氯甲基聚苯乙烯的鋰金属化反应及其在接枝聚合上的应用

使用不同条件,如不同溶剂、温度、反应时间、丁基锂用量及加料次序,将氯甲基化聚苯乙烯与丁基锂反应;然后选择没有交联的产物,使其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯进行接枝聚合。另外,又用氯甲基化聚苯乙烯在金属锂的存在下与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应。 在乙醚溶液制得的聚苯乙烯次甲基锂与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应不能分离出聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯及它的接枝共聚物。在甲苯溶液所制得的聚苯乙烯次甲基锂(表1甲_(45)及甲_(46))与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应,产物通过分离提钝后,由元素分析,水解与交换量测定,浊度滴定,及红外光谱证明系接枝共聚物。甲基丙烯酸甲酯约占该接枝体重量的50％左右。 氯甲基化聚苯乙烯在金属锂存在下与甲基丙烯酸甲酯反应,产物通过分离提钝后,用浊度测定、水解后滴定交换量与热机械曲线也证明是接枝共聚物,但甲基丙烯酸甲酯只占该接枝体重量的3—3.5％左右。     

乙丙共聚物的过氧化氢基化反应及其与烯类单体的接枝共聚合

本文研究了乙丙共聚物在含臭氧的氧气流中的过氧化氢基化反应,考察了温度、时间、浓度以及添加剂等对过氧化氢基化物(EPHP)中过氧化氢基含量的影响;研究了EPHP与苯乙烯类单体进行接枝共聚反应以及接枝产物的共混增韧作用。     

紫外导数光谱法在含苯乙烯链节共聚物组成测定中的应用

人们利用苯环在260nm区域的特征紫外吸收测定共聚物中聚苯乙烯(PS)链节含量时,常假设共聚物的紫外吸收仅来源于PS链节,且共聚物和PS均聚物具有相同的摩尔吸光系数.这些假定并不一定正确,即使共聚单体单元在260nm处不存在特征吸收,对共聚物吸收峰的位置和强度也有明显影响.不少研究者发现苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物中,PS含量和吸光度不存在线性关系.E.J.Mechan发现丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物中聚丁二烯链节在250～300nm范围内有一个宽的背景吸收.我们也发现在聚苯乙烯-g-十八烷基聚氧乙烯(PS-g-SPEO)接枝共聚物中,SPEO的背景吸收严重干扰了PS链节在260nm处的紫外吸收.为     

聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶的制备

通过淀粉纳米晶与苯乙烯乳液聚合的方法制备了聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶并用FTIR和1HNMR进行了表征;制备了不同接枝聚苯乙烯单体与淀粉纳米晶的物质的量之比(MS)的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶,在苯乙烯单体和淀粉纳米晶摩尔比(M/SN)为2,反应时间为5～12h条件下,所得MS为0.15～0.67.X-射线衍射结果表明,接枝聚苯乙烯几乎不会改变淀粉纳米晶的晶型,但结晶度随着MS的增加而下降.     

末端为噻吩基的聚苯乙烯大分子单体的合成及其氧化偶联聚合

以丁基锂为引发剂、四氢呋喃为溶剂 ,在氮气气氛和 - 78℃下进行苯乙烯 (ST)阴离子聚合 ,并加入 3 溴噻吩作为终止剂 ,从而合成出末端含噻吩基的聚苯乙烯 (PST Thp) ,它可以进行氧化偶联聚合 ,是一类新的大分子单体 .在无水三氯化铁作用下 ,PST Thp可以进行均聚反应或与噻吩进行共聚反应 ,共聚反应生成主链刚性、支链分子量分布窄的聚 (噻吩 接枝 苯乙烯 ) (PThp g ST) ,凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱和吸收光谱证实接枝共聚物的生成     

