selective oxidation of propane over MoVTeNb catalyst using nanoflow catalytic reactor

The selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over an MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalyst, dried and calcined before reaction has been studied using high-throughput instrumentation, which is called nanoflow catalytic reactor. The effects of catalyst dilution on the catalytic performance of the MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalyst in selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid were also investigated. The effects of some reaction parameters, such as gas hourly space velocity （GHSV） and reaction temperature, for selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid over diluted MoVTeNb catalyst have also been studied. The configuration of the nanoflow is shown to be suitable for screen catalytic performance, and its operating conditions were mimicked closely to conventional laboratory as well as to industrial conditions. The results obtained provided very good reproducibility and it showed that preparation methods as well as reaction parameters can play significant roles in catalytic performance of these catalysts.     

高比表面介孔MoVTeNbO催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用水热法添加模板剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和配合剂柠檬酸(CA)制备了Mo VTe Nb O系列催化剂,并将其应用于丙烯一步氧化制备丙烯酸的反应.结果表明,CA的添加量对催化剂的形貌、孔结构、比表面积及催化性能具有明显的影响.当n(CA)/n(Mo)=0.36时,Mo VTe Nb O催化剂为介孔纳米催化剂,其平均孔径为4.9 nm,具有较高的比表面积(37.8 m2/g)和较小的催化剂晶粒(粒径范围为10~16 nm),与常规水热法制备的催化剂相比,Mo VTe Nb O介孔纳米催化剂的晶粒变小、催化性能得到了显著提高,丙烯一步氧化制丙烯酸的转化率可由53.9%提高至71.2%,丙烯酸收率可提高到45.8%.     

Key aspects of crystalline Mo-V-O-based catalysts active in the selective oxidation of propane

Mo-V-O-based complex metal oxide catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time, characterized structurally and tested in the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid, and the results obtained were compared on the basis of catalyst crystal structures in order to clarify key aspects of alkane selective oxidation over multifunctional metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts tested were black solids of rod-shaped crystals, which had a layer structure in the direction of fiber axis and various high dimensional arrangements of metal octahedra in the cross-section plane. A strong dependency on the octahedra arrangements and a facet dependency were observed, and the roles of metal elements in the course of selective oxidation of propane were clarified by comparing the catalytic performance of various Mo-V-O-based catalysts. We discuss the multi-functional character derived from high dimensional structures of the catalysts and mechanism of the selective oxidation of propane.     

Selective Oxidation of Propane over CsFePVAsMo Heteropoly Compound Catalyst

Both the partially reduced and non-reduced multi-component heteropoly compound catalysts with Keggin structure were prepared and used for the selective oxidation of propane. The catalysts were characterized by IR, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, SEM and XRD. The addition of Cs increased the selectivity of acrylic acid and acetic acid. The selective oxidation performance was greatly improved with the addition of As. Among all of the tested catalysts, the catalytic performance of the Cs1.8Fe0.16HxPVAs0.4Mo11O40 (non-reduced) was the best and the maximum yield of acrylic acid reached 16.42%.     

丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛催化剂中Ce的作用

考察了一系列助剂如:Cu、Zn、Mn、W、Ce、Pr、Nd等对Ag-Mo-P-O催化剂丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛的影响.其中添加助剂Ce的Ag-Mo-P-O催化性能较好.添加Ce降低了丙烷氧化反应的活化能并有利于中间产物丙烯转化为丙烯醛.采用BET、XRD、H2-TPR、O2-TPD、C3H8-TPD和EPR等方法,研究了含Ce催化剂的结构和性质.结果表明,助剂Ce改善了催化剂的可还原性,并调变了催化剂中Mo5＋/Mo6＋比例,有利于催化剂上丙烷选择氧化生成丙烯醛,这可能归因于催化剂中形成Ce3＋＋Mo6＋Ce4＋＋Mo5＋氧化-还原循环的缘故.     

Preparation of AgBiVMoO/-Al2O3 Catalysts for the Partial Oxidation of Propane

A novel mixed sol method was developed for the preparation of supported catalysts. Analyses by means of XRD and BET show that a 40%AgBiVMoO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by this method possessed high specific surface area and high dispersion of the active phase. As a result, high acrylic acid selectivity of 8.5% was obtained when the catalyst was used in the reaction of propane partial oxidation to acrylic acid in a fixed-bed reactor.     

Fe-K/AC催化氧化脱硫剂制备及反应机理研究

采用正交实验法制备了负载铁、钾的活性炭(Fe-K/AC)热煤气催化氧化脱硫剂,考察了活性组分铁、钾含量、二价铁和三价铁比例、煅烧温度对催化氧化脱硫反应活性的影响。由正交实验极差分析可知,各因素影响程度依次为:钾含量>铁含量>煅烧温度> Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺,最优制备条件为,铁含量0.5%、钾含量5.0%、煅烧温度600 ℃、Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺比0.5。通过对脱硫剂的孔隙结构和表面形貌分析可知,活性炭表面负载的铁金属氧化物具有催化氧化硫化氢生成单质硫的活性,碱金属氧化物具有协同作用,可以改变表面酸碱性,促进硫化氢的催化转化,但过高的金属氧化物负载量会阻塞孔道,减小反应比表面积,从而降低脱硫剂的反应活性。     