温敏聚苯乙烯接枝聚异丙基丙稀酰胺梳型共聚物的合成

采用氯化亚铜为催化剂, 1,1,4,7,10,10-六甲基三亚乙基四胺(HMTETA)为配体, 溴代聚苯乙烯为大分子引发剂,以异丙基丙稀酰胺为单体进行原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP), 合成窄分布的聚苯乙烯接枝聚异丙基丙稀酰胺聚合物. 红外光谱(IR)和氢核磁共振波谱(1H NMR)证明了接枝聚合物的结构. 凝胶渗透液相色谱(GPC)(用聚苯乙烯作为标样)研究发现, 接枝共聚物的分子量分布是单分散的, 数均分子量为19815 g/mol. 差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究表明, 由于疏水的异丙基和胺基的氢键作用, 接枝共聚物的玻璃化转变温度比作为原料的聚苯乙烯提高了16.0℃. 报道了温敏的以溴代聚苯乙烯为骨架的接枝共聚物的成功制备.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯/苯乙烯在硅片表面的RAFT接枝聚合

将3-(2-二硫代苯甲酸基丙酰氧基)丙基二甲基甲氧基硅烷化学键合于硅片表面.以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯为单体,在硅片表面进行可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)接枝聚合.X-射线光电子能谱仪证实聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共聚物(poly(MMA-co-St))都接枝到硅片表面.但3个体系表现出不同的性质,甲基丙烯酸甲酯的RAFT聚合可控性差,分子量比设计分子量大得多,分子量分布指数宽,接枝密度仅为0·03chains/nm2;苯乙烯均聚合的活性/可控性好、分子量分布窄,接枝密度提高到0·21chains/nm2;共聚合体系综合了两个均聚体系的优点,分子量分布较窄,接枝密度最高为0·31chains/nm2,聚合物膜厚随转化率、数均分子量基本呈线性增长.     

HIPS的官能化及HIPS/PBT共混体系的研究

以过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）为引发剂，甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）为活性单体，高抗冲苯乙烯（HIPS）通过熔融接枝制得了动能化的高抗冲聚苯乙烯接枝物（HIPS－g-GMA)。用红外光谱和电子能谱对其结构进行了表征。HIPS－g-GMA的红外谱图，证明GMA已经接枝到HIPS上。电子能谱分析也提供了相似的结论。研究了单体浓度和DCP用量对产物接枝率的影响，并用化学滴定方法测定了接枝物的接枝率。用DSC、SEM、WAXD、DMA等研究了PBT／HIPS和PBT、HIPS－g-GMA的结晶、形态结构、动态力学性能及力学性能随组成的变化。SEM及DMA分析表明增容后体系的相容性得到改善，力学性能有较大提高。     

聚偏氟乙烯溶液法接枝苯乙烯磺酸膜的结构与形貌研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂，通过溶液接枝聚合法把苯乙烯接枝到碱处理过的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上，磺化后得到聚偏氟乙烯接枝苯乙烯磺酸(PVDF-g-PSSA)电解质膜。研究发现碱处理过的PVDF膜更容易与苯乙烯发生接枝聚合反应，且接枝率与碱处理时间呈线性变化关系。用红外光谱、差示扫描量热法检测PVDF膜经过接枝以及随后的磺化所发生的膜结构变化，并用SEM观察PVDF膜接枝前后以及接枝磺化后产物PVDF-g-PSSA膜的形貌及硫分布。研究表明，用KOH碱处理过的PVDF膜与苯乙烯进行接枝共聚反应时，PVDF膜结构在接枝前后和磺化前后发生变化，说明苯乙烯确实接枝到PVDF膜上。     

碳链接枝共聚物——Ⅴ.少量天然橡胶与甲基丙烯酸-苯乙烯接枝共聚及其产物的结构与性能关系

用少量合成橡胶与聚苯乙烯混炼进行机械-化学接枝共聚或以少量天然橡胶与苯乙烯接枝共聚都得到了耐热性好、抗冲击强度较高的聚苯乙烯.在这里我们试图在少量天然橡胶与苯乙烯接枝共聚时引入适量的甲基丙烯酸,使得到的接枝共聚物中含有甲     

中国硫回收技术进展(英文)