VPO催化剂P/V比对丙烷晶格氧选择氧化制丙烯酸和乙酸的影响

丙烷选择氧化制取丙烯酸(AA)和乙酸(HAc)是氧化深度大、反应过程复杂、包含氧化脱氢和选择性氧种进入分子等多重步骤的多相催化过程. 从催化剂设计的角度看,适用于该反应的催化剂必须在较温和的条件下对烷烃具有氧化脱氢的能力. 钒磷混合氧化物(VPO)是目前少有的这类催化剂. 在影响其催化性能的众多因素中,n(P)/n(V)比是个关键参数;丙烷-氧共进料连续流动氧化反应的适宜n(P)/n(V)比为1.05～1.15[1～4]. 丙烷在VPO催化剂上的选择氧化按晶格氧氧化机制进行,适合于循环流化床提升管(CFBR)反应工艺[5]. CFBR工艺在大幅度提高原料中烃的浓度、抑制深度氧化、降低未反应原料的循环费用等诸多方面具有明显的优势[6],特别适用于丙烷等小分子烷烃的选择氧化. 在CFBR工艺中,与烷烃起反应的氧全部来自催化剂. 因此,为了提高经济效益,要求催化剂有尽可能大的可逆储氧量. 本文用脉冲反应器考察了催化剂P/V比对丙烷氧化反应性能的影响.     

还原性气氛对丙烷选择氧化催化剂Mo-V-Te-Nb-O结构及活性的影响

系统地研究了还原剂(氯化铵)添加到丙烷选择氧化合成丙烯酸催化剂Mo-V-Te-Nb-O混合氧化物中对催化剂性能的影响.实验结果表明,在制备过程中还原剂的存在明显地影响了所得催化剂晶格氧的活动性,而晶格氧的活动性对Mo-V-Te-Nb-O混合氧化物的催化活性有重要的影响.进一步的研究表明,添加还原剂引起了催化剂形貌和相组成的变化,这些对于丙烯酸的形成有着重要作用.具有较多M1相含量的催化剂在低温(<653 K)时表现出了高丙烯酸选择性,而具有较多M2相含量的催化剂则在高温(>653 K)时更有利于丙烯酸的生成.     

Pt/Al2O3整体催化剂上选择性氧化脱除甲醇重整氢源中CO——副反应对CO脱除效果的影响分析

移动甲醇重整制氢是质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）可行的供氢方式之一，包括水蒸气重整、部分氧化重整和自热重整。甲醇重整制氢方法不同，重整气体积组成在H245％～75％，CO215％～25％，CO1％～10％，H2O10％～20％和N20—20％变化。重整气进入PEMFC之前要经过CO水蒸气变换反应（如果采用水蒸气重整，不需要变换过程），     

钼钒酸铋体系催化剂上丙烷的选择氧化反应

钼钒酸铋体系催化剂上丙烷的选择氧化反应李静，宋伟，窦伯生（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）关键词丙烷，选择氧化，钼钒酸铋，助剂，丙烯醛合理利用天然气及石油裂解气为人们所关注。由于烷烃较相应烯烃反应活性低，使其在工业上的应用远不及烯烃，相...     

Key aspects of crystalline Mo-V-O-based catalysts active in the selective oxidation of propane

Mo-V-O-based complex metal oxide catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time, characterized structurally and tested in the selective oxidation of propane to acrylic acid, and the results obtained were compared on the basis of catalyst crystal structures in order to clarify key aspects of alkane selective oxidation over multifunctional metal oxide catalysts. The catalysts tested were black solids of rod-shaped crystals, which had a layer structure in the direction of fiber axis and various high dimensional arrangements of metal octahedra in the cross-section plane. A strong dependency on the octahedra arrangements and a facet dependency were observed, and the roles of metal elements in the course of selective oxidation of propane were clarified by comparing the catalytic performance of various Mo-V-O-based catalysts. We discuss the multi-functional character derived from high dimensional structures of the catalysts and mechanism of the selective oxidation of propane.     

V-Mo-O催化剂的制备及催化甲苯合成苯甲醛的研究

在低温液相条件下,催化氧化甲苯合成苯甲醛是具有竞争力的苯甲醛合成路线。采用溶胶凝胶法制备了V-Mo-O催化剂,评估了在液相低温条件下选择性氧化甲苯的催化性能。研究表明,钒钼配比和焙烧温度对催化剂性能影响显著,适宜的钒钼物质量的配比为6:7,适宜的焙烧温度为500℃。扫描电镜实验表明,该条件下合成的催化剂呈棒状结构,直径约700nm,长度约6µm。X射线衍射观测到催化剂中拥有Mo6V9O40和MoO3物相。X光电子能谱表征,棒状催化剂外表面覆盖一层主含MoO3物种的薄层,这种不同氧化态钼物种的分层组装可能有助于氧物种的传递,提高了其催化性能。当反应温度为80℃,氧化剂为双氧水,溶剂为冰乙酸时,甲苯在该催化剂上的转化率为38.9%,苯甲醛的选择性为69.7%。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Mo-Based Oxide Catalysts and Selective Oxidation of Alkanes

Mo-V-M(=Al, Ga, Bi, Sb and Te)–O mixed oxide catalysts were synthesized hydrothermally for the first time, characterized structurally, and tested for ethane and propane oxidation after activation by various ways. These catalysts were black solids of rod-shaped (fiber like) crystals, which had a layer structure in the direction of fiber axis and a high dimensional arrangement of metal octahedra in the cross-section plane. These fresh crystalline materials became active for catalytic oxidation of alkanes after heat-treatment at 600 °C and subsequent grinding in order to increase exposed plane of the cross-section. The resulting catalysts were very active for an oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with 80% of the ethylene selectivity in the reaction temperature range of 300 to 400 °C and also showed about 50% selectivity to acrylic acid in the propane oxidation. Multi-functional character which derived from the high dimensional structure of the catalysts and mechanism of the selective alkane oxidation were discussed.