综述了国内硫回收技术的现状,并对今后１０－１５年内硫回收技术的发展进行了展望。     

INCREASED UV EXPOSURE IN FINLAND IN 1993

Abstract—
Exceptionally low total ozone, up to 40% below the normal level, was measured over Northern Europe during winter and spring in 1992 and 1993. In 1993 the depletion persisted up to the end of May, resulting in a significant increase of biologically effective UV radiation. The increases were significantly smaller in 1992 and 1994 than in 1993. The UV exposure of the Finnish population was evaluated through measurements and theoretical calculations. The increase in measured erythemal (International Lighting Commission) UV falling onto horizontal surfaces on clear days was determined relative to model calculations for an average ozone amount. The increase was on average 10% from April to May 1993, and the maximal measured increase was 34%. Theoretical calculations for both erythemal and carcinogenic (Skin Cancer Utrecht-Philadelphia) UV indicated that in 1993 the theoretical annual increase to a vertical (cylinder) surface ranged from 8 to 13% in Finland. The reflection of UV from snow considerably increases facial UV doses in Northern Finland.     

COLLOID CHEMISTRY IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN CHINA

Wool-wax alcohols are remarkably effective in stabilization of water-in-oil emulsions. The structural changes in the continuous phase have been analysed by X-ray diffraction technique between the emulsification temperature, when the alcohol phase is liquid, down to room temperature. Evidence is given for the formation of sterol multilayer structure at the oil/water interface. The bilayer thickness of the sterols is 34,3 Å, and at about 37 °C there is a transition into a phase with X-ray data in close agreement with these of anhydrous cholesterol. The aliphatic alcohol molecules, which thus separate from the sterol molecules, start to form an ordered structure at about 50 °C. First a lamellar liquid-crystalline phase is formed with a bilayer thickness of 41,1 Å. Ano α-crystal phase, with hexagonal chain packing and vertical molecules is formed at further cooling to about 40 °C. The relation between emulsion stability and ordered interfacial structure is discussed.     

RHODOPSIN-PHOSPHOLIPID INTERACTION IN DETERGENT AND IN THE DISK

Abstract— Solubilization of cattle disk membrane in deoxycholate shifted the fluorescence emission maximum from 324 to 331 nm without changing the intensity. Tryptophyl residues are probably located at the hydrophobic interface between rhodopsin and phospholipid. Depletion of deoxycholate concentration from the solubilized disk by Sephacryl 200 column chromatography produced rhodopsin-phospholipid complexes with different characteristics that are the intermediate stages of membrane formation from homogeneous molecular solution. Association of rhodopsin takes place in a two-dimensional way even in the appreciably low content of phospholipid.
Sedimentation velocity studies showed that reassociation of lipid and rhodopsin occurs in 0.2% deoxycholate as well as in 0.05% sodium dodecylsulfate.
By using Sephacryl column we can now prepare, within 60 min, the rhodopsin-lipid complex that can form large vesicles in response to the addition of MgCl₂ without dialysis. This type of lipoprotein complex will be useful to the study of the mechanism of the two dimensional membrane formation.     

TRANSPORT OF LIGHT IN TISSUE IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Abstract The dose rate in photodynamic therapy is proportional to the energy fluence rate and the concentration of the photosensitizer. Calculations of the energy fluence rate have been performed in slab, cylindrical and spherical geometries with the discrete ordinates transport method and diffusion theory. The attentuation of the energy fluence rate is least in slab geometry and greatest in spherical geometry. Violet (405 nm) light is attenuated much more rapidly than red (630 nm) light. Small tissue dimensions or narrow beam irradiation further decrease the energy fluence rate with radius and depth. Anisotropic scattering increases the energy fluence rate at large depths, but decreases it near the source. Measurements of the absolute energy fluence rate vs depth in a mouse tumor model exhibit an order of magnitude attenuation through the skin and a 3 mm thick tumor. Calculations of the energy fluence rate of the DHE fluorescence have been carried out to guide measurement of the concentration. Violet light excitation is much more efficient than red light excitation.     

ICP-AES 法测定我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种元素

应用ICP—AES测定了我国三个不同地域生长的板栗中20种无机元素的含量并作了成分的比较研究，对试样的溶解条件及仪器的工作参数也进行了研究和优化。各元素分析结果的RSD值在0．11％～6．9％之间，回收率在95．1％～108．0％之间